RU15253U1 - CABBAGE HARVEST - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Cabbage harvester containing a cutting apparatus mounted on the frame, consisting of a receiving and leveling mechanism, including feed and leveling screws, and a clamping sling conveyor, and a cutting mechanism, including a cutting element, mounted on levers of vertical shafts mounted on brackets with longitudinal grooves and having a drive from a crank mechanism, as well as a cross conveyor of a chain-rod type with U-shaped rods, and an unloading conveyor of a chain-rod-comb type with an up and down branch, inclined downward at an angle of 20 ± 5 degrees to the horizontal, characterized in that the cutting apparatus is equipped with retaining wedge-shaped toothed belts following the leveling screws, the contours of which are installed in the housings, and pressure belts with guide rollers located with the possibility of ensuring the slipping of the belts and the front on the surface of the heads and pressing the leaves in the main part to the holding belts, and the cutting element is equipped with two cutting knives, one of which of which is mounted above the holding belts and serves to cut the heads of cabbage, and the other underneath to cut the cabbages, both cutting knives are equipped with tensioning devices, a guide for feeding the heads is installed behind the cutting mechanism, and a belt conveyor for shipment of leaves and a trolley are installed behind the cutting device bunker for collecting by-products. 2. A cabbage harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting mechanism has a corrector-guard mounted in front of the upper cutting knife with the possibility of providing a cut of the head from the leg�

Description

K r D p Hood harvester solution Te xy1FSh.S. © belongs to the field of agriculture, in particular cabbage harvesting machines. Known katsustochny combine MGK-1, the contents of the cutting appaat with entry and leveling augers, with a sling conveyor and suit knives; feed conveyor, screw tia sheet separator, control table for heading and unloading elevator, JH. With direct combining, the inlet augers inflate the heads of cabbage, which are leveled by the main augers and, using a sling conveyor, are fed to the cut with disk knives, then they are sent to the sheet separator, to the cabbage processing table by the feed conveyor, and to the transport by the elevator. The main disadvantages of this cabbage harvester are: poor product quality due to an unstable cut of an unsecured head of cabbage with circular cutting knives, in front of which there is free space that contributes to an oblique cut of head of cabbage, as well as injury to head of cabbage on a screw sheet separator and conveyors; - up to 1 non-standard products and up to 75 / rosette leaves are lost in the field; “Low productivity and (... 0.20 ha / h) and high labor costs (three personnel), Also known are capushion-cleaning machines of the USh4-2 type, with cutting devices of the keyboard type, a grim-unloading elevator made of central, horizontally receiving and inclined unloading sections, with hatches closed by covers, leaf separators made in the form of several rollers with elastic spikes 1G and counter winding and longitudinal counter-rotating screws with elastic spikes, with an additional cutter pokers and nkerom custom cabbages, fsl. When the UKM-2 machine moves along rows of plants for single-phase cleaning, the keys of the cutting apparatus ending with bottom segmented knives and receiving reciprocating movements: forward and backward from the crank Erivoda, the cabbages are oriented along and along the height, and the cabbages are cut by segment knives at the moment of preloading them from above with drum sling conveyors. A heap consisting of marketable and non-marketable heads of cabbage and a leaf enters the transverse leaf separator. Then the conveyor belt moves the heads on the bottom to the inclined section of the elevator. Workers located on the sides of the elevator remove heads of cabbage with elongated poker and foliage: poker20001081b; h:;;: iilljllllipi iiiliilii M. Kp. A01 D 43/26

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ry trimmings with the help of trimmers, and the exact leaves of the extra rose are broken off manually, and the non-productive heads of cabbage are dumped into the rotary bins. Next, heads of cabbage go to a longitudinal sheet separator, elastic trays, and into the transport, and leaves from another tray, the paddles to the ground. The main disadvantages of this machine are:

-Low technological reliability of frequent clogging of cutting devices that come from undercutting when increasing / speed or from getting weeds; in this case, mass unloading occurs. This is facilitated by the counter rotating roller of the separator

- The cabbage leaf is lost in the field,

- The productivity of the machine is low, since the working speed cannot be more than 2.5 km / h due to clogging of the key cutting apparatus. Labor costs are large, since the unit requires at least three T11 people of staff.

The closest technical solution selected as a prototype is a cabbage harvester. f 3 1,

The cabbage harvesting machine contains a screw-type cutting apparatus, having feed and leveling screws, a slender slender conveyor, a cutting element in the form of a gear belt passing through the slots of the main screws and mounted on the lower arms of the vertical shafts, driven by a crank mechanism, mounting brackets for mounting the vertical shafts with fodolny grooves; a transport tray located opposite the cutting element immediately behind it, as well as a transverse conveyor of a chain-type type with U-shaped coats with an alternate arrangement of convexity; an unloading conveyor is a chain-type g of 0) weft-comb type with combs having a bent end part and with a branch branch located downward from the horizon at an angle of 2015 degrees,

When the katsustochny harvester moves along a row of cabbages, the input augers of the cutting apparatus catch and lift the cabbages, which are pressed on top by a strained conveyor and are guided by the leveling augers along the path and in height, resting on the surface of the augers, they are fed to the cutting element. The tape cutting element, being fixed in the lower levers of vertical shafts with an oscillating guide, performs back-arc movements, applying side sliding strokes with a jog along the stoker, cut off the head which falls on the tray located opposite the knife, and the stoker is under the tray and falls to the ground. Under the action of the clamping sling conveyor, the cut-off head is rolled along the tray and fed to the transverse conveyor, and - to the unloading branch and its discharge branch - to the vehicle.

