RU2329637C1 - Combined cabbage harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, equipment.

SUBSTANCE: combined harvester includes cutting device, roller leaf separator, overhauling conveyer, cabbage-stump cutter, and loading elevator. The leaf separator comprises two screw rollers with left- and right-hand coiling accordingly. Screw rollers are axially parallel, with lengthwise gap between them. The gap is equal to the maximum diameter of cabbage-stumps. The surface of leaf separator roller coils features elastic pins. The overhauling conveyer comprises a narrow and a wide sections placed in sequence behind the cutting device. Along the edges of wide conveyer section orifices are made with displacement against the main stream. The orifices are hemmed with steel D-washers with sharp inner edges. On their course a passive knife is installed under the upper conveyer side close to it. A chute guiding cabbage stumps down to the ground is placed under the conveyer. The combined harvester features a device for sorting marketable cabbage-heads out of small unripe ones. The device comprises a drum with spiral coiling. The drum is placed above the tail end of overhaul conveyer.

EFFECT: higher capacity of combined harvester, improved reliability of technological process.

5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to machines for harvesting cabbage.

Known cabbage harvesting machine, mounted on the frame of a cutting apparatus, a system of conveyors for moving products in the car and loading it into an accompanying vehicle [1].

The disadvantage of this machine is that it does not provide for the refinement of products to their presentation.

This disadvantage was eliminated in a cabbage harvester containing a cutting apparatus, a bulkhead conveyor, a poker cutter, a leaf separator and an elevator for loading heading cabbage into a vehicle [2].

In the harvester, the sheet separator is made in the form of a roller with elastic spikes located along the entire cylindrical surface and is installed in the technological transition from the bulkhead conveyor to the elevator for loading heads in the vehicle.

In it, the stoker cutter is presented in the form of a rotating disk with holes for installing heads with long stumps in them, on the bottom of which a passive knife is installed, and on top is a pushing spiral plate. The cutter is installed above the bulkhead conveyor at a height sufficient for free passage of the flow of heads under it.

In this harvester, cabbage leaves, small unripe cabbage, residues of weed vegetation, soil particles, as well as clippings of cuttings after separation from heads in the cutter are delivered to the bulkhead table along with heading cabbages. Particles of soil in accompanying waste, when transported together pollute the heads of cabbage, the product loses its presentation. In addition, the associated waste makes it difficult to head out on a bulkhead conveyor. In addition, small unripe cabbage heads and stumps are manually separated from the head of cabbage on a bulkhead conveyor, which is a time-consuming operation. These shortcomings reduce the performance of the combine. Performance is also reduced due to the limited service area of the disk trimmer. Only one worker can use a disk cutter at a time, so the capacity of the combine is low.

After harvesting, the heads of cabbage fall from the surface of the disc onto the canvas of the bulkhead conveyor after trimming. When falling due to impact, the heads of cabbage are damaged.

In addition, in this combine often heads of cabbage get stuck between the roller and the bulkhead conveyor, creating a blockage to the main flow, which reduces the reliability of the process as a whole.

The aim of the invention is to increase the reliability of the process and the performance of the harvester, as well as reducing the damage and pollution of heads of cabbage.

To achieve this goal in a well-known cabbage harvester containing a cutting device, a roller separator, a bulkhead conveyor, a cutter and a loading elevator, the separator is made of two screw rollers, respectively, with left and right windings, coaxially arranged with a longitudinal gap between them equal to the maximum diameter of the pokers . Moreover, in the sheet separator, elastic spikes are placed on the surface of the turns of the rollers.

In addition, the bulkhead conveyor is made of a narrow and wide sections, respectively arranged sequentially behind the cutting apparatus, and along the periphery of its wide section, holes are arranged offset from the main stream with bordered steel half washers with sharpened inner edges, along the path of which under the upper branch of the conveyor close to a passive knife is mounted on the frame, and below it is a tray for rolling the stokers to the ground.

The harvester is also equipped with a device for separating head of cabbage from small unripe heads of cabbage, made in the form of a drum with screw winding, located above the tail of the bulkhead conveyor.

The execution of the sheet separator from screw rollers with left and right windings allows the heads stuck in the sheet separator to be inserted between the rollers in the gap Δ between the rollers and subsequently sent to the bulkhead conveyor under the action of the flow of other heads. At the same time, the placement of elastic spikes on the turns does not prevent the heads from moving along the rollers in the direction of the gap Δ, at the same time, it allows for better capture and tightening of the accompanying waste into the gap between the rollers and the remote conveyor of the cutting apparatus.

The clearance Δ between the screw rollers, equal to the maximum diameter of the racks, makes it possible to remove all possibly stuck heads from the gap Δ to the bulkhead conveyor, since the stumps of all heads can freely be in the gap Δ.

Performing a bulkhead conveyor from successively located narrow and wide sections and placing holes for installing heads along the periphery of the canvas allows you to free the cutting area of the stumps from the influence of the main stream. This allows you to place heads in the holes of the canvas more intensively, thereby increasing the throughput (productivity) of the combine.

