RU2367826C1 - Breaking hydraulic ram - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to field of mechanical hydraulics and can be used for water lifting in coastal zone. Hydraulic ram contains percussive and pressure valves, air bottle, supply tube with water-receiving part, charging line and discharge tank. Ram is outfitted by bypass pipe with gate - internal check valve from the side of water surface and hopper, communicated through stroke valve with feed tube, from the other side. Water-receiving part of feed tube is implemented as built-up, including ring, nozzle and confuser