RU2322548C2 - Device for ice blanket breakage on water surface - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water by blasting.

SUBSTANCE: ice breaking device comprises explosive gaseous mixture generator, electric pulse generator and explosion tank. Explosion tank is made as roll of tubular gas-tight shell having outer surface provided with fastening eyes and is connected with explosive gaseous mixture generator by the first end thereof. The second explosion tank end is sealed. Pyro-igniters are arranged inside explosion tank so that pyro-igniters are in contact with electric conductor passing to electric pulse generator through gas-supply hose. Rip cord is secured to exterior explosion tank surface. Rip cord may pass in fastening eyes and is provided with fixer connected to one end thereof. Ballast weight is arranged inside roll.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of explosion energy usage, decreased labor inputs and blasting work costs, increased capabilities and blasting work usage for ice blanket breaking, as well as improved ecological and operational safety.

5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to explosive technology, in particular to the destruction of ice on rivers and ponds. The destruction of the ice cover on rivers and ponds is associated with a significant consumption of expensive explosives, increased danger of the ice blasting process due to the high specific power of charges and, as a result, a significant spread of ice cover fragments, which is most dangerous in the area of bridges, industrial and residential buildings. At the same time, the explosion energy is not fully used and a significant part of it is wasted, because water at the time of the explosion acts like a screen from a solid, and the main energy and products of the explosion go up vertically. A decrease in the specific power of the explosive with an increase in the laying area of the latter will increase the efficiency of the explosion, but placing under the ice a more accessible and safe substance in a gas-tight shell is difficult to implement, for example, in the absence of flow under the ice, and is not environmentally friendly due to the contamination of the ice under the ice with pieces of torn shells.

A device for the destruction of the ice cover, including a support element with a convex upper part, is rigidly fixed with a hydraulic structure with its lower part, an ice breaking part made in the form of a flexible working body, laid on a convex upper part of the support element and pivotally connected to the support element on one side and, on the other hand, detachably connected with a tension mechanism located on a hydraulic structure at the rear of the support element, while the swivel is flexible of the working body with the supporting element is made in the form of spring-loaded upper and lower stoppers, each entering the corresponding cavity, upper or lower, made respectively in the supporting element, the upper stop being in contact with a T-shaped end element fixed to one end of the flexible working body, and at the bottom there is a rectangular base of the working table spring-loaded along the axis of the flexible working body with a hook, the tension mechanism of the flexible working body is made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder, a retractable piece whose window is equipped with a hook and is arranged to interact with a T-shaped end element fixed to the other end of the flexible working body, while the cavity of the hydraulic cylinder of the tensioning mechanism is connected to the output of the hydraulic accumulator located on the hydraulic structure, in addition, the device is equipped with a return mechanism for the flexible working body made in the form of an annular flexible rod, for example, a cable on which a carriage is mounted, and a winch wound on a drum equipped with a hydraulic motor associated with a hydraulic accumulator with a cooler, while in the body of the hydraulic structure there is a power hydraulic cylinder, the cavity of which is connected to the hydraulic accumulator, and the retractable rod is equipped with a support heel, placed with the possibility of interaction with floating ice / Patent RU No. 2175425, 2001.10.27 /.

The known solution is applicable only in relation to stationary objects and does not involve moving to any areas of the ice cover on water bodies and rivers, it is structurally difficult and low-tech to use, expensive to operate and does not have sufficient efficiency with significant ice cover thicknesses. A device for weakening the strength or destruction of the ice cover, containing a punch mounted on an underwater vehicle, with the possibility of separation from the latter, made with a streamlined hollow permeable body having the shape of a body of revolution, while the tail part is made with an opening for connection with a pipe mounted on the vehicle supply of compressed gas to the punch body / Patent RU No. 2066657, 1996.09.20 /. The known solution is applicable only in conjunction with submarines and does not involve the use of ice cover in any areas of water bodies and rivers, is structurally difficult and low-tech to use, expensive to operate and does not have sufficient efficiency with significant thicknesses of ice cover.

A device for implementing the method of destruction of the ice cover, representing a compressor in communication with an air cushion of an airtight fabric equipped with an inlet with the possibility of fixing the cushion over the ice cover / Patent RU No. 2197406, 2003.01.27 /.

The known device is inefficient and low-tech in use, does not have sufficient efficiency with significant thicknesses of the ice cover.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the use of explosion energy, reduce the complexity and cost of blasting to destroy the ice cover, expand the capabilities and conditions of use of the device, increase the environmental friendliness and safety of explosion.

The problem is solved in that in a device for breaking ice on water, including an explosive gas mixture generator, an electric pulse generator, an explosive tank, according to the solution, the explosive tank is made in the form of a roll of a tubular gas-tight shell, the outer surface of which is provided with fixing loops connected at one end to the generator of the explosive gas mixture with a gas hose, and at the other end is sealed, while inside the explosive tank there is a pyro igniter made in contact with the electric by a conduit passing through the gas hose to the electric pulse generator, and an exhaust cable is fixed outside, made with the possibility of passage into the fixing loops, provided with a latch at the end, and a ballast weight is placed inside the roll.

