RU199878U1 - Downhole charge formation device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model is related to mining and can be used by enterprises conducting drilling and blasting operations (blasting) when loading holes with explosives (explosives). The downhole charge forming device contains a pre-compressed pre-compressed sleeve and a braking device. The pre-compressed sleeve is placed between two rings rigidly connected to each other using an outer cover. The upper edge of the sleeve is fastened to the upper ring. The length of the compressed sleeve preferably does not exceed 1.5% of the length of the sleeve when uncompressed. The upper edge of the sleeve is fastened to the upper ring in two places. The upper edge of the sleeve can be fastened to the upper ring, for example, by a fastening element including a flexible rod, funnel-shaped, or pipe segment. The useful model provides a decrease in the braking force in the process of expanding the sleeve. 5 p.p. f-ly, 5 dwg

Description

The utility model relates to mining and can be used by enterprises conducting drilling and blasting (blasting) operations when loading wells with an explosive (explosive.

In the field of drilling and blasting operations, the practice of using shells for borehole explosive charges has become widespread. The use of shells for borehole charges makes it possible to improve the quality of blasting operations by protecting the explosive charge from dilution as a result of mixing with borehole water, drill stem and rock falling out of the borehole walls. In addition, in some cases, the use of shells for borehole charges makes it possible to increase the efficiency of explosive energy use and, as a consequence, to reduce the consumption of explosives during blasting, which reduces economic costs and environmental damage of mining enterprises. However, the technology of using shells for borehole charges has its own drawbacks, and first of all, it is an increase in the technological load both during the charging of the well and throughout the blasthole complex.

That is why there are many different inventions designed to get rid of the disadvantages inherent in this technology, as well as enhance the beneficial effects or add new ones.

Known device for charging wells "Universal charging sleeve" (EA027549). The universal charging sleeve includes an explosive charge placed in an elastic sheath, detonators, and a retaining ring. In this case, the sleeve contains a cover connected to a retaining ring and two parts - a borehole and a charging one, the borehole part has a diameter equal to the diameter of the well, and the charging part has sleeve stops, and the diameter of the charging part is less than the diameter of the well and is determined at a given ratio Dp / Dc in in the range from 0.564 to 0.9, where Dp is the diameter of the charging part of the sleeve; Dc - borehole diameter.

The disadvantages of this analogue include:

bulkiness and complexity of operation (in the case of charging a large number of wells);

laboriousness in the disposal of the bottom-hole part of the product (at some enterprises they are manually cut off and disposed of; if they are not disposed of during an explosion, then parts of the products lead to dilution of the final product, that is, the quality of the product will be inappropriate);

a high degree of probability of breakage of the charging part of the sleeve from the bottom hole, if the length of the product is less than the depth of the well.

Known explosive cartridge (RU 92527U1). The cartridge contains a fabric sleeve with a sealed bottom end and a charging machine hose located inside it. The sleeve is filled with an emulsion industrial explosive. In this case, the length of the sleeve is equal to the length of the column of the formed cartridge, the sleeve is made of woven fabric by stitching its side sections along the length with fastening in the seam at equal intervals, not less than four diameters of the sleeve of one or two sections of braid, at least four diameters of the charging hose, and the fastening of the sleeve to the charging hose of the charging machine is accomplished by pulling the lengths of the braid into the girth of the charging hose of the charging machine.

The disadvantage of the known cartridge is the fulfillment of the condition of equality of the diameter of the sleeve to the diameter of the well, which excludes the possibility of controlling the height of the column of explosive in the well and the specified crushing of the blasted rock in the damming zone reduces the effectiveness of the explosion.

Known is a device for charging flooded wells (SU737626), which contains a cassette mounted on a stand, in which there is a waterproofing sleeve and a charging hose. The sleeve for charging wells with explosives (BB) according to this known source contains an elastic shell to be lowered into the well, plugged at one end and fixed with the other end on a sleeve in the form of a sleeve to be placed at the wellhead and made with a longitudinal hole for passing the charging hose into shell cavity.

The disadvantage of this solution is that the sleeve is assembled directly at the location of the well and it takes time to secure the support system, attach the sleeve to it, and to the sleeve - the shell (the shell is wound onto the sleeve and tied to fix it). After that, the shell is lowered into the well and the explosive solution is fed through a charging hose passed into the shell. When the explosive solution is supplied, it falls to the bottom of the shell, filling it, leading to the expansion of the shell and its support on the borehole wall. In reality, when using this solution, problems of the following nature arise. Firstly, the shell is made to fit the well, which, when the shell is filled, can lead to its bursting on a part of the wall height, preventing the shell from falling to the bottom of the well and completely stretching out. With such a transverse design, the shell during filling can be damaged by sharp protrusions of the soil on the borehole wall, which will lead to explosive leakage through the fracture. Due to poor-quality fastening of the shell on the sleeve, the latter, under the weight of the solution, can jump off the sleeve.

