RU2519072C1 - Method for river ice cover breaking and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: method for river ice cover breaking includes insertion of explosive gas mixture in elastic gas-tight shell under ice cover and subsequent initiation of explosion in this gas mixture. Using ballast weight the shell is imparted zero buoyancy, submerged to specified depth and released downstream upon which the ballast weight is removed at the predetermined place, and gas mixture explosion is initiated with delay sufficient to rise elastic shell to bottom edge of ice cover. Device for method implementation comprises elastic gas-tight shell filled with explosive gas mixture, ballast weight and gas mixture explosion initiator. Elastic gas-tight shell is made in the form of hollow toroid in the bottom part of which ballast weight is uniformly spaced along circumference. Herewith, the elastic shell is provided with mechanism for removing ballast weight.

EFFECT: invention permits to increase efficiency of gas explosion for ice cover breaking and to decrease material and time consumption.

5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of blasting, in particular to the destruction of ice on rivers.

State of the art

In the known technical solution [1], the method of destroying the ice cover includes supplying a gas-air mixture under the lower surface of the ice cover and its explosion. In this case, the gas-air mixture is fed into a recess made from the side of the lower surface of the ice sheet.

The inventive method is implemented using an autonomous underwater device equipped with an engine system, a buoyancy chamber, a chamber for accumulating a gas-air mixture, a screw, a valve, and video cameras. The device is controlled by radio.

The method is as follows.

The device with the help of installed cameras is brought to the bottom surface of the ice sheet, in which a recess of a certain thickness is created using a screw (for example, a blade). The gas-air mixture is supplied to the created recess by means of a valve located in the upper part of the screw. The explosion is initiated using a radio-controlled detonator placed on a float in the lower part of the recess.

The technical result consists in the fact that the effect of the explosion is transmitted to a large area of ice cover, as a result of which the efficiency of destruction of the ice cover is increased.

Common features with the proposed method is the supply of air-gas mixture under the lower surface of the ice sheet and its explosion.

As a disadvantage, it can be noted that the implementation of the method involves significant material and especially time costs.

In another well-known technical solution [2], which is closest to the proposed purpose and the number of essential features and adopted as a prototype, a method for destroying the ice cover is proposed, which also includes supplying an explosive gas mixture under the ice cover and then initiating the explosion of the latter. The explosive gas mixture is fed into an elastic gas-tight envelope pre-placed under the ice sheet, followed by electric ignition of the gas mixture, while the explosive gas mixture is supplied by alternately dosing air and combustible gas.

Common features with the proposed method are the supply of an explosive gas mixture under an ice sheet in an elastic gas-tight shell with the subsequent initiation of an explosion in it.

As a disadvantage, the implementation of the method involves the preliminary placement of an elastic gas-tight shell 70-80 m long under the ice cover, which is a rather complicated and time-consuming process, since the shell at such a length by the river can easily overlap or become tangled, which makes it difficult subsequent filling it with gas.

In [3], a device is proposed for breaking ice on water, including an explosive gas mixture generator, an electric pulse generator, an explosive tank, the latter being made in the form of a roll of a tubular gas-tight shell, the outer surface of which is provided with fixing loops connected at one end to an explosive gas generator mixture with a gas hose and sealed at the other end. Pyro igniters are placed inside the explosive container, made in contact with the electric wire passing through the gas hose to the electric pulse generator. An exhaust cable is fixed outside the explosive container, made with the possibility of passage into the fixing loops and equipped with a latch at the end. A ballast weight is placed inside the roll.

The device itself operates as follows.

When the explosive gas mixture is supplied from the generator through a gas hose, the inlet of the explosive tank is filled and initiates the rolling of the shell roll along the lower surface of the ice sheet in the set direction. At the same time, the shell, having positive buoyancy, is pressed to the ice surface in contact with water, and the roll, rolling, bends around all the bumps on the ice surface, including hummock formations, which ensures the location of the shell on any ice surface. After the gas mixture is injected into the entire volume of the explosive tank, the plug is closed, and the coupling is disconnected from the electric pulse generator through the electric wire, the action of pyro igniters is initiated with the explosion of the entire volume of the explosive gas mixture in the explosive tank and the destruction of the ice cover along the entire length of the tubular shell. During the explosion, only the upper surface of the shell adjoining the ice is damaged, and the lower one is removed from the water by fixing ropes with a clamp for fixing loops.

Common features with the proposed technical device are an elastic gas-tight shell filled with explosive gas mixture, ballast weight and initiator of the explosion of the gas mixture.

As a disadvantage, it is not clear from the description of the invention how the ballast load affects the rolling of the shell roll along the lower surface of the ice sheet.

Disclosure of invention

The problem of the present invention is to increase the efficiency of the use of a gas explosion to destroy the ice cover by controlled filling and delivery of a gas-tight shell in the right place (at a greater depth than under ice hummock formations), reducing material and time costs.

This problem is solved by the fact that in the method of destroying the river ice cover, including supplying an explosive gas mixture under an ice cover in an elastic gas-tight shell with the subsequent initiation of an explosion in it, they give the buoyancy zero buoyancy with a ballast load, immerse it to a predetermined depth and release it with the flow and then, at a predetermined location, the ballast load is separated and, with a delay sufficient to lift the elastic shell to the lower edge of the ice sheet, an initial tion explosion of the gas mixture.

The specified task of the device is solved by the fact that in the device for implementing the method containing an elastic gas-tight shell filled with explosive gas mixture, ballast weight and the initiator of the explosion of the gas mixture, the elastic gas-tight shell is made in the form of a hollow torus, in the lower part of which the ballast weight is evenly distributed around the circumference while the elastic shell is equipped with a ballast separation mechanism.