Placing the holes directly on the bulkhead conveyor allows the cabbies to avoid falling from a height after trimming the pokers, which eliminates their damage to this section of the processor’s processing line.

In addition, the capacity of the harvester is increased by supplying it with a device for separating head of cabbage from small unripe cabbage.

In Fig.1 shows a cabbage harvester, side view; figure 2 and figure 3 is the same, respectively, a top view and a rear view, figure 4 - node a in figure 3; figure 5 is a section bB in figure 2 (rotated).

The cabbage harvester contains a two-row cutting apparatus 1 with an external conveyor 2, a leaf separator, a bulkhead conveyor, a separator of head of cabbage from small unripened heads of cabbage and a loading elevator 3 (Figs. 1, 2 and 3).

The sheet separator consists of two screw rollers 4 rotating towards the flow with left and right windings, respectively, mounted coaxially with a gap Δ between themselves behind the remote conveyor 2 of the cutting apparatus 1.

In the separator, the elastic spikes 5 are placed on the surface of the turns of the rollers (figure 4).

The bulkhead conveyor consists of a narrow 6 and a wide 7 sections arranged in series. Along the periphery of a wide section 7 of the bulkhead conveyor, holes 8 are placed offset from the main flow, bordered by steel half washers 9 with sharpened inner edges (Fig. 5). On their way, under the upper branch of the conveyor, a passive knife 10 is installed on the frame, and slightly lower - a tray 11 for rolling the stumps to the ground after separation from the heads of cabbage.

The head of cabbage separator consists of a rotating drum 12 with screw winding, mounted above the tail of the bulkhead conveyor with a clearance sufficient for free passage of small unripe heads in it. Tray 13 is provided for supplying heads of cabbage to the elevator 3.

The combine also has platforms 14 and 15 for workers and a cabin 16 for the driver.

Cabbage harvester works as follows.

When moving the harvester, the cutting apparatus 1 is sent along the rows to be harvested. At the same time, the lifters of the cutting apparatus, copying the topography of the field between the rows, go under the rosette leaves of cabbage and bring the heads of cabbage to the cutting zone. Then the heads of cabbage are cut and fed to the portable conveyor 2.

At the exit of the cutting apparatus, a flow consisting of heads of cabbage, cabbage leaves, plant debris and soil particles passes through screw rollers 4, rotating towards the flow. Here, the accompanying waste is pulled between the rollers 4 and the remote conveyor 2 of the cutting apparatus and falls to the ground, and heads of cabbage roll down to a narrow section 6 of the bulkhead conveyor. If the heads are stuck with a poker in the gap between the external conveyor 2 of the cutting apparatus 1 and the rollers 4, they are immediately guided by winding the latter into the gap Δ and, under the action of the main flow, will be in a narrow section 6 of the bulkhead conveyor.

Heads of cabbage from a narrow section 6 of the bulkhead conveyor enter a wide section 7, however, the flow width remains unchanged, therefore, the location zone of the holes 8 on the periphery of the web on a wide portion 7 of the bulkhead conveyor remains free.

Then the cabbage heads are inspected. At the same time, workers pick out cabbages with long stokers and insert them into holes 8, in which they are subsequently cut off when they meet with a knife 10.

At the end of a wide section 7 of the bulkhead conveyor, the cabbage heads are guided by a drum 12 along the tray 13 to the lower branch of the loading elevator 3, which delivers them to the body of the accompanying vehicle. In this case, small unripened heads of cabbage and leaves of cabbage, separated from the heads of cabbage after pruning, pass under the drum 12 with screw winding and fall to the ground.

The proposed cabbage harvester in comparison with the known increases the reliability of the process and productivity, reduces damage and contamination of heads of cabbage.

Information sources

1. USSR author's certificate No. 173515, cl. A01D 45/26.

2. USSR copyright certificate No. 1037868, cl. A01D 45/26.

Claims (4)

1. Cabbage harvester comprising a cutting apparatus, a roller separator with elastic spikes, a bulkhead conveyor, a stoker cutter and a loading elevator, characterized in that the separator is made of two screw rollers having respectively left and right windings and arranged coaxially with the longitudinal clearance between them, equal to the maximum diameter of the pokers, and the bulkhead conveyor is made of narrow and wide sections located sequentially behind the cutting apparatus, and along the periphery of its A wide section is placed with an offset from the main flow of the hole. 2. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that in the leaf separator elastic spikes are placed on the surface of the turns of the rollers. 3. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the holes made on a wide section of the bulkhead conveyor are bordered by steel half-washers with sharpened inner edges, along the path of which a passive knife is mounted on the frame under the upper branch of the conveyor, and a rolling tray below Kocherig to the ground. 4. The harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a device for separating head of cabbage from small unripe heads of cabbage, made in the form of a drum with screw winding located above the tail of the bulkhead conveyor.

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