Known folding sleeve (RU182030 U1). Its design contains a sleeve made of environmentally friendly pressed paper and a shell stretched and folded into an accordion placed on its outer surface, and a fastening element in the form of a flexible rod is attached to the upper part of the sleeve to attach the sleeve in the form of a sleeve to the structure of cleaning the charging hose of the feed machine explosive. The advantages of this utility model include ease of assembly.

The disadvantage of this solution is the large dimensions of the product due to the design features, insufficient braking effect of the sleeve on the outer surface of the sleeve and, as a consequence, the uneven descent of the sleeve, it should also be noted that the material proposed for use as a sleeve (pressed paper) is fragile and subject to the negative influence of the surrounding environment in the form of precipitation and high humidity.

Known device for filling down wells with substance in the sleeve (RU2571317 C2) containing a hollow guide, covering its stacked sleeve and braking devices, characterized in that the sleeve package is divided into sections, and braking devices are placed in the lower part of each section. This design allows you to stepwise increase the braking force as the sleeve leaves the device. The device can have an additional sleeve, assembled in a bag, packed in a cover common with the main device, which is used by an additional outer layer for the main sleeve.

The disadvantage of this device is the use of a rigid inner guide and an elastic outer ring for braking the inner main sleeve, in addition, the function of increasing the braking force is necessary when charging wells from the top point, which is important when using bulk or highly viscous explosives, but is not suitable for charging wells pouring explosives using a hose pre-submerged to the bottom. It should also be noted that the additional sleeve, assembled into a bag, cannot be used without the main inner sleeve.

This decision was made as a prototype for the declared object.

As already noted, the prototype uses the function of enhancing the braking force, however, when working with pouring explosives (for example, emulsion explosives) according to the method of loading through a hose from the bottom of the well, the opposite braking function is required - a decrease in the braking force. This is due to the fact that when the hose of the charging machine is forced to the bottom of the well, as the length of the hose increases, friction against the walls of the well increases, i.e. resistance (or braking) increases and, accordingly, the load on the actuator drives of the charging machine increases.

Also, in order to expand the conditions for using the device, it is necessary to abandon the use of a solid hollow guide inside the folded sleeve package as a mandatory supporting structure.

Thus, the technical problem solved by the utility model is the change in the method of braking the sleeve coming out of the pre-folded package simultaneously with the simplification of the device design. The achieved technical result is to ensure a decrease in the braking force in the process of expanding the sleeve, excluding the guide inside the package from the design.

To solve this technical problem, the elastic force of the pre-compressed sleeve package is used to brake the sleeve, acting on the rings installed on both sides of the compressed package and rigidly connected to each other using an outer cover, while the upper edge of the sleeve must be connected (fastened) with the upper ring. The final length of the compressed bag, expressed as a percentage of the original length of the sleeve, should not exceed 1.5% to ensure sufficient elastic force of the compressed bag and, as a consequence, sufficient braking force. In this case, as the sleeve leaves the bag, the elastic force will decrease (due to a decrease in the bag size).

The connection of the upper edge of the sleeve and the upper ring can be part of a fastening element made, for example, in the form of a funnel, a flexible rod or a length, a pipe, or any combination of these three elements.

The proposed design is illustrated by drawings.

FIG. 1 shows the longitudinal structure of the borehole charge formation device (hereinafter referred to as the Device) with the conditionally shown fastening element.

FIG. 2-4 shows a device with various types of fastening element, respectively: in the form of a funnel, a flexible rod or a piece, a pipe.

FIG. 5 shows the process of unfolding a pre-compressed sleeve.

The device includes a sleeve 4, assembled in an "accordion", an outer (outer) cover 5, an upper ring of a cover 2, a lower ring 7 of a cover 5, a fastener 1 securing the upper edge of a sleeve 3 with an upper ring of a cover 5 (in two places), ring 6, fixing the outer edge of the cover 5. The lower edge of the sleeve is sealed with a fastener (clip) 8.

The original assembly of the sleeve 4 does not include bulky, expensive parts and allows the product to keep a given shape, excluding the possibility of self-expansion.

The cover 5, put on the pre-compressed sleeve 4, assembled into an "accordion" and pre-compressed, in addition to the function of slowing down the sleeve 4 during its expansion from the folded state in the process of loading the well, also serves as a frame (supporting structure) and the function of protecting the sleeve 4 from external influences.