It is possible to implement a device in which the internal volume of the torus cavity is divided by the height of the partition, with the ballast weight at the bottom and the top filled with explosive gas mixture, while the ballast cargo separation mechanism is made in the form of a detonation cord located around the perimeter of the ballast cargo .

To meet environmental requirements, the device can be equipped with an exhaust cable to remove the remains of the elastic shell, and wet sand or river pebble is preferably used as a ballast cargo.

List of drawings

Figure 1 - the Method and its practical implementation;

Figure 2, a, b - Department of ballast cargo using a detonation cord.

The implementation of the invention

The proposed method can be implemented in a device schematically depicted in the drawing (Figure 1), in which the numbers denote:

1 - elastic gas-tight shell filled with explosive gas mixture;

2 - ballast weight;

3 - initiator of the explosion;

4 - exhaust cable;

5 - position of the shell before starting;

6 - ballast weight separated from the shell;

7 - pop-up shell;

8 - position of the shell before the explosion of the initiator;

9 - ice cover;

10 - hummock formations.

In figure 2, the number 11 denotes a detonation cord.

The device consists of an elastic gas-tight shell 1 in the form of a hollow torus filled with explosive gas mixture. A ballast weight 2 is attached to the lower part of the shell using the separation mechanism. On the inner surface of the torus, an initiator 3 is mounted on the outer side of the shell to detonate the gas mixture along with a radio beacon to determine the coordinates of the shell during movement. An exhaust cable 4 may also be attached to the shell to draw the remainder of the shell from the water after the explosion.

A device that implements the proposed according to the present invention method works as follows (Figure 1).

Previously, ashore (or on the surface of the ice sheet 9) is attached ballast cargo 2 to the gas-tight shell 1. It can be carried out, for example, using pyro-bolts. Ballast weight can be placed in the lower part of the torus volume in the tank, separated by a height partition, and the ballast cargo separation mechanism is in the form of a detonation cord located around the perimeter of the ballast cargo tank (Figure 2). The mass of the ballast cargo 2, necessary to give the shell zero buoyancy, is determined in advance. Then, through the valve, the shell is filled with a mixture of combustible gas (for example, acetylene) and an oxidizing agent (air or oxygen) in a stoichiometric ratio. Next, the filled shell is fed to a pre-created wormwood, the initiator 3 is attached to it with a beacon and an exhaust cable 4. After lowering into the wormwood, the shell having zero buoyancy is forcibly delivered (for example, using a long rod) to the required depth 5, it is released, and, picked up by the current, it freely moves along the river (the direction is indicated by an arrow) below the ice hummocks 10. At the same time, the beacon transmits radio signals (or acoustic signals in water) to determine the coordinates of the shell under the ice m. Radio signals (acoustic signals) are received by beacons (acoustic buoys) located on the river, and the coordinates of the shell are displayed on the computer screen of the operator located on the shore. When approaching the shell to the desired location (for example, a congestion) according to the operator’s signal, the ballast cargo separation mechanism 2 is triggered, after which the shell, which has received positive buoyancy, begins to float. After a period of time (delay), sufficient for the elastic shell to rise to the lower edge of the ice cover 9, the signal of the operator initiates the explosion of the gas mixture using the initiator 3. Then, a detonation wave propagates through the explosive gas mixture, and shock waves in the water and ice cover waves leading to its destruction into separate pieces and their throwing in the vertical direction. At the final stage of the work, the exhaust cable 4 is sampled together with the remains of the sheath.

It is permissible to use ready-made rubber chambers for heavy vehicles as a shell.

A feature of the shape of the shell (torus) is that in the central region filled with water, after the explosion, the shock wave collapses, resulting in a sharp increase in pressure. As a result, the ice cover is exposed to this increased pressure, which leads to intensive loading of the ice cover and its greater destruction.

The duration of the delay can be easily estimated from the law of motion of the pop-up shell under the action of forces - buoyancy, gravity and resistance.

Information sources

1. Patent RU 2454503 from 11.23.2010. F42D 3/00, EBB 15/02. The method of destruction of the ice cover.

2. Patent RU 2304757 dated 05/27/2003. F42D 3/00, F42D 7/00, EBB 15/02. The method of destruction of the ice cover.

3. Patent RU 2322548 of 08.25.2003. ЕВВ 15/02, F42D 7/00. Device for breaking ice on water.

Claims (5)

1. A method of destroying a river ice cover, comprising supplying an explosive gas mixture under an ice sheet in an elastic gas-tight shell with the subsequent initiation of an explosion in it, characterized in that by means of a ballast cargo they give the shell zero buoyancy, immerse it to a predetermined depth and release it with the flow, then, at a predetermined location, the ballast cargo is separated and, with a delay sufficient to lift the elastic shell to the lower edge of the ice sheet, an explosion is initiated a gas mixture. 2. The device for implementing the method according to claim 1, containing an elastic gas-tight shell filled with explosive gas mixture, ballast weight and the initiator of the explosion of the gas mixture, characterized in that the elastic gas-tight shell is made in the form of a hollow torus, in the lower part of which is evenly distributed around the circumference ballast weight, while the elastic shell is equipped with a ballast weight separation mechanism. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the internal volume of the torus cavity is divided by height by a partition, at the bottom of which a ballast cargo is placed, and the top is filled with explosive gas mixture, while the ballast cargo separation mechanism is made in the form of a detonation cord located along the perimeter of the tank with ballast weight. 4. The device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that it uses wet sand or river pebbles as ballast cargo. 5. The device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that in it an elastic gas-tight shell is equipped with an exhaust cable.

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