RU2422765C2 - Device to open ice cover - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: explosives.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises an explosive charge installed under an ice cover and a blasting system. The explosive charge is equipped with a floating chamber of a streamlined shape filled with gas or other material, density of which is below water density. The device is arranged with the possibility of its fixation between the ice cover and the explosive charge at the distance L defined according to the formula. The explosive charge is connected to a float chamber via a mechanical element, which ensures increasing the distance between them in a working position. The explosive charge surface facing the float chamber is made of a convex shape. The float chamber is equipped with a unit of engagement to ice. The float chamber volume is selected based on conditions.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase efficiency of ice cover damage, to clean destruction area from ice pieces with a directed explosion of the explosive charge.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ice technology, in particular to a device used in underwater blasting operations to free the water surface from ice jams and blockages formed in winter and spring.

It is possible to use the device in other areas of technology.

Ice jams and gorges on the rivers lead to an increase in their water level. Floods damage agricultural land and housing. Ice cover in the water area prevents the conduct of geological exploration of deposits under a layer of water, the construction of surface objects.

A technical solution is known for opening ice sheets by explosions of explosive charges installed on the outer surface of ice (V.V. Bogorodsky, V. P. Gavrilo, O. A. Nedoshivin. Destruction of ice. - L .: Gidrometizdat, 1983).

The disadvantage is associated with the irrational use of the explosive charge energy released on the outer surface of the ice due to the counteraction of the water to the explosive load, which goes to the destruction of the ice, and the consumption of most of the explosion energy in the atmosphere.

Analysis of the technical level did not reveal the closest analogue, however, a technical solution is known that characterizes the general level of technology of the claimed invention.

Known "taken as a prototype" technical solution (Kozin V.M. Ice cover destruction device, patent RU 2260171, published September 10, 2006), which proposes to destroy the ice cover by explosive charges located alternately above and below the ice surface due to the created in the explosion of bending-gravitational waves.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the complexity of its technical implementation associated with the installation and retention of explosive charges under ice. The location of explosive charges above and below the ice creates oncoming explosive loads that do not ensure the release of the formed destruction zone from pieces of ice. This interferes with the rescue and construction work on the rivers. Under the conditions of the river, the pieces of ice formed during the explosion of explosive charges and carried away by the current again form congestion.

The relevance of the invention is to simplify the installation of explosive charge under ice and the directed use of explosion energy.

The objective of the invention is to provide a device that eliminates the disadvantages of the prototype and analogues due to the directed ejection of pieces of ice from the area of the destroyed ice cover.

The technical result is a reduction in the consumption of explosives, simplification of the process of destruction of the ice cover and the creation of a directed discharge of pieces of ice.

This is achieved by the fact that the device for opening the ice cover includes a blasting system and an explosive charge located under the ice cover and equipped with a streamlined float chamber filled with gas or other material whose density is lower than the density of water, while it is possible to fix the distance L between the ice sheet and the explosive charge, determined by the formula

,

,

where m _z is the mass of the explosive charge;

k is a coefficient that determines the consumption of explosives.

Common features of the invention and the prototype is the explosive charge under the ice, and a blasting system.

The float chamber ensures reliable installation and fastening of the device under ice due to the low-density filling of its internal volume and the coupling element.

The required volume of the float chamber V _pc is selected from the condition

,

,

where M is the mass of the device;

ρ _in is the density of water;

V _s - the amount of explosive charge,

and the length of the float chamber L _pc - from the condition

,

,

where M _BB is the mass of the explosive charge;

ρ _BB — density of explosives;

S is the area of the mid-section of the explosive charge.

In an advantageous embodiment, a device weighing 25 kg and a TNT charge weighing 20 kg, necessary for the destruction and ejection of ice 2 m thick (maximum ice thickness in congestion and jams), the volume of the float chamber must exceed 0.015 m ³ and its length must be at least 0.175 m

With relatively thin ice, the distance L can be maintained by the length of the float chamber L _pc (when L _pc ≥L), and for congestion and gouges 1 ... 2 m thick, when L> L _pc , the distance L can be maintained with a combined length of L _pc + L _{me of the} float chamber and the mechanical element L _me located between the float chamber and the explosive charge with the possibility of its disclosure in working condition. The disclosure of the mechanical element occurs when the device is installed under the ice cover (for example, a rod of a specified length L _{me is} pulled to the stop).

To exclude horizontal displacement of the device along the lower surface of the ice, the float chamber is streamlined and is hooked onto the lower surface of the ice by a clutch assembly made, for example, in the form of rigid spikes.

The ejection of pieces of ice from the fracture zone is provided by a directed convex surface of the explosive charge towards the ice explosion.

The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which shows the device (schematically) in working condition with the opened mechanical element, coupled to the bottom surface of the ice.

The device consists of a housing 1, a charge of BB 2, a float chamber 3, a mechanical element 4, a clutch assembly 5 with ice, and a blasting system 6.

The device operates as follows.

A device immersed in water, for example, is fixed through the hole under ice 7 in a vertical position by the buoyancy force created by the design of the float chamber. The device is pressed by the float chamber to the bottom surface of the ice and is joined to it by the clutch assembly, which holds the device from its horizontal movement.

When a command (signal) is given to detonation, an explosive charge is initiated, the ice cover is destroyed under the action of an explosive load, and an explosive wave diverging towards the surface of the ice sheet ejects pieces of ice from the destruction zone.

Claims (5)

1. Device for opening ice cover, including an explosive charge installed under the ice cover, and a blasting system, characterized in that the explosive charge is equipped with a streamlined float chamber filled with gas or other material, the density of which is lower than the density of water, while it made with the possibility of fixing the distance L between the ice sheet and the explosive charge, determined by the formula

where m _z is the mass of the explosive charge;
k is a coefficient that determines the consumption of explosives. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the explosive charge is connected to the float chamber through a mechanical element that, in working condition, increases the distance between them. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the explosive charge facing the float chamber is made convex. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the float chamber is equipped with an ice clutch assembly. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the volume of the float chamber is selected from the condition

where M is the mass of the device;
ρ _in is the density of water;
V _s - the amount of explosive charge.

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