RU2336720C1 - Method of increasing geese productivity - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fodder production. The method implies that during first three days goslings are fed with ground intestinal mass of clinically healthy geese in the amount of 500 g per 10 kg of mixed fodder. Increasing of geese productivity is ensured.

EFFECT: increasing of geese productivity.

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Description

The invention relates to applied biology, and in particular to methods of increasing safety, live weight, the output of feather-down materials and, as a consequence, increasing the productivity of geese.

There is a method of increasing the productivity of geese, which consists in the continuous introduction into the diet of geese of the enzyme preparation Avisim-1200 in a dose of 0.15%, which allows to increase live weight by 5-8% [S. Sukhanova, A. Volkova. The use of enzymes for fattening goslings for meat // Poultry, No. 4, 2006, p.30].

The disadvantage of this method is that it is necessary to feed Avisim-1200 throughout the entire growing period, and at the same time, productivity is increased only by increasing live weight, while increasing the safety and yield of valuable feather-down material is not observed.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the productivity of geese, in this case, due to the short-term feeding of the crushed intestinal mass of adult gander.

The problem is solved in that the crushed intestinal mass of adult clinically healthy gander is fed to goslings at a dose of 500 g / 10 kg of feed for the first three days of life. At a dose of less than 500 g / 10 kg, there is no increase in the safety and increase in live weight of geese, and a dose of more than 500 g / 10 kg of feed is not economically feasible, since the consumption of intestinal mass increases, and productivity indicators do not increase.

In order to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, two groups of daily goslings were formed by the method of analog groups of 100 animals each. Goslings were grown from daily to 30 days of age indoors, and then on pasture. During the experiment, the zootechnical parameters recommended by the poultry factory specialists were observed. The bird had constant free access to feed and water. In the course of the experiment, planned veterinary measures were also carried out. Thus, the living conditions and the general feeding level in both groups of goslings were the same, the differences were only in the fact that the goslings of the experimental group were additionally fed with the crushed intestinal mass of adult clinically healthy gander in a dose of 500 g / 10 kg of feed. To obtain intestinal mass, adult clinically healthy gander were killed, anatomical cutting was performed, and the intestines were cut from the muscle stomach to the cesspool. After that, the whole intestine with contents was ground using a household meat grinder and the intestinal mass was mixed with the feed in the above proportion. Feeding the prepared mixture to the goslings was carried out immediately.

In all experiments, geese received mixed feed, the composition of which corresponded to the standards of VNITIP.

Weights were carried out every day on a Ken-wood electric balance. Preservation was taken into account daily by the number of dead birds. The quantitative yield of feather-down materials was determined both from one head and throughout the group. Blood was taken from the wing vein from 5 individuals from each group, and heparin was used as an anticoagulant. Erythrocytes and leukocytes (Bolotnikov V.A., Solovyov Yu.V., 1980), hemoglobin concentration in the Sali hemometer (Predtechensky V.E., 1964), total calcium (Kolb V.G., Kamyshnikov BC, 1976), phosphorus in serum according to Brigs in the modification of Lebedev P.T., Usovich A.G. (1965), the total protein in the blood serum by the refractometric method (Menshikov V.V., 1973).

Indicators of non-specific resistance: bactericidal activity of blood serum according to the method of Smirnova OV and Kuzmina T.A., lysozyme titer according to the method of Ermolieva Z.V. and Buyanovskaya I.S., activity of beta-lysine by the accelerated method Bukharin O.V. (Maslyanko R.P., 1984).

Carcasses were cut according to the method of VNITIP (2001). The meat was determined: the amount of protein substances, fat, minerals and water by generally accepted methods (Maslieva O.V., 1970), the amount of tryptophan and oxyproline in meat according to the method of G.I. Belkov et al. (1984). The content of total cholesterol in meat according to the method of Zack described by Martyushov V.M. et al. (1997).

The digital data obtained during the experiment was processed statistically (Gataulin A.M., 1992), the significance of differences between the groups was calculated by the Student method described by the above author. The differences were considered significant at P≤0.05.

Observations of the goslings of the experimental and control groups showed that the use of intestinal mass in feeding did not adversely affect the growth and development of young geese. They were active, mobile and well-fed. The death of goslings in the experimental group was observed much less frequently than in the control. And by the end of the experiment, only 4 caterpillars fell in the experimental group, while in the control group 15 (table 1). The greatest departure of young animals in both groups was observed in the first 30 days of life. Safety in the experimental group was 11% higher than in the control.

