RU2339201C2 - Remedy for soil erosion on sloping lands - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes making of cross water-retaining ravines sowed at zero slop. Liquorice are planted along ravines bottom and slopes. Annually liquorice crops are milled along narrow band with 0.10-0.15 m width and 0.2-0.4 m depth. Distance between bands is 0.3-0.5 m.

EFFECT: creates erosion-stable long-term pasturable and mowing agro and eco system.

2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of agriculture and will find application in the installation of pastures and hayfields on eroded slopes.

A known method of combating water erosion on sloping lands, including cutting across the slope of the cracks filled with filler with high permeability (US Pat. RF No. 1771546, AB 13/16, BI No. 40, 1992).

The disadvantage of this method is the high complexity of the process of filling the gaps with filler, in addition, the gaps are gradually clogged by the clay fraction of water and require periodic renewal, which is associated with significant capital costs.

A known method of combating erosion on sloping lands, comprising a device across the slope of water-retained sown troughs with zero slope. (O.A. Ivanov, V.F. Tyutyukin). “Resource-saving irrigation technology that ensures rational nature management. The agrarian science of Khakassia: problems, solutions, prospects. " Abakan, 2003).

This method is taken as a prototype. Its disadvantage is the low reliability of slope strengthening on lands with poor water permeability with loamy and clay soils. During heavy rains, the hollows are overflowing with water and in case of erosion of the soil at any part of the slope of the hollow, there is a threat of an avalanche flow of water, the size of which increases as the water moves along the slope.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the erosion resistance of the troughs and to eliminate unproductive use of the area of hayfields or pastures.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known method, including the device across the slope of water-holding sown hollows with a zero slope, licorice plants are planted along the bottom and slopes of the hollows and annually along the hollows, narrow-band milling of licorice crops is performed with a milled strip width of 0.10-0.15 m and a depth of 0.2-0.4 m, and the distance between these bands is 0.3-0.5 m.

The positive effect of the application of the proposal is based on the fact that licorice plants have a well-developed root system consisting of vertical rod roots capable of reaching a depth of 1.5 m and fan-shaped horizontal rhizomes diverging from the mother plant, reaching a length of several meters. The bulk of horizontal rhizomes (up to 70%) is located in a layer of 0.1-0.4 m from the soil surface. Licorice is a root-sprouting plant, capable of forming a new plant from each segment of the rhizome with a bud. Milling with the division of horizontal rhizomes ensures the development of new plants from segments of rhizomes and increases the water permeability of bottom soils and slopes of troughs both for intercepting surface runoff and creating a favorable air-water regime for the development of new licorice plants from rhizomes. Vertical licorice roots, penetrating to great depths even in drought conditions, provide licorice with water. In addition, licorice is a bean plant that enriches the soil with nitrogen and is complementary to most pasture and hay grasses from the bluegrass family, which develop well under the canopy of licorice plants, forming a dense sod in a layer of 5-10 cm. Thus, on the bottom and slopes of each a powerful soddy surface is created from the hollows, held together by a network of licorice rhizomes, which prevents the development of water erosion of the slope. Streaks of thick aerial licorice biomass located along the hollows, with strong stems reaching a height of 0.8-1.2 m, also contribute to the interception and alignment along the slope of the surface runoff during heavy rains and also serve to prevent soil deflation. The association of licorice and other plants provides a good complete feed for livestock both in grassland and in hay, i.e. Licorice strips on hollows do not alienate pasture or hayfields.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a view of the slope in plan, and figure 2 is a section along aa. Across the slope 1, horizontally, made continuous sowing troughs 2, along the bottom and slopes of which were planted licorice plants 3, forming a well-developed root system 4. After the development of rhizomes of licorice plants annually along the bottom and slopes of the troughs, the soil layer is milled with the formation milled strips 5, which cut the horizontal rhizomes into separate pieces equal to the distance between the strips. The milling depth of 0.2-0.4 m corresponds to the depth of the bulk of the horizontal roots of licorice. The width of the milled strip of 0.1-0.2 m allows processing without significant damage to the crops while creating moisture reserves. The distance between the milled strips of 0.3-0.5 m allows us to guarantee the presence of 1-3 buds on each segment of the rhizome, from which new plants are formed. On a segment of rhizome less than 0.3 m, buds may be absent, and if the length of the segment is more than 0.5 m, only one of several sleeping buds can sprout, which accordingly will lead to less density of grass stand.

Carry out a method of combating water erosion in the following sequence.

On slopes 1 across the slope in the direction of the horizontal horizontally formed troughs 2 are formed, the distance between which, depending on the steepness of the slope, varies from 50 to 200 m, and the width is from 5 to 10 m. The slope, including the surface of the bottom and slopes of the troughs , sow with pasture or hay grass traditional for the area. Immediately after sowing, along the bottom and slopes of the surface of the troughs, seeds are sown or 3 cuttings of bare licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) or Ural licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) are planted or planted. After the development of licorice plants from these cuttings (not earlier than a year later), loosened strips 5 of a width of 0.15-0.20 cm and a depth of 0.4 m at a distance of 0.3-0 are arranged along the bottom and slopes along the hollows using a cutter, 5 m apart. In the soil, dissection of the rhizomes of 4 licorice into separate pieces is performed. Subsequently, offspring of buds on each segment of the rhizome grows the offspring of a new licorice plant. This operation is repeated at least once a year in the spring. Strip 5, loosened by milling, also serves to increase the water-holding capacity of the trough and improve the water-air regime of the root layer of the soil on heavy soils, which contributes to the rapid development of licorice and other perennial grasses on the bottom and slopes of the troughs with the formation of a strong turf that prevents the destruction of troughs and the development of erosion processes on the slope. Streaks of strong and high licorice stems on the hollows also serve to hold and level the flow of water on the slope and reduce deflationary stress. Licorice, as a bean plant, not only increases the value of the resulting feed, but also contributes to the accumulation of nitrogen in the soil, improving the agrophysical properties of soils.

Thus, as a result of the application of the proposed method, an erosion-resistant perennial grazing or haying agroecosystem can be created on the entire slope area.

Claims (1)

A method of combating soil erosion on sloping lands, including performing across the slope of water-holding sown troughs with a zero slope, characterized in that licorice plants are planted along the bottom and slopes of the troughs and annually milled licorice crops are cut along the troughs with a milled strip width of 0.10-0 , 15 m and a depth of 0.2-0.4 m, and the distance between the strips is 0.3-0.5 m.

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