RU222334U1 - DEVICE FOR ONE-PIECE SUPPLY OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS SEEDS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, namely to devices for the piece feeding of oblong and rounded objects, and can be used to control, process or count seeds of agricultural crops, in particular wheat, soybeans, peas, and other objects.

A device for individual supply of oblong and round-shaped objects for control and processing or counting of objects, in particular agricultural seeds, includes a cylindrical body 1, in which the main disk 3 is rotatably placed on the drive shaft 2, on which the main disk 3 is fixedly mounted. of the outer diameter is a replaceable disk 4 with cells 5 corresponding to the size of one seed, cutting through the replaceable disk 4 and its rim, the sides of the cells 5 are located along planes passing through the axis of rotation and symmetry of the replaceable disk 4. Above the replaceable disk 4 with cells 5 to the body 1 an eccentric element 6 is fixed, which closes the cells 5 with the objects in them to ensure that these objects flow into the exit window 7 in the housing 1. In the housing 1 there is a second window 8 for sucking dusty air from the internal container of the device, as well as from the control zone, where optical elements of the devices are placed (not shown). The housing 1 is closed by a lid 9 with a means 10 for supplying objects located on it, a valve 11 for feeding and dispensing objects (dispensing valve) mounted on the cover 9 under the means 10 for supplying objects. The drive shaft 2 of the main disk 3 is attached to the housing 1 by means of bearings 12. To the eccentric element 6 to its lower horizontal flat surface at a distance of 15 mm from the end edge, counting in the direction of rotation of the replaceable disk 4, the output window 7 opposite it is rigidly attached to the seed ejector in in the form of a vertical rod 13 with a lower head rounded in the form of a hemisphere, which fits with gaps of 0.25 mm into a groove 14 made in the replaceable disk 4 with cells 5, concentric relative to the axis of symmetry and rotation of the replaceable disk 4, the depth and width of which are equal to 3 mm, with In this case, the inner side of the groove 14 closest to the axis of symmetry and rotation of the replaceable disk 4 coincides with the inner sides of the slots-cells 5 closest to this axis.

The technical result is increased device performance.

3 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, namely to devices for the piece feeding of oblong and rounded objects, and can be used to control, process or count seeds of agricultural crops, in particular wheat, soybeans, peas, and other objects.

A device for individual supply of seeds is known (see copyright certificate SU No. 1799095, IPC A01C 1/00, 01/23/93), which includes a hopper, a fixed disk, in which an arcuate groove is made for the passage of seeds to the exit window, above the disk a rotating disk with through holes, the size of which corresponds to the average size of seeds, is installed, forming the bottom of the hopper.

The main disadvantages of the described device are the inconvenient trajectory of seed supply from the output window for operation of control or seed processing devices, the low seed supply speed and, most importantly, the possibility of mechanical damage when moving along the mentioned arcuate groove between the rotating and stationary disk.

A device is known for individual supply of objects, in particular agricultural seeds (see patent RU No. 2180475, IPC A01C 7/04, 03/20/2002, Bulletin No. 8), which includes a storage hopper for supplied objects, an endless belt for directed ejection objects and drive device. The storage hopper is designed to rotate around its vertical axis under the action of the said drive device. A slot is made along at least part of the perimeter of the hopper, the width of which is sufficient for the passage of at least one object through it, and the endless belt is adjacent to the hopper in the area of the said gap on at least part of the perimeter of the hopper. In the lower part of the hopper there are several through channels, evenly distributed along the perimeter of its inner side surface. The device is equipped with a means for supplying compressed gas into the hopper cavity at the junction of the endless belt through at least one of the specified channels. The endless belt is equipped with transverse protrusions on the surface adjacent to the slot of the storage hopper for uniform distribution of objects fed onto the belt along its length. The distance between the projections is equal to the length of the circular arc between the mentioned channels in the bottom of the hopper. The use of the invention makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the device and eliminate mechanical damage to seeds when feeding them into the control or counting zone.

The main disadvantages of this device are the difficult access to through channels evenly spaced along the perimeter of its inner side surface to remove stuck seeds during operation, as well as the use of compressed gas to blow off dust from the seeds, which is carried by the open rotating parts of the device. It is difficult to protect the optics of devices in the area of control, processing and counting of seeds from this dust.