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the disadvantages of the machine are.

-Machine does not produce finished products, i.e. non-tight leaves remain on the heads of cabbage, which requires the use of rcts of refinement of cabbage,

and it increases labor costs,

-When harvesting, part of the leaves and non-standard heads of cabbage, representing a certain value, are lost: mainly, succulent livestock feed.

The technical task is to create a machine that ensures the production of finished products, i.e., peeled leaves of heads of cabbage, with minimal damage, with the collection of the entire biological crop, suitable for use, and the minimum possible labor costs.

The technical task is solved by the fact that a cabbage harvester is included that is mounted on the frame: a cutting device consisting of a leveling mechanism, including feed and leveling screws and a slender conveyor belt, and a cutting mechanism including a cutting element mounted on levers vertical shafts mounted on brackets with longitudinal grooves and having a grivod from the crank mechanism; as well as a cross conveyor of a chain-gruntovy type with U-shaped rods, and an unloading conveyor of a chain-gruntovy-comb type with a raising and bending branch, inclined downward at an angle of 20 + 5 degrees to the horizon; in this case, following the leveling screws of the cutting apparatus, two additional contours of the retaining V-toothed belts located in the casings and two contours of the clamping belts with guide rollers arranged to allow the belts to slide in the front part along the upper surface of the heads and press the leaves in the main part to holding belts, And the cutting element is equipped with two cutting knives: one of which is installed with holding belts and serves to cut the heads of cabbage, and the other - under the niches - for for stumps., with two cutting knives are provided with tensioning devices. A head guide is placed behind the cutting mechanism of the cutting apparatus, and a belt conveyor for shipment of leaves and a bunker trolley for side production are installed behind the cutting apparatus. To ensure the cut of heads with a leg for a given length, a corrector-shield is installed in front of the upper cutting knife of the cutting mechanism, which lifts low recessed heads and prevents the impact of the cutting knife on the pressure belts.

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The crab harvester contains the following mounted on the frame: a cutting device 1 (FIG. 1), consisting of a receiving-leveling mechanism, including a feed 2, V leveling 3 screws and a clamping conveyor 4; cutting mechanism 5, including cutting elements 6, as well as two contours of holding belts 7 and creasing belts 8, belt conveyor of leaves S, trolley-hopper by-products 10, transverse conveyor C, unloading conveyor lE, main drive 0 from the aggregate tractor fourteen.

The cutting apparatus 1 (Fig. E) receives the drive from the tractor through the cardan gears 1 and 16, The feed screws 2 are connected to the leveling screws 3 by the angle gears 17, which are driven by the bevel gears 18, which are driven by a chain gear 19, from the drive shaft 20 ,

Immediately after leveling, they are screw 3, under the sling conveyor 4, retaining V-belt gear belts 7 are installed, having driven 21, clamping 22 and driving (they are tension) pulleys 25; the contours of the belts are located in the casings 24 (Fig, 5), the belt drive is provided from bevel gears and gears. Above the holding belts 7 (Fig. 2,3), there are squeezing clamping belts 8 having guide rollers 25 arranged so that the front contours of the belts form an extension, then, in the main part, run parallel to the holding belts, and in the back have drive rollers located on a common shaft 26 with a chain drive gear. With the brackets of the lower front front rollers 25 are connected an E7 corrector rod located above the lower branch of the clamping belt contour and under the upper cutting knife, with the possibility of its longitudinal and vertical movement,

The cutting element 6 of the cutting mechanism 5 has two cutting knives: 28 and 29, one of which is mounted above the holding straps 7 and serves to cut the heads, and the other under them - to cut the stumps: (Fig. 2-5), both cutting knives equipped with tensioning devices 30, for example, special screws. Cutting knives made in the form of notched tape segments are fixed on levers 31 and 32 of vertical 33 and 34 mounted on angular contact bearings mounted on brackets with 35 € grooves for vertical displacement relative to the frame during installation adjustment, for this the lower knife levers are fixed with the possibility of vertical movement relative to the shaft, and the drive shaft has a rocker 36 to provide a reverse-rotation movement obtained from the connecting rod 37 (Fig, 4) with spherical joints and an adjustable length, receiving of vibrations from the crank drive gear 38.

