RU213635U1 - DEVICE FOR PUNCHING AN ELECTROLYTE SHELL - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a device for punching an electrolyte crust of an electrolytic cell to obtain aluminum by the electrolytic method. The device comprises a manipulator boom with an end section hinged on the hinge axis, the end section being made composite in length from two electrically insulated and vibration-insulated parts and mounted on the hinge axle with the possibility of damping with the boom, and the vibrator and the peak are rigidly fixed to the electrically insulated and vibration-isolated part of the end section. The reliability and safety of the design of the device with advanced technological capabilities are ensured, allowing safe access for punching the crust of electrolyzers in areas with limited working space due to the minimum dimensions of the working body, primarily in height. 7 w.p. f-ly, 4 ill.

Description

Field of technology to which the utility model belongs

The utility model relates to the field of metallurgy of non-ferrous metals, namely to equipment for technological maintenance of electrolyzers for producing aluminum by the electrolytic method, and can be used for punching the electrolyte crust of the electrolytic cell.

State of the art

In the ends of the electrolyzers and in hard-to-reach places of the bath with a zone of limited working space and high temperature, the crust is punched either manually with a crowbar or using a pneumatic jackhammer, or with special machines equipped with vibrators. The use of pneumatic jackhammers and hydraulic hammers as a working body on a special machine reduces their technological capabilities when processing hard-to-reach places in cramped conditions due to the increased overall dimensions of the working body in height.

From the prior art, a machine for punching the ends of electrolyzers is known, designed for punching a crust (https://vunivere.ru/work22171). As a chassis for the machine, a diesel loader is used, on which a manipulator with an arrow is mounted. On the boom, as a working body, a vibrator is rigidly fixed, driven by a hydraulic motor and a peak, which serves as a working tool. Stages of electrical insulation, thermal protection of the working body, vibration protection and noise protection of the base chassis are not provided on the machine.

The machine is simple, reliable in operation, has minimal dimensions in terms of the height of the working body, but has a number of significant drawbacks, namely:

- the machine is unsafe due to the lack of electrical insulation of the peak from the frame of the machine, which is mandatory for safety requirements;

- the reliability of the machine is reduced due to the fact that the vibration created by the vibrator is transmitted to the boom and the base chassis, reducing their uptime;

- the reliability of the machine is reduced due to the fact that there is no thermal protection of the vibrator, which is located in the zone of high temperature when punching the crust;

- the efficiency of the vibrator is reduced due to the absence of a vibratory gap between the machine and the working body, this results in the dissipation of part of the energy created by the vibrator onto the boom.

A device for the destruction of the electrolyte crust is known (patent for invention No. 639460, C25C3 / 14, publ. 25.12.19 7 8). As a chassis for the device, a commercially available diesel loader is used, on which a manipulator with an arrow is mounted. On the boom, as a working body, a hydraulic hammer with a lance serving as a working tool is rigidly fixed. Stages of electrical insulation, thermal protection of the working body, vibration protection and noise protection of the base chassis are not provided on the device.

The device has the following disadvantages:

- the device is unsafe due to the lack of electrical insulation peaks from the frame of the device;

- the reliability of the device is reduced due to the fact that the vibration generated by the hydraulic hammer is transmitted to the boom and base chassis, reducing their uptime;

- the reliability of the device is reduced due to the fact that there is no thermal protection of the hydraulic hammer, which is located in the zone of high temperature during operation;

- technological capabilities are reduced due to the increased dimensions of the hydraulic hammer in height, which do not allow working in the electrolysis building in places with cramped conditions.

A percussion device is known (utility model patent RU No. 163038, B25D9/00, publ. 07/10/2016), designed to break through the electrolyte crust, containing an arrow and a working body in the form of a hydraulic hammer with a lance as a tool mounted on a loader. The hydraulic hammer with the lance is pivotally fixed through the swing axis in the jaws of the manipulator boom with the possibility of changing the angle of inclination and damping the skew of the lance. The longitudinal axis of the hydraulic hammer passes through the swing axis of the hydraulic hammer. Damping during operation compensates for the deviation of the working body and peaks from the working position not perpendicular to the destruction surface or at the moment of chipping off a piece of crust, while damping the transverse components of the reactive loads acting on the device. Stages of electrical insulation, thermal protection of the working body, vibration protection and noise protection of the base chassis are not provided on the device.

