RU2323274C1 - Apparatus for breaking electrolyte skin in aluminum cells - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanization means for electrolytic production of aluminum, namely apparatuses for breaking electrolyte skin in aluminum cells.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus includes chassis with control cabin, supporting frame, base in the form of isosceles trapezium supporting rotary table with sleeve joined with base and with gaskets arranged between base and table. The last is driven to rotation by means of hydraulic cylinder. Table is provided with guides for moving housing on them, for example on rollers by means of hydraulic cylinder. Carrying boom joined with fork provided with damper springs and with balance beam joined with rod of hydraulic cylinder for lifting and descending boom is mounted on said housing. Deflecting attachment with pike in its end is secured to boom. Boom is provided in addition with mechanism for rotating it around its own axis; said mechanism may be in the form of pivot mounted in housing. One end of said pivot is jointly coupled with boom and its other end through lever rigidly mounted on pivot is jointly coupled with rod of hydraulic cylinder. Control cabin may be provided with protection shield.

EFFECT: enlarged manufacturing possibilities due to using additional mechanisms providing change of spatial position of boom with deflection attachment, possibility for breaking skin in hard-to-form places.

6 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to mechanization means for the electrolytic production of aluminum.

When aluminum is obtained by electrolysis of cryolite-alumina melts, a hard crust is formed on the surface of the melt in the “board-anode” space, which must be periodically destroyed in accordance with the requirements of the technology.

A device for destroying the crust of an electrolyte in electrolytic cells for producing aluminum, comprising a self-propelled carriage with a vertical frame and an arrow mounted on it, made with the possibility of raising and lowering it, and a jacking device in which the frame is mounted on the side of the carriage, the arrow is mounted on the frame and is made with the possibility of advancement by means of rotary rods, the centers of rotation of the rotary rods in the upper part are displaced vertically relative to each other, a rebound is set on the free end of the boom A fixture made in the form of a transmission spring vibration hammer, consisting of a vibration exciter mounted on the free end of a spring-loaded swing beam, a hydraulic motor and peaks, while the elastic connection between the vibration exciter and the boom is made in the form of a spring.

In the second embodiment of the above device, the fender is made in the form of a transmission spring vibration hammer, consisting of a dual-shaft vibration exciter, on which the unbalances are asymmetrically located, and connection nodes consisting of guide rods, springs, bushings and a locking device, while the elastic coupling between the vibration exciter and the peak is carried out by means of guide rods and springs (RF patent No. 2128248, C25C 3 / 14.1997) [1]).

In the known device, the boom, on which the fender is mounted with a lance at the end, is equipped with lifting, lowering, longitudinal extension mechanisms, as well as a rotation mechanism around its axis, which extends the technological capabilities of the device when processing the electrolytic cell crust. However, the significant overall dimensions of the installation impede its operation in the cramped conditions of the electrolysis cell. In addition, the treatment of the crust is difficult, and in some places impossible, when automatic alumina feeding systems are installed on the electrolyzer.

A device for destroying the crust of an electrolyte on electrolytic cells for producing aluminum, comprising a self-propelled trolley, a working body made with the possibility of raising and lowering, and a vibrator in which the working body is made in the form of an arrow mounted on a trolley on which a spring-loaded rotary beam is pivotally mounted a fender device in the form of a cutter (or peaks, or tamper) at its free end, and the vibrator is made in the form of a transmission vibration exciter and is mounted on a beam from above, while the fender in autonomous arranged to move perpendicular extension unit pivotally and the drive of the baffle device is formed as a hydraulic drive (RF patent 2116385 №, S25S 3/14, 1998 YG) [2].

The working body of the known device is equipped with mechanisms for raising, lowering and articulated extension perpendicular to the device, providing processing (destruction) of cryolite-alumina crust in a fairly limited space. When equipping the electrolyzer with modern technological equipment, for example, automatic alumina (APG) feeding systems equipped with bunkers installed above the electrolysis bath, it is extremely difficult to process the crust at the APG installation sites, and in some places processing using the known device is practically impossible.

By technical nature, the presence of similar features of this device is taken as the closest analogue to the proposed solution.

The objective of the proposed solution is to increase the efficiency of the device for punching the crust.

The technical results are to increase the maneuverability of the installation, expanding the technological capabilities of the device for punching the crust.