Behind the cutting mechanism, a head of cabbage feeding nafigel 59 is installed (Fig. 2), which is a skid installed in height along the center of the heads of cabbage and etching them onto the transverse conveyor, letting the leaves coming from below, And behind the cutting device, a leaf conveyor 9 made of grozin rubber tape is installed with protrusions, it has a chain drive with a gearbox 40, is equipped with sides and a reflector for uniform loading of the bunker cart 10, which is a dump tractor trailer,

Paj OTaeT Cabbage Harvester as follows,

The cutting apparatus is heated in a row of cabbage. The heads of cabbage falling into the target between the entry screws 2, due to their rotation in the opposite sides, rise and are oriented along the axis of the cutting apparatus and are sent to the gap between the leveling screws w 3 and are pressed from above by the pressure conveyor 4, since the feed of the screws and the speed of movement of the pressure conveyor are synchronized With the translational speed of the combine, the whole machine moves relative to the heads rooted in the soil. Due to the inclination of the screws to the horizon, the heads, as they move to the shearing mechanism, are supported from below by the screws and thereby are aligned in height,

The aligned heads of cabbage are grabbed by the retaining belts 7 by the stokers, freed from the action of the sling conveyor 4 and are influenced by the straps, which, superimposed on the cabbage head from above, slide from it from two sides, make-up non-fitting leaves, Lower cutting knife W (fig.) Due to the hinge fastening on the levers 31.32 vertical shafts 33.34, during operation it makes a back-arc movement, inflicts side sliding strokes with a drawstring attached to the holding belts 7, and cuts off the lower part of the fish 4 (FIG. 5), contaminated soil. Head out with. it is held by gear belts 7 and at the moment of cutting the lower part of the poker. It rests with its lower surface on the corrector-guard 27, which prevents it from turning from the action of the lower knife, it is brought under the upper knife, which makes exactly the same movements as the lower one in the opposite phase, and is cut off them on top of the leaves pressed out with grilled belts. The possibility of vertical movement of the knives Ж and S, as well as the installation of the corrector-shield 27, allows you to cut the head in the right place relative to its lower supporting surface, excluding damage and achieving the required length of the leg remaining at the head.

Kocherig belts are moved by them and the clamping wheels Ш decide along the trough-like skeleton of the cutting apparatus to its rear part, where they fall into the receiver of the belt conveyor of leaves 9 and are unloaded into the trailed dump truck 10, from which they are unloaded at the edge of the field or transported to the consumption meter,

To reduce believe, injure and produce high quality products, the combine has a number of technological adjustments. By moving the support wheel of the cutting device, its stroke height is adjusted; depending on the foliage of the heads, you can change the height of the position of the retaining belts relative to the leveling augers; i.e., higher or lower, grab the head of the head; by shifting the upper knife together with the shaft and the lower - relative to the shaft - they achieve an exact cut of the poker and the head; shifting the corrector-shit in the horizontal and vertical planes reduces the likelihood of injury

heads of cabbage. Actuators have appropriate technical adjustments.

The use of the harvester allows one to obtain high-quality products: heads of cabbage without loose leaves, no injuries, with an even cut of the stalk of a given length, leaf mass without the lower parts of the stumps, and therefore not contaminated with soil, which is figurative for further processing or fodder. This is achieved by the fact that: inlet and leveling augers in combination with a sling conveyor head cabbages are actively picked up with a spread in a row ..ZOSm and they allow losses of unmade heads up to 2 percent; fixing the heads with retaining belts with a serrated notch allows the cutter to be cut in a predetermined place, and the combination of two flat-cutting knives in one cutting mechanism, together with the simplification of the drive, allows both the head and the poker to be cut. Virtually all Katsusta harvest usable is removed from the field in one lorry: moreover, pure by-products are delivered to a separate tank, and heads of cabbage are loaded into nearby transport. The design of the machine provides devices that minimize injury to the heads of cabbage. The whole cleaning process is monitored by one person - the machine operator controlling the tractor. Using the harvester will allow at least-15 times to reduce labor costs compared to manual cleaning

Claims (2)

1. Cabbage harvester containing a cutting apparatus mounted on the frame, consisting of a receiving and leveling mechanism, including feed and leveling screws, and a clamping sling conveyor, and a cutting mechanism, including a cutting element, mounted on levers of vertical shafts mounted on brackets with longitudinal grooves and having a drive from a crank mechanism, as well as a cross conveyor of a chain-rod type with U-shaped rods, and an unloading conveyor of a chain-rod-comb type with an up and down branch, inclined downward at an angle of 20 ± 5 degrees to the horizontal, characterized in that the cutting apparatus is equipped with retaining wedge-shaped toothed belts following the leveling screws, the contours of which are installed in the housings, and pressure belts with guide rollers located with the possibility of ensuring the slipping of the belts and the front on the surface of the heads and pressing the leaves in the main part to the holding belts, and the cutting element is equipped with two cutting knives, one of which of which is mounted above the holding belts and serves to cut the heads of cabbage, and the other underneath to cut the cabbages, both cutting knives are equipped with tensioning devices, a guide for feeding the heads is installed behind the cutting mechanism, and a belt conveyor for shipment of leaves and a trolley are installed behind the cutting device bunker for collecting by-products. 2. Cabbage harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting mechanism has a corrector-guard mounted in front of the upper cutting knife with the ability to provide a head cut with a leg of a given length and protect the belts from the action of the cutting knife.