Table 1 The safety of the geese during the experiment Age, days Group control experienced one one hundred one hundred 10 97 99 twenty 92 99 thirty 90 98 120 86 97 180 85 96

The use of intestinal mass entailed not only a decrease in the mortality of geese, but also an increase in their live weight (table 2). Starting from 10 days of age and throughout the entire period of the experiment, the live weight of geese of the experimental group was statistically significantly higher than the live weight of geese of the control group, so at the age of 10 days the differences were 15.3%, in the 20-day-old - 34.4%, 30-day - 18.0%, and by the end of cultivation, i.e. at 180 days of age - 12.4%.

table 2 Live weight of geese, g Age, days Group control experienced one 102.4 ± 2.3 101.9 ± 2.5 10 232.7 ± 4.7 268.3 ± 5.1 twenty 589.4 ± 15.6 792.1 ± 17.8 thirty 1341.5 ± 45.8 1583.4 ± 51.2 180 4879.2 ± 102.5 5483.7 ± 104.8

The average daily gain in live weight of geese of the experimental group was 3.36 g higher than in the control, which is 12.7% (table 3). Thus, the use of intestinal mass led to the stimulation of the growth rate and development of geese.

Table 3 The average daily gain in live weight of geese, g / day Age period Group control experienced 1-180 26.54 29.90

At the age of 120 days, poultry farm specialists performed an intravital plucking of geese, the results of which are presented in Table 4. In order not to disturb the livestock, the plucked bird was not mixed with the uninchedged one, and at the end of the procedure, the geese were again collected in two herds.

It should be noted that no bird departure after plucking was observed, and plumage in geese after 1.5 months was almost completely restored. There were no statistically significant differences in the yield of feather and down raw materials from one head, however, the gross yield for the entire livestock in the experimental group was 21.2% higher than that in the control. The reason for this increase was, firstly, the great safety of the geese in the experimental group of 97 animals versus 86 in the control (table 1), and secondly, a slightly higher yield of feather-down material from one head, since the live weight of the experimental bird was higher.

Table 4 The results of intravital pinching of geese Indicator Group control experienced The output of feather-down raw materials from one head, g 41.08 ± 1.3 44.15 ± 1.6 Gross yield for the whole livestock, kg 3,533 4,283

At the age of 180 days, geese were honored, while part of the livestock was left for the tribe, and part was sent for slaughter and sold as carcasses or processed into sausage and canned products. It is important to note that most of the birds of the experimental group were left for the tribe, while in the control almost 50% of the livestock was sent for slaughter. In order to determine the degree of influence of feeding the intestinal mass on the anatomical characteristics of the body of geese, anatomical cutting was performed (table 5). For this, 5 individuals from each group were selected at 180 days of age. The live weight of the geese of the experimental group was 12.4 %% higher than in the control. The mass of gutted carcass in the experimental group exceeded that in the control by 12.2%, while the mass of edible parts was higher by 12.2%, and the individual mass of muscles and bones in the experimental group was greater by 12.0% and 13.2% respectively.

It should be noted that the slaughter yield, as well as the relative values of the above indicators have not changed significantly. Consequently, the use of intestinal mass did not affect the anatomical characteristics of individual organs and components of the carcass, and the reason for the increase in the absolute masses of the gutted carcass, edible parts, muscles and bones is the increase in live weight of geese due to greater feed intake and better absorption of its main nutrients.

Table 5 Results of anatomical cutting of carcasses of geese Indicator Group control experienced Live weight, g 4879.2 ± 102.5 5483.7 ± 104.8 Gutting carcass weight, g (without blood, feather, head, legs, wings, genitals, gastrointestinal tract, except for the muscle stomach, without cuticle) 3098.3 ± 73.8 3476.7 ± 81.6 Slaughter yield,% 63.5 63,4 The mass of edible parts, g (muscles, liver, heart, muscle stomach, kidneys, lungs, skin, subcutaneous and internal fat) 2717.7 ± 54.8 3048.9 ± 62.5 The ratio of the mass of edible parts to live weight,% 55.7 55.6 Muscle mass, g 1592.5 ± 29.4 1783.6 ± 32.7 The ratio of muscle mass to the mass of gutted carcass,% 51,4 51.3 Bone mass, g 721.9 ± 18.6 817.0 ± 22.5 The ratio of bone mass to the mass of gutted carcass,% 23.3 23.5

To determine the degree of influence of the intestinal mass on the chemical composition of the body of geese at 180 days of age, an analysis of the chemical composition of the muscles of geese was carried out (table 6). The results of the studies indicate that the chemical composition of the muscles has not changed significantly, there was some tendency to decrease moisture in the poultry meat of the experimental group relative to the control, while there was a slight increase in the amount of fat and minerals. Differences in the amount of protein were found to be statistically significant, which was 2.06% more in the muscles of the experimental bird than in the control. There were no differences in cholesterol content between the groups, as well as in the number of amino acids such as tryptophan and oxyproline.