Technical results are achieved by the fact that in the device for destroying the crust of the electrolyte in electrolytic cells for producing aluminum, comprising a chassis with a control cabin, equipped with a mechanism for raising and lowering the boom carrying the fender, and a mechanism for extending the boom in a direction perpendicular to the chassis, the chassis is equipped with a power frame on which the base is rigidly fixed, equipped with a mechanism for turning the boom in a horizontal plane, made in the form of a rotary table on which rigid metal is mounted the housing with a boom and a jacking device, while the mechanism for extending the boom in a direction perpendicular to the stroke of the device is equipped with two guides along which the body of the arrow with the jacking device moves, and the mechanism for raising and lowering the arrow is made in the form of a rocker arm, one arm of which is connected to the hydraulic cylinder rod, and the second is connected to the supporting boom by means of a fork provided in the upper part with at least two damper springs, while the supporting boom is additionally equipped with a mechanical zm rotation around its longitudinal axis.

Besides:

- the rotation mechanism of the carrier boom about its longitudinal axis can be made in the form of a support axis mounted in the housing, the axis being pivotally connected to the boom by one end and pivotally connected to the rod of the hydraulic cylinder by the lever fixed to the axis of the lever;

- the boom body can move along the guides on the rollers;

- the rotary table may be provided with gaskets made of a material with a low coefficient of friction, for example, from PCB;

- the base can be made in the form of an isosceles trapezoid;

- the control cabin can be equipped with a protective screen.

The technical essence of the proposed solution is as follows. Maneuverability, small dimensions of the proposed device for the destruction of the crust of the electrolyte are provided by the rational layout of all nodes and mechanisms based on the power frame. The expansion of the technological capabilities of the device is achieved by the installation of additional mechanisms that ensure a change in the spatial position of the boom with a jacking device. The mechanism of rotation of the boom in the horizontal plane, made in the form of a rotary table, allows you to quickly adjust the position of the punch in the space "board-anode". The mechanism of rotation of the boom around its longitudinal axis, made in the form of a support axis installed in the housing and connected to the boom and rod of the hydraulic cylinder, allows you to quickly adjust the angle of attack of the punch. The presence of such additional mechanisms makes it possible to process the crust in hard-to-reach places, for example, in places where APG systems are installed.

The mechanisms of spatial changes in the position of the working body are driven by a system of hydraulic cylinders. The presence in the mechanism of raising and lowering the boom of the damper springs, the presence of articulated joints of the boom with the mechanisms of its spatial movement can practically eliminate the transmission of vibration to the cab for control, as well as increase the period of overhaul operation of the device.

Comparison of the proposed device with the closest analogue revealed the presence of a number of similar features:

- both devices are designed to destroy the crust of the electrolyte in electrolytic cells to produce aluminum;

- both devices move along the side of the cell on the chassis with a control cabin;

- both devices are equipped with a mechanism for raising and lowering the boom;

- both devices are equipped with a boom extension mechanism in a direction perpendicular to the chassis travel.

The proposed solution is characterized by the following features distinct from the closest analogue:

- the chassis is equipped with a power frame with a base, within which are mounted as an arrow with a jacking device, and all the nodes and mechanisms of the spatial movement of the boom, while the base can be made in the form of an isosceles trapezoid;

- the device is equipped with a mechanism for turning the boom in the horizontal plane, made in the form of a rotary table mounted on the base, while the table can be equipped with gaskets from a material with a low coefficient of friction, for example, from PCB;

- the carrier boom is equipped with a rotation mechanism around its longitudinal axis, which can be made in the form of a support axis mounted in the housing, the axis being pivotally connected to the boom by one end and pivotally connected to the hydraulic cylinder rod by the other end, rigidly fixed to the lever axis;

- the boom extension mechanism consists of two guides mounted on a turntable and along which the body moves, with an arrow and a jacking device, while the body can be moved on rollers;

- the mechanism for raising and lowering the boom is made in the form of a beam, one shoulder of which is connected to the rod of the hydraulic cylinder, and the second is connected to the supporting boom by means of a fork equipped with at least two damper springs in the upper part.

The proposed technical solution is characterized by features that are similar to those of the closest analogue, and distinctive features, which allows us to conclude that it meets the patentability condition of "novelty."

