EA016774B1 - Cabbage harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to the harvesting machinery and can be used for mechanical harvesting of cabbage. The task of the present invention is to simplify the design of the harvester, reduce labor intensity and improve the quality of cabbage harvesting for sale and storage. The set task is achieved due to the fact that the cabbage harvester (lifter) containing a cutting unit, a cabbage stripper, the grading, sling, accompanying (feeding) and unloading conveyors, has the cutting unit made with two rotating circular knifes (discs) with adjustable gap between the sling and accompanying conveyors, as well as between the stripper rollers and the conveyor, with the cutting unit containing a device for adjusting the length of cut cabbage stumps, and the harvester control panel is installed in the tractor cab. The offered cabbage harvester (lifter) has a simple design; the harvesting process is controlled from the cab; the cut stumps come out flat and smooth in accordance with the agronomic standards; the labor intensity and material costs are reduced in harvesting for sale and storage of cabbage.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to harvesting machines, and can be used for mechanized harvesting cabbage.

Known cabbage harvester MSK-1 for mechanized continuous harvesting of cabbage with simultaneous loading into a transport consisting of a frame, a cutting apparatus, a receiving conveyor, a leaf separator, a receiving table, an unloading elevator, a towing device, a drive mechanism and a platform for workers [1].

The main condition for the operation of this harvester is the uniformity of the plot and the crests of the rows, which requires additional labor. In addition, during harvesting, cabbage heads are injured in the process of leaf separation and cutting of the stump.

Known cabbage harvester, consisting of a cutting apparatus, a roller separator, bulkhead conveyor, knives cutter pokers, loading elevator and a cab for the driver [2].

The disadvantage of this machine is that the cutting device is not equipped with a device for adjusting the length of the cut of the stumps. Heads of long stokers are selected by workers who cut them with knives, after inserting the stokers into the holes in the bulkhead. This increases the complexity of harvesting cabbage: workers are required to control the length of the cut of the poker and the tertiary treatment of heads of cabbage from covering leaves. The harvester is served by 4 people.

In the cutting apparatus there are two knives that cut the stump. But the speed of movement of the knives is not high enough, as a result of which the slice is oblique, and sometimes ragged, which is unacceptable by agrotechnical requirements for harvesting cabbage.

This combine is equipped with a device for separating head of cabbage from small unripe, made in the form of a drum with screw winding, located above the tail of the bulkhead conveyor. The disadvantage is that the whole cut cabbage of the row enters the bulkhead conveyor, which increases the complexity of cleaning.

The harvester is equipped with a cabin with a mechanism for controlling the working bodies for the operator, which makes the unit cumbersome.

The objective of the invention is to simplify the design of the harvester, reducing the complexity and improving the quality of harvesting cabbage for sale and storage.

The problem is achieved in that in a cabbage harvester containing a cutting apparatus, a leaf separator, bulkhead, sling, escort and unloading conveyors, the cutting apparatus is made with two rotating circular knives with the ability to adjust the same clearance between the sling and accompanying conveyors, as well as between the breaker rollers and conveyor, while the cutting apparatus contains a device for adjusting the length of the cut of the pokers, and the control panel of the combine is installed in the tractor cab .

Setting the necessary gap between the sling and accompanying conveyors, adjusting the required roll height above the conveyor and the bulkhead conveyor makes it possible to reject non-standard small heads before feeding to the bulkhead conveyor.

The cutting apparatus contains a device for adjusting the length of the cut of the poker, which is necessary for harvesting cabbage for sale and storage.

The stump cut is smooth due to the high rotational speed of the circular knives.

The technological process of harvesting: direction in a row, raising, lowering the cutting apparatus, control of the unloading conveyor, is carried out by the tractor operator using the remote control installed in the tractor cabin.

In FIG. 1 shows a cabbage harvester, side view;

in FIG. 2 - the same, top view;

in FIG. 3 - a device for adjusting the length of the cut of the poker.

The cabbage harvester consists of a frame 1, a cutting apparatus 2, a leaf separator 3, a conveyor 4, a breaker roller 5 and a breaker roller 6, a bulk conveyor 7, an unloading conveyor 8, a platform for a picker 9, lifters 10, circular knives 11 for trimming pokers, lanyards 12 , rods 13, guides 14, sling conveyor 15, accompanying conveyor 16, sidewalls 17, grooves 18, controller 19, gearboxes 20, hydraulic motor 21, control panel of the combine 22.

Cabbage harvester works as follows.

First you need to set the necessary clearance A (equal to the minimum diameter of the head) between the sling conveyor 15 and the accompanying conveyor 16. For this, grooves 18 are cut in the sidewalls 17 for adjustment. The same gap A must be established between the breaker roll 5 and the conveyor 4, the breaker roll 6 and the bulkhead conveyor 7 by means of the regulator 19. The lifters 10 of the cutting apparatus 2, copying the relief of the field, go under the rosette leaves of cabbage, level the head. Next, the cabbage along the guides 14 goes to the circular knives 11 to cut the poker. The hydraulic motor 21 through the gears 20 causes the rotary knives 11 to rotate, ensuring their high speed, which gives an even and smooth (nervous) cut of the stump. When changing the length of the turnbuckles 12 installed on the sidewalls 17, the rod 13 bends the guide 14, setting the required cut length of the stoker with circular knives 11. Then, between these conveyors, the cabbages enter the fox

- 1 016774 separator 3 and by means of a breaker roller 5 are sent to a bulkhead conveyor 7, where low-quality heads of cabbage are selected. One brute force is enough for this. Then, with the help of a breaker roller 6, the product enters the unloading conveyor 8 and then for loading into the vehicle. The combine is controlled from the tractor cabin by the tractor operator using the combine control panel 22.

The proposed cabbage harvester has a simple design, the harvesting process is controlled from the tractor cabin, the cut of the stump is smooth and smooth in accordance with agricultural standards, labor costs and material costs during harvesting for the sale and storage of cabbage are reduced.

Information sources

1. G.D. Petrov, P.V. Beketov Mechanization of cultivation and harvesting vegetables. 1983, p. 138-147.

2. Copyright certificate KI 2329637 C1 (prototype).

Claims (3)

CLAIM 1. Kapustouborochny harvester containing shearing machine, separator, pereborochny, sling, accompanying and unloading conveyors, characterized in that the cutting device is made with two rotating circular blades with the ability to adjust the same gap between the sling and accompanying conveyors, as well as between the roll rollers and the conveyor . 2. Harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting apparatus contains a device for adjusting the length of the cut stumps. 3. Harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a control panel of a combine mounted in the tractor cabin.