Table 6 The chemical composition of goose meat Indicator Group control experienced Protein,% 15.46 ± 0.44 17.52 ± 0.46 Fat% 11.57 ± 0.16 11.63 ± 0.12 Water% 70.43 ± 1.53 68.29 ± 1.28 BEV,% 1.65 1,64 Ash% 0.89 ± 0.05 0.92 ± 0.03 Tryptophan, mg / kg 4089.3 ± 83.4 4157.6 ± 84.7 Oxyproline, mg / kg 483.5 ± 31.2 479.8 ± 28.4 Protein-quality indicator 8.46 8.67 Cholesterol, mg / kg 673.2 ± 11.6 664.9 ± 10.5

Since the increase in the safety and live weight of the birds of the experimental group should have a certain physiological and biochemical justification, the goal was to study the effect of using the intestinal mass on some physiological and biochemical parameters of the blood of geese (table 7). For this, 5 blood samples were taken from each group at 30 and 60 days of age. It should be noted that there was a tendency to increase the main studied parameters in the experimental group, however, statistically significant differences between the groups were observed at 30 days of age in terms of hemoglobin content, which was 13.3% more, lysozyme 27.1%, and total protein by 26.7%, calcium by 5.2% and phosphorus by 7.2%, and the bactericidal activity of the blood serum of the experimental bird exceeded that in the control by 5.7%. By the age of 60 days, this trend has persisted, and statistically significant differences were observed in hemoglobin - 7.4%, total protein - 20.6%, calcium - 28.3% and phosphorus - 20.1%, while the bactericidal activity of blood serum was higher by 4.8%.

Table 7 Some physiological and biochemical parameters of geese blood Indicator Group control experienced age 30 days erythrocytes, 10 ¹² / l 2.65 ± 0.112 2.88 ± 0.143 white blood cells, 10 ⁹ / l 24.39 ± 0.174 24.45 ± 0.182 hemoglobin, g / l 89.4 ± 1.68 101.3 ± 1.42 BASK,% 65.91 ± 0.90 69.98 ± 0.93 lysozyme, mcg / ml 14.12 ± 0.64 17.95 ± 0.78 β-lysine,% 19.79 ± 0.58 20.15 ± 0.42 total protein, g / l 53.2 ± 2.55 67.4 ± 2.78 calcium, mmol / l 3.45 ± 0.034 3.63 ± 0.035 phosphorus, mmol / l 1.95 ± 0.034 2.09 ± 0.031 age 60 days erythrocytes, 10 ¹² / l 2.68 ± 0.145 2.79 ± 0.152 white blood cells, 10 ⁹ / l 25.17 ± 0.193 25.23 ± 0.225 hemoglobin, g / l 106.2 ± 1.17 114.1 ± 1.28 BASK,% 68.79 ± 0.75 72.08 ± 0.79 lysozyme, mcg / ml 10.97 ± 0.59 12.63 ± 0.65 β-lysine,% 10.09 ± 0.72 12.17 ± 0.78 total protein, g / l 57.3 ± 2.34 70.2 ± 2.53 calcium, mmol / l 2.58 ± 0.077 3.31 ± 0.085 phosphorus, mmol / l 2.04 ± 0.083 2.45 ± 0.092

The results of the studies indicate the multifaceted effect of the intestinal mass on the body of geese. The high efficiency of this effect is explained quite simply. It is well known that most warm-blooded animals, including geese, are born with sterile intestines, and much depends on which bacteria are the first to colonize their gastrointestinal tract, while the activity of their own immune-protective systems is still weakly expressed, and the digestive enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract are also actually weakly active. It is for these reasons that the greatest case of goslings is observed in the first 30 days of life. Feeding the intestinal mass of adult clinically healthy gander, we actually introduce the whole complex of normal microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of adult geese into the daily goslings, thereby preventing pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic bacteria from entering the sterile gut goslings and colonizing it, which, as a rule leads to dysbiosis and death of young animals. In addition, in the lumen of the intestines of adult gander, and therefore in the intestinal mass there are many digestive enzymes of both microbial origin and synthesized by the glands of their own glands. Since their digestive enzymes in daily goslings are virtually inactive, the intestinal enzymes freely enter the intestines of young animals and there they actively hydrolyze the main components of the feed. In addition, in the fed intestinal mass, many components of the feed are already in a hydrolyzed state and are easily absorbed by the body of young animals, thereby facilitating the period of adaptation of the bird to new living conditions after hatching. These and other facts are the reason for the decrease in the case of goslings, an increase in their live weight and growth rate.

Thus, in comparison with the prototype of the claimed method has a more powerful and extensive effect on the body of geese, which is expressed in increasing the safety, live weight, output feather-down materials and as a result of the efficiency of growing geese.

Claims (1)

A way to increase the productivity of geese, characterized in that the crushed intestinal mass of adult clinically healthy gander is fed to goslings at a dose of 500 g / 10 kg of feed for the first three days of life.