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solutions with known solutions in this technical field, identified in the search process for patent documentation, shows the following.

1. Concerning the sign - the presence of a power frame and its placement.

It is known to install an arrow with a fender attached to it on a vertical hinged frame mounted on the side of a self-propelled cart and which is part of the spatial movement of the arrow with the fender [1].

In the proposed solution, the frame on the chassis is a rigid power element on which all components and mechanisms are mounted, while the frame is mounted horizontally.

2. Concerning the sign - the mechanism of raising and lowering the boom.

It is known that the mechanism for raising and lowering the boom using articulated joints and a drive in the form of a hydraulic cylinder [1].

A device for punching a crust of an electrolyte of an aluminum electrolysis cell, made in the form of a articulated lever mechanism with a hydraulic actuator and a hammer, mounted on a self-propelled cart with a rack, in which the articulated lever mechanism is made of two parallelograms equipped with an independent hydraulic actuator, one of which is suspended from the upper end of the rack and the hammer is mounted on the free end of the second parallelogram. The boom is raised and lowered by a hinged-lever mechanism using hydraulic cylinders (AS USSR No. 624960, C25C 3/14, 1978) [3].

A device for destroying the crust of an electrolyte in electrolysis cells for producing aluminum, including a self-propelled carriage with an arrow mounted on it, made with the possibility of raising and lowering it and equipped with a jacking device, in which the arrow is equipped with a mechanism to ensure its rotation and / or movement relative to the longitudinal axis and axis perpendicular to it. Raising and lowering the boom is carried out using the lifting mechanism of the forklift, on the basis of which the device is mounted (USSR patent No. 639460, C25C 3/14, 1978) [4].

A device is known for cutting the periphery of a self-burning anode of an aluminum electrolyzer with an upper current supply, comprising a self-propelled carriage, an arrow made with the possibility of raising and lowering and articulating extension perpendicular to the course of the carriage mounted on the carriage, and a working body made in the form of a knife mounted on an arrow and having a rotary mechanism for changing the angle of application in the vertical plane, while the working body has a rotation mechanism around its axis, the device is equipped with a platform, ying movable along an axis parallel to the course of the device on which the boom is fastened to the working body. The boom is raised and lowered by the articulated lever mechanism using hydraulic cylinders (RF patent No. 2167959 C25C 3/10, 2001) [5].

In the proposed solution, in the presence of articulated joints and a hydraulic cylinder, the layout of the mechanism for raising and lowering the boom has a fundamental structural difference, namely, it is made in the form of a beam, one shoulder of which is connected to the rod of the hydraulic cylinder, and the second is connected to the supporting boom by means of a fork provided in the upper part of at least than two damper springs. This embodiment of the mechanism prevents the transmission of vibration from the fender to the mechanisms of the device and the chassis.

3. Concerning the sign - the mechanism of extension of the arrow.

It is known that the mechanism for extending the boom in the direction of the electrolyzer in the form of a hinged-lever system equipped with a hydraulic cylinder [1, 3].

Known telescopic mechanism for extending the boom, consisting of two parts, driven by a hydraulic cylinder [4].

It is known that the mechanism for moving the boom along an axis parallel to the course of the device is in the form of a platform with an arrow fixed to it with a working body that moves with the help of a hydraulic cylinder along two guide rods rigidly fixed to the chassis frame [5].

In the proposed solution, the extension of the boom in the direction perpendicular to the chassis is carried out by moving the housing on which the boom is mounted, along two guides on the support-thrust rollers using a hydraulic cylinder.

4. Concerning the sign - the mechanism of rotation of the boom around its longitudinal axis.

A device is known, equipped with a mechanism for turning the boom with a jack device around the longitudinal axis of the boom. The arrow rotates, as a whole, in the bracket by means of a hydraulic cylinder [4].

It is known that the mechanism of rotation of the working tool around its axis in the form of a rotary hydraulic motor and a gear pair [5].

In the proposed device, the rotation mechanism of the boom around its longitudinal axis is made in the form of a support axis installed in the housing, on which the boom with the bending device is placed, the axis being pivotally connected to the boom at one end and pivotally connected to the arm with the other end hydraulic cylinder rod. The presence of such a mechanism for changing the position of the jacking device also increases the technological capabilities of the device, allows for the processing of the crust in hard-to-reach places, for example, in the places where bunkers for APG systems are installed.