The device has the following disadvantages:

- the device is unsafe due to the lack of electrical insulation peaks from the frame of the device;

- the reliability of the device is reduced due to the fact that the vibration generated by the hydraulic hammer during operation is transmitted to the boom and the base chassis through the swing axis of the hydraulic hammer, reducing the resource of their trouble-free operation, since the swing axis of the hydraulic hammer is located on the longitudinal axis of the hydraulic hammer, from this the effectiveness of vibration damping damper is minimal, only transverse components of bending reactive loads are eliminated and distortions of the swing plane are compensated;

- the reliability of the device is reduced due to the fact that there is no thermal protection of the hydraulic hammer, which is located in the zone of high temperature when punching the crust;

- technological capabilities are reduced due to the increased dimensions of the hydraulic hammer in height, which do not allow working in the electrolysis building in places with cramped conditions.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is a device for breaking through the electrolyte crust (utility model patent RU No. 171457, C25C3 / 14, publ. 06/01/2017). As the base chassis for the device, a commercially available diesel loader was used, with a manipulator with an arrow installed on it, with an end section of the boom not rigidly fixed on the hinge axis, on which the working body in the form of a hydraulic hammer with a tool in the form of a pike is rigidly fixed. The end section with a hydraulic hammer attached to it is transferred to the position necessary for transportation and for punching the crust by a hydraulic cylinder, which rotates the end section on the hinge axis. Stages of electrical insulation, thermal protection of the working body, vibration protection and noise protection of the base chassis are not provided on the device.

The known device has the following disadvantages:

- the device is unsafe due to the lack of electrical insulation peaks from the frame of the device;

- the reliability of the device is reduced due to the fact that the vibration generated by the hydraulic hammer during operation is transmitted through the rigid attachment of the hydraulic hammer to the end section and through the hinge axis to the boom and the base chassis, reducing the uptime of the device and the base chassis;

- the reliability of the device is reduced due to the fact that there is no thermal protection of the hydraulic hammer, which is located in the zone of high temperature when punching the crust;

- technological capabilities are reduced due to the increased dimensions of the hydraulic hammer in height, which do not allow working in the electrolysis building in places with cramped conditions.

Utility Model Disclosure

The technical objective of the claimed utility model is to create a reliable and safe device for punching the electrolyte crust with advanced technological capabilities that allow safe access for punching the crust of electrolyzers in areas with limited working space due to the minimum dimensions of the working body, primarily in height.

The technical problem is achieved due to the fact that in the device for punching the electrolyte crust, containing the arm of the manipulator 2 with the end section 4 hinged on the hinge axis 3 with the working body and the tool rigidly fixed, the novelty is that the end section 4 is made composite in length from two electrically isolated and vibration-isolated parts 10 and 11 from each other, and is installed on the hinge axis 3 with the possibility of damping with the boom 2, and the working body is made in the form of an external vibrator 16 of a fixed type, rigidly fixed with a tool in the form of a peak 17 on the isolated end part 11 section 4.

The technical solution is complemented by particular distinguishing features that contribute to the achievement of the task.

Damping is provided by a damper made up of two successively installed parts 5 and 6, separated by a plate 7 rigidly fixed on the boom 2.

The damper 5 and 6 is made of a material with elastic properties, such as rubber, silicone or similar elastic material.

The damper 5 and 6 are fastened to the boom 2 and the end section 4 by a detachable connection 9 passing through the holes of the dampers 5, 6, the hole in the plate 7 of the boom 2 and the hole in the plate 8 of the end section 4.

The mounting axis of the damper 5 and 6 is perpendicular to the axis of the hinge 3.

The external vibrator 16 of a fixed type on the end section 4 is closed from the outside by a protective casing 20.

Electrical isolation and vibration isolation of the two parts 10 and 11 of the end section 4 is provided at the junction of the flange connector 12 by installing a flat gasket 14, and electrical insulation and vibration isolation of the detachable connection 13 due to bushings 15 made of a non-conductive material that can dampen vibration, for example, caprolon , fluoroplastic or material similar in properties.