Closest to the claimed invention is a device for individually feeding objects of oblong and round shape, containing a cylindrical body having a disk with cells, a means for supplying objects, an output window and a drive shaft, wherein the disk with cells for objects is made replaceable and is fixed to the one mounted on the drive shaft. shaft of a rotating disk, and its cells are made conical, while the housing is equipped with a cover with a means for supplying objects located on it, a valve for feeding and dispensing objects, mounted on the lid under the means for feeding objects, and an element covering the cells of the replaceable disk for collecting objects from the cells into the output window, eccentrically located above the disk with the cells, and in addition the housing has a window for sucking out dusty air, and the means for supplying objects is made in the form of a pipe (see RF patent No. 2343673, IPC A01C 7/04, 01/20/2009. Bulletin No. 2).

The disadvantage of the known device is a large number of seeds stuck in the cells, as a result of which they do not fall out of the output window, which leads to a decrease in the productivity of the device.

The task that the utility model solves is to increase the performance of the device.

The problem is solved using a device for individually feeding objects of oblong and round shape, for monitoring and processing or counting objects, in particular agricultural seeds, containing a cylindrical body having a means for feeding objects, an output window and a drive shaft with a main disk with the ability rotation, a replaceable disk mounted on the main disk with cells corresponding to the size of one seed, cutting through the rim of the replaceable disk, the sides of which are located along planes passing through the axis of rotation and symmetry of the replaceable disk, while the housing is equipped with a lid with a means for supplying objects located on it, a valve for feeding and dispensing objects, mounted on the lid under the means for supplying objects, and an element that closes the cells of the replaceable disk for discharging objects from the cells into the output window, eccentrically located above the disk with cells, and additionally the housing has a window for sucking out dusty air, and the means for supplying objects is made in the form of a pipe, where a seed ejector in the form of a vertical rod with a rounded shape is rigidly attached to the eccentric element to its lower horizontal flat surface at a distance of 15 mm from the end edge, counting in the direction of rotation of the replaceable disk, of the outlet window opposite it. hemisphere with a lower head entering with gaps of 0.25 mm into a groove made in a replaceable disk with cells, concentric with respect to the axis of symmetry and rotation of the replaceable disk, the depth and width of which are 3 mm, with the inner side closest to the axis of symmetry and rotation of the replaceable disk The grooves coincide with the inner sides of the slot-cells closest to this axis.

In fig. 1 shows the device in a vertical section (side view); in fig. 2 - section B-B in Fig. 1 (top view); in fig. 3 - section A-A in Fig. 2.

A device for individual supply of oblong and round-shaped objects for control and processing or counting of objects, in particular agricultural seeds, includes a cylindrical body 1, in which the main disk 3 is rotatably placed on the drive shaft 2, on which the main disk 3 is fixedly mounted. of the outer diameter is a replaceable disk 4 with cells 5 corresponding to the size of one seed, cutting through the replaceable disk 4 and its rim, the sides of the cells 5 are located along planes passing through the axis of rotation and symmetry of the replaceable disk 4. Above the replaceable disk 4 with cells 5 to the body 1 an eccentric element 6 is fixed, which closes the cells 5 with the objects in them to ensure that these objects flow into the exit window 7 in the housing 1. In the housing 1 there is a second window 8 for sucking dusty air from the internal container of the device, as well as from the control zone, where optical elements of the devices are placed (not shown). The housing 1 is closed by a lid 9 with a means 10 for supplying objects located on it, a valve 11 for feeding and dispensing objects (dispensing valve) mounted on the cover 9 under the means 10 for supplying objects. The drive shaft 2 of the main disk 3 is mounted in the housing 1 by means of bearings 12.

To the eccentric element 6 to its lower horizontal flat surface at a distance of 15 mm from the end edge, counting in the direction of rotation of the replaceable disk 4, the output window 7 opposite it is rigidly attached to a seed ejector in the form of a vertical rod 13 with a lower head rounded in the form of a hemisphere, entering from gaps of 0.25 mm into a groove 14 made in the replaceable disk 4 with cells 5, concentric with respect to the axis of symmetry and rotation of the replaceable disk 4, the depth and width of which are 3 mm, while the inner side of the groove is closest to the axis of symmetry and rotation of the replaceable disk 4 14 coincides with the inner sides of the slot-cells 5 closest to this axis.