Distinctive features are:

- the explosive capacity is made in the form of a roll of a tubular gas-tight shell (which allows you to place a cheap and technologically advanced explosive to the required length of the explosion under the ice, regardless of the relief of the underwater surface of the ice, to reduce the harmful effects of the explosion on the environment);

- a gas-tight shell is connected at one end with an explosive gas mixture generator by a gas hose, and is sealed at the other end (which provides convenient supply and holding of a gas explosive mixture in the required volume for a given length of ice blasting);

- pyro igniters are placed inside the explosive tank (which solves the problem of safe remote and reliable blasting of the ice cover);

- an exhaust cable is fixed outside (which avoids water pollution by explosion products - torn shells and does not lower the ecological level of the reservoir);

- a ballast load is placed inside the roll from a tubular gas-tight shell (which facilitates immersion under the ice of a gas-tight shell and allows more accurately withstanding the direction of undermining of the ice cover);

- the outer surface of the tubular gas-tight shell is equipped with fixing loops (which contributes to the reliable fastening of the shell and complete extraction of the latter after undermining the gas mixture, which prevents environmental pollution);

- the exhaust cable is made with the possibility of passage into the fixing loops and is equipped with a latch at the end (which increases the usability of the device and provides for repeated use of the cable, which, in turn, reduces operating costs);

- pyro igniters are made in contact with the electric wire passing through the gas hose to the electric pulse generator (which increases the reliability of the device while increasing the safety of use).

Thus, the claimed solution meets the criterion of "novelty."

Comparison of the proposed solutions with analogues did not allow us to identify in them the features that distinguish the claimed solution from the prototype, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "inventive step". The invention is illustrated by drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a general view of the device in its original operating position, Fig. 2 is a partial sectional view of a roll, Fig. 3 is a cable retainer, Fig. 4 is a shell in an expanded position, Fig. 5 is a diagram of a shell deployment when hummocky ice cover.

The device contains an explosive gas mixture generator 1, an electric pulse generator (not shown in the drawings), an explosive container 2 with mounting loops 3, a gas hose 4 with a coupling 5 and a plug 6, a pyro igniter 7 with an electric wire 8, an exhaust cable 9 with a T-shaped folding retainer 10, ballast weight 11, anchor 12.

A device for breaking ice is used as follows. The device is pre-assembled: they connect the generator of the explosive gas mixture 1 with the explosive capacity 2 by means of a gas hose 4 and a coupling 5, connect the electric wire 6 through a sealed outlet in the hose 4 with the electric pulse generator and fix the exhaust cable 9 to the anchor 12 and flood it through the ice hole positive buoyancy roll of the shell of the explosive tank 2 using a weight-adjustable ballast weight 11. Directly, the device operates as follows. When the explosive gas mixture is supplied from the generator 1 through the gas hose 4, the inlet of the explosive tank 2 is filled and initiates the rolling of the shell roll on the lower surface of the ice sheet in the set direction.

At the same time, the shell, having positive buoyancy, is pressed to the ice surface in contact with water, and the roll, rolling, bends around all the bumps on the ice surface, including hummock formations, which ensures the location of the shell on any ice surface. After injecting the gas mixture into the entire volume of the explosive tank, closing the plug 6 and disconnecting the sleeve 5 from the electric pulse generator through the electric wire 8, the action of pyro igniters 8 is initiated with the explosion of the entire volume of the explosive gas mixture in the explosive tank and the destruction of the ice cover along the entire length of the laid tubular shell. During the explosion, only the upper surface of the shell adjoining the ice is damaged, and the lower one for the fastening loops 3 is removed from the water with the help of the exhaust cable 9 with the latch 10. After the latch is put into an inoperative position, the exhaust cable is released from the broken shell and can be reused. The latter is disposed of, which saves the environment from pollution.

The device for breaking ice increases the efficiency of the use of explosion energy, reduces the complexity and cost of blasting to destroy the ice cover, expands the possibilities and conditions for using blasting to destroy the ice cover, improves the environmental friendliness and safety of work.

Claims (5)

1. Device for breaking ice on water, including an explosive gas mixture generator, an electric pulse generator, an explosive tank, characterized in that the explosive tank is made in the form of a roll of a tubular gas-tight shell connected at one end to an explosive gas mixture generator by a gas hose, and with the other end is sealed, while pyro igniters are placed inside the explosive tank, and an exhaust cable is fixed on the outside. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ballast weight is placed inside the roll of a tubular gas-tight shell. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer surface of the tubular gas-tight shell is provided with fixing loops. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the exhaust cable is made with the possibility of passage into the mounting loops and is equipped with a latch at the end. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyro igniters are made in contact with the electric wire passing through the gas hose to the electric pulse generator.

Images