The axis of the hinge 3 and the axis of the spike 17 are perpendicular and maximally spaced from each other to opposite ends of the end section 4.

Brief description of the drawings

The utility model, its features, details and advantages can be understood from the description given with reference to the accompanying drawings illustrating an example of the utility model, which shows:

in fig. 1 - general view of the device (on the base chassis in the position of the boom when punching the crust);

in fig. 2 is an enlarged fragment of element A in Fig. 1, with a cut along the points of attachment of the vibrator, with a cut along the axis of the damper attachment, with a cut along the detachable connections of the flanges of the end section;

in fig. 3 - enlarged fragment ¾ front right, element A in Fig. one;

in fig. 4 - enlarged fragment ¾ front right, element A in Fig. 1 with protective cover removed.

List of structural elements:

1 - base chassis;

2 – manipulator boom;

3 - hinge axis;

4 - end section;

5 - damper;

6 - damper;

7 - plate;

8 - plate;

9 - detachable connection;

10 – inner part of section 4;

11 – isolated part of section 4;

12 - flange connector;

13 - detachable connection;

14 - gasket;

15 - bushing;

16 - vibrator;

17 - peak;

18 - detachable connection;

19 - detachable connection;

20 - protective cover;

21 - detachable connection.

Implementation of the utility model

The device is installed on the base chassis 1, which can be used, for example, a self-propelled forklift or a specially designed self-propelled machine. The device consists of an arrow 2, at the end of which the end section 4 is hinged on the hinge axis 3. The mobility of the end section 4 is limited by a damper, consisting of two parts installed in series, the damper 5 and the damper 6, separated by a plate 7, welded to the end of the boom 2 by a welded seam Damper 5 and damper 6 are fastened with boom 2 and end section 4 by detachable connection 9 with the possibility of fixation, passing through the holes of damper 5 and damper 6, hole in plate 7 of boom 2, hole in plate 8 of end section 4.

The dampers 5 and 6 are made of a material with elastic, vibration-insulating properties, such as rubber, silicone or a similar elastic material.

The axis of the hinge 3 and the axis of the dampers 5 and 6, along which the detachable connection 9 is installed, are perpendicular, due to this, during operation, there are no lateral loads on the damper 5 and 6, leading to its rapid failure. The end section 4 is made integral in length from two electrically insulated and vibration-isolated from each other parts, the inner part 10 and the isolated part 11, connected by a flange connector 12. The parts 10 and 11 of the end section 4 are fastened in the flange connector 12 by a detachable connection 13. Electrical insulation and vibration isolation two parts 10 and 11 of the end section 4 is provided at the junction of the flange connector 12 due to the installation of a flat gasket 14 and bushings 15 made of a non-conductive material, which is an electrical insulator and has the ability to dampen vibration, for example, from caprolon, fluoroplastic or material similar in properties. On the isolated part 11 of the end section 4, the working body is rigidly fixed in the form of a vibrator 16, for example, an external vibrator of a fixed type according to GOST ISO 18652-2014. On the insulated part 11 of the end section 4 below the vibrator 16, the working tool in the form of a spike 17 is rigidly fixed. The axis of the peak 17 is perpendicular to the axis of the hinge 3, they are maximally spaced apart from each other due to the placement on opposite ends of the end section 4. The vibrator 16 is closed from the outside by a protective cover 20. - due to the increased vibration that the parts and fasteners located on the end section 4 experience and in order to prevent the fasteners from unwinding, all detachable connections 9, 13, 18, 19 and 21, which can be used as bolted or screw connections, are securely locked, e.g. with standard cotter pins.

The device works as follows.

The base chassis 1, moving in the case of aluminum electrolysis, is located at the cell in the place necessary for punching the crust. With the help of the boom 2, the end section 4 moves into the working area above the surface to be treated.

Peak 17 is pressed by arrow 2 to the destructible electrolyte crust. When the vibrator 16 is turned on, due to the rigid attachment of the vibrator 16 and the peak 17 to the isolated part 11 of the end section 4, the peak 17 begins to perform reciprocating movements along the vertical, while the end section 4 performs angular oscillations relative to the axis of the hinge 3, and due to vibration and the pressure received from the arrow 2, the peak 17 destroys the electrolyte crust.