The design of the device allows for loading, unloading and generating a flow from seeds in a wide range of speeds, which makes the device applicable in both laboratory and industrial installations.

The device works as follows (using seeds as an example).

The seeds, through a means 10 for feeding objects into the device, for example, through a receiving pipe, fall onto a rotating disk 4 with cells 5, are accelerated and pressed against the wall of the housing 1 by centrifugal force, forming a toroidal prism, which is formed by a valve 11 for feeding and dispensing objects. The metering valve 11 also automatically regulates the flow of seeds from the means 10 for feeding objects into the device, cutting off the flow while the valve 11 is supported from below by a rotating torus of seeds. As the seeds are consumed, the height of the torus decreases, and the metering valve 11 opens access to a new portion of seeds, performing the function of a feeder-dispenser. The layer of seeds, pressed against the wall of housing 1, slows down somewhat, and the layer above it overtakes it, and at the same time constant mixing of the layers occurs, which is comparable to the formation of a “pseudo-fluid” from the seeds. The action of centrifugal force creates internal pressure in the movable torus of seeds, which is enclosed between the top cover 9, the wall of the housing 1 and the rotating replaceable disk 4. This internal pressure, as in a liquid, is distributed perpendicular to the walls. Greater pressure is generated in the zone of cells 5, which ensures the forced pushing of grains into cells 5. The eccentric element 6 isolates cells 5 from the effects of a boiling torus of seeds in the area where they exit cells 5 into window 7 in housing 1. Seeds exit only from cells 5 and form a flow with a distance between flying grains equal to the pitch of cells 5 on the replaceable disk 4.

Those seeds that are stuck in cells 5 and did not previously fall out of the window 7 under the influence of centrifugal forces, when they approach the edge of the exit window 7 closing the window, are exposed to the lower head of the seed ejector rounded in the form of a hemisphere in the form of a vertical rod 13 and also fall out into the exit window 7, completely freeing all cells 5 on the removable disk 4. The optical elements of the devices (not shown) record the fall of seeds, and the electronic elements of the devices count their number.

The conditions for the orientation of objects, for example, wheat grains, when loading them into cells 5 are the same as in a corner inclined chute, where the long axes of the grains in the corner of the chute are oriented along it. For normal operation of the device, it is necessary to first separate the seed material through 2 sieves into fractions: the amount of very large ones is 3-5%, very small ones (halves, garbage) - 2-4%. The remainder, 91-95%, passes through the device normally. As a very large fraction of seeds accumulates during sieving, they are also passed through the device, replacing the replaceable disk 4 with a disk with the appropriate cell size 5, and also, if necessary, in this case, replace the eccentric element 6 with the one attached to it corresponding to the size of the cells 5 and location grooves 14 at a distance from the seed ejector in the form of a vertical rod 13.

Claims (1)

A device for individual feeding of agricultural crop seeds, containing a cylindrical body having a means for feeding objects, an output window and a drive shaft with a rotatable main disk, a replaceable disk mounted on the main disk with cells corresponding to the size of one seed, cutting through the rim of the replaceable disk, the sides which are located along planes passing through the axis of rotation and symmetry of the replaceable disk, while the housing is equipped with a lid with a means for supplying objects located on it, a valve for feeding and dispensing objects fixed on the lid under the means for supplying objects, and an element closing the cells of the replaceable disk for collecting objects from the cells into the output window, eccentrically located above the disk with cells, and additionally the housing has a window for sucking out dusty air, and the means for supplying objects is made in the form of a pipe, characterized in that it is connected to the eccentric element to its lower horizontal flat surface at a distance of 15 mm from the end edge, counting in the direction of rotation of the replaceable disk, the exit window; opposite it, a seed ejector is rigidly attached in the form of a vertical rod with a lower head rounded in the form of a hemisphere, which fits with gaps of 0.25 mm into the one made in the replaceable disk with cells concentric with respect to the axis of symmetry and rotation of the replaceable disk, a groove whose depth and width are 3 mm, while the inner side of the groove closest to the axis of symmetry and rotation of the replaceable disk coincides with the inner sides of the slots-cells closest to this axis.