5. Concerning the sign - the mechanism of rotation of the boom in the horizontal plane.

It is known to perform a rotary platform with an arrow placed on it in a self-propelled vehicle for servicing an electrolyzer for producing aluminum (USSR patent No. 1838452, С25С 3/14, 1993) [6].

The proposed device is also equipped with a mechanism for turning the boom in the horizontal plane, made in the form of a rotary table, which extends the technological capabilities of the device, allows you to process the crust sector without moving the chassis and reconfiguring the working body. But in the proposed solution, the rotary table is at the same time the supporting element of the boom extension mechanism.

The above comparative analysis and the presence in the proposed solution of unknown features, the use of which together with the known features allows to obtain higher technical and economic results, expressed in a significant expansion of the technological capabilities of the device, increasing work efficiency and increasing its service life, allow us to conclude that the proposed technical solutions to the condition of patentability of the invention "inventive step".

The proposed device for destroying the crust of the electrolyte in electrolytic cells for aluminum production (Figs. 1 and 2) consists of a chassis 1 with a control cabin 2, a power frame 3 mounted on the chassis 1, a base 4 mounted on the frame 3 and made in the form of an isosceles trapezoid, on which a rotary table 5 is installed, provided with a sleeve 6 and gaskets made of textolite 7. On the rotary table 5, equipped with a hydraulic cylinder 8, guides 9 are installed along which, for example, on the rollers 10 using a hydraulic cylinder 11 a rigid metal body is moved with 12, on which the supporting boom 13 is fixed, connected to the fork 14, equipped with damper springs 15. The fork 14 is connected by a rocker 16 to the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 17, which raises and lowers the boom 13. The boom 13 is fixed to the boom 13, at the end of which a peak is fixed 19. The boom is additionally equipped with a rotation mechanism around its longitudinal axis, which can be made in the form of a support axis 20 mounted in the housing 12, one end of which is pivotally connected to the boom 13, and the other by means of a rigidly fixed to the axis of the lever 21 is pivotally connected to the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 22. The control cabin may be provided with a protective screen 23.

The device operates as follows.

The chassis is parallel to the longitudinal side of the processed cell. The rigid metal housing 12 with the boom 13 fixed to it with the baffle 18 along the guides 9 on the rollers 10 is pulled out using the hydraulic cylinder 11 in the direction perpendicular to the chassis to the working position. Using the hydraulic cylinder 17 lower the boom 13 and the peak 19 to the crust and produce its destruction. To change the angle of attack, the peaks 19 actuate the mechanism for the rotation of the support boom around its longitudinal axis using the hydraulic cylinder 22. Using the hydraulic cylinder 8, the table 5 is rotated left or right, which makes it possible to process the electrolyte crust at any point in the board-anode space.

The proposed device successfully passes pilot tests at the Volgograd aluminum smelter.

Claims (6)

1. A device for destroying the crust of the electrolyte in electrolytic cells for producing aluminum, comprising a chassis with a control cabin, a mechanism for raising and lowering the carrier boom with a jacking device, and a mechanism for extending the boom in a direction perpendicular to the chassis, characterized in that the chassis is equipped with a power frame on which the base is rigidly fixed, equipped with a mechanism for turning the boom in a horizontal plane, made in the form of a rotary table, on which a rigid metal case with a supporting boom and a combat device, while the boom extension mechanism in the direction perpendicular to the chassis travel is equipped with two guides along which the boom body moves with the baffle device, and the boom lifting and lowering mechanism is made in the form of a rocker arm, one shoulder of which is connected to the hydraulic cylinder rod, and the second connected to the boom by means of a fork provided in the upper part with at least two damper springs, and the boom is additionally equipped with a rotation mechanism around its longitudinal axis. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotation mechanism of the carrier boom about its longitudinal axis is made in the form of a support axis mounted in the housing, the axis being pivotally connected to the boom at one end and pivotally attached to the axis of the lever with the other with hydraulic cylinder rod. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotary table is provided with gaskets made of a material with a low coefficient of friction, for example, PCB. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing of the boom moves along the guides on the rollers. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the base is made in the form of an isosceles trapezoid. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the control cabin is equipped with a protective screen.

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