Due to the installation of the end section 4 on the boom 2 with the possibility of damping, the vibration transmitted by the vibrator 16 to the boom 2 is damped by dampers 5 and 6, while due to the fact that the hinge axis 3 and the damper mounting axis 5 and 6 are perpendicular, no bending moments occur to dampers 5 and 6. Vibration to boom 2 is additionally damped by an electrically insulated and vibration insulated gasket 14 and bushings 15 installed in the flange connector 12 of the end section 4.

During the operation of the vibrator 16, the damper 5 experiences an impulse pressure as a reaction to the impulse pressure of the peak 17 on the crust, while due to compression it does not allow vibration to be transmitted to the boom 2 during the stroke of the peak 17 upwards. The damper 6 provides the pre-compression force of the dampers 5 and 6 with a detachable connection 9 and compensates for the weakening of the tightening force of the detachable connection 9, for example, by tightening the bolt with a nut, during the compression stroke of the damper 5. In addition, the damper 6 does not allow the detachable connection 9 with boom 2, not allowing vibration to be transmitted to boom 2 during the stroke of the peak 17 down.

After punching the crust, the peak 17 passes through the crust, the pressure of the boom 2 on the crust decreases, and the vibrator 16 is turned off. Then the boom 2 rises and folds. The base chassis 1 moves the boom 2 with the peak 17 to the place of the next punching of the crust, where the cycle of work is repeated. The process continues until the destruction of the entire electrolyte crust on the cell.

The electrically insulated version of the flange connector 12, due to the gasket 14 and bushings 15, provides an electrical insulation level between the peak 17 and the base chassis 1.

Due to the fact that the axis of the hinge 3 and the axis of the peak 17 are perpendicular and maximally spaced from each other at opposite ends of the end section 4, there is no occurrence of bending moments on the peak 17, and the optimal operation of the damper 5 and 6 is ensured.

Protection of the vibrator 16 from overheating is ensured by the fact that it is closed from the outside by a protective casing 20. In addition, the protective casing 20 further reduces the noise level from the operation of the vibrator 16 at the workplace.

The device can be installed, for example, on a loader and any other self-propelled chassis that has a hydraulic machine control system.

The expansion of the technological capabilities of the device is provided by the possibility of safe access for punching the crust of electrolyzers in areas with limited working space due to the minimum dimensions of the working body, primarily in height.

The tests of the device for breaking through the electrolyte crust confirmed the operability, safety and reliability of the design. The technical solution is industrially applicable, since it has been manufactured, tested and intended for use in aluminum smelters.

Claims (9)

1. A device for punching an electrolyte crust, containing a manipulator arm 2 with an end section 4 hinged on the hinge axis 3 with a rigidly fixed working body and tool, characterized in that the end section 4 is made composite in length from two parts 10 and 11 that are electrically insulated and vibration-isolated from each other, and is installed on the hinge axis 3 with the possibility of damping with the boom 2, and the working body is made in the form of a vibrator 16, rigidly fixed to the tool in the form of peaks 17 on the insulated part 11 of the end section 4. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the damping is provided by a damper made of two parts 5 and 6 in series, separated by a plate 7 rigidly fixed to the boom 2. 3. Device according to claim. 2, characterized in that the damper 5 and 6 is made of a material with elastic properties, such as rubber, silicone or similar elastic material. 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the fastening of the damper 5 and 6 with the boom 2 and the end section 4 is made by a detachable connection 9 passing through the holes of the damper 5, 6, the hole in the plate 7 of the boom 2 and the hole in the plate 8 of the end section 4. 5. The device according to p. 4, characterized in that the axis of attachment of the damper 5 and 6 is perpendicular to the axis of the hinge 3. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibrator 16 on the end section 4 is closed from the outside by a protective casing 20. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical insulation and vibration isolation of two parts 10 and 11 of the end section 4 is provided at the junction of the flange connector 12 by installing a flat gasket 14, and the electrical insulation and vibration isolation of the detachable connection 13 is due to bushings 15 made from a non-conductive material that has the ability to dampen vibration, for example, from caprolon, fluoroplast or a material similar in properties. 8. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the axis of the hinge 3 and the axis of the spike 17 are perpendicular and maximally spaced from each other at opposite ends of the end section 4.

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