Sleeve 4 can be produced in different versions. It can be either sealed, waterproof, or not possess these properties. One of the main properties of the material is elasticity, i.e. extensibility, flexibility, elasticity. Various options for woven and non-woven casings are used (with and without the inclusion of various additives): polypropylene, polyethylene, fabric cloth and other similar materials. Therefore, sleeve 4 can be used both in the conditions of watered wells and dry wells, used for loading into it both waterproof emulsion explosives (or other similar types of water-containing explosives) and various types of bulk explosives (versatility). Depending on the conditions of use, the degree of water cut in the wells, sleeve 4 can be made of various types of fabrics that have both waterproofing properties and non-hydrophobic ones, which significantly affects the cost of finished products.

Also, a feature of the device is the ability to use, together with the fastening element 1, various design options, such as a funnel (Fig. 2), or a flexible rod (Fig. 3), or a pipe segment (Fig. 4), or their combination, installed after assembly of the sleeve into the bag and fixing it in the case inside the bag and attached to the fastening element 1.

The device arrives at the place of application assembled, that is, sleeve 4 is assembled into an "accordion" and packed in a case 5. A feature of this assembly is ease of use: a detonator 11 is placed in the inner cavity of the sleeve 4 (accordions) from the upper end and outside the power cord 10 or ignition. After that, the device is either suspended by means of a flexible rod (fastener 1 in Fig. 2) on a mixing-charging machine above the wellhead, or installed at the wellhead using a funnel (fastening element 1 in Fig. 2). Also, if necessary, it is possible to install the device using a piece of pipe (with additional holes) on the prepared fasteners of the charging machines. Next (Fig. 5) pass the charging hose 9 through the hole in the upper end of the device and immerse the hose at the bottom of the well. As the charging hose is lowered to the bottom of the well, the sleeve 4 comes out of the outer cover 5, straightening in turn the folds of the "accordion".

Straightening of the "accordion" occurs with effort, since between the inner surface of the outer cover 5 (and ring 7) and the outer surface of the sleeve 4 high friction is created due to the preliminary compressed state of the accordion. With an increase in the length of the straightened section of the sleeve 4, the size of the folded pack (accordion) of the sleeve decreases and, accordingly, the elastic force of the compressed package decreases, therefore, the friction force between the cover 5 and the sleeve 4. When the bottom of the well is reached, the straightening of the sleeve 4 along the length stops and after the start of the explosive supply straightening begins in transverse dimension until it stops in the borehole wall (the mode of fixing the shell in the borehole).

This example of straightening the shell is not the only one. The formation of a charge column in a well using a sleeve can be carried out in several ways:

due to the mass of the detonator checker 11, which is placed inside the sleeve 4 and, under its own mass, lowers and spreads it in the well; then the charging hose 9 of the mixing-charging machine is immersed through the hole in the upper end of the device to the required depth and the required amount of charge is supplied; after charging the well, the upper part of the sleeve 4 is left on the surface, securing it with improvised materials, or left in the well itself;

due to the weight of the loaded explosive: pre-detonator checker 11 is lowered to the desired depth of the well; the charging hose 9 is immersed in the sleeve 4 through the hole in the upper end of the device, the device is fixed above the borehole (in any of the above ways) and a small amount of explosive is supplied; after which the sleeve 4 under the weight of the explosive begins to straighten along the well; then the charging hose 9 is immersed to the required depth and the required amount of explosives is supplied; after charging the well, the upper part of the sleeve 4 is left on the surface, securing it with improvised materials, or left in the well itself;

by immersing the charging hose 9 of the mixing-charging machine into the borehole together with the sleeve 4: pre-detonator checker 11 is lowered to the desired borehole depth; then the charging hose is immersed in the sleeve through the hole in the upper end of the device, the device is fixed above the borehole (by any of the previously proposed methods), or the maintenance specialist of the mixing and charging machine can hold it in his hands and control the expansion in the well; then the charging hose is immersed to the required depth and the required amount of charge is supplied; after charging the well, the upper part of the sleeve is left on the surface, securing it with improvised materials, or left in the well itself.

The length of the sleeve in the well is taken to be greater than the height of the explosive charge column and may be greater than the depth of the well (at the request of the customer).

Claims (6)

1. A device for the formation of a borehole charge, containing a packaged pre-compressed sleeve, characterized in that the pre-compressed sleeve is placed between two rings rigidly connected to each other by means of an outer cover, while the upper edge of the sleeve is attached to the upper ring. 2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the compressed sleeve does not exceed 1.5% of the length of the sleeve in the uncompressed state. 3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the upper edge of the sleeve is fastened to the upper ring in two places. 4. A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the upper edge of the sleeve is fastened to the upper ring by a fastening element including an element in the form of a flexible rod. 5. A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the upper edge of the sleeve is secured to the upper ring by a fastening element including a funnel-shaped element. 6. A device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the upper edge of the sleeve is fastened to the upper ring by a fastening element including an element in the form of a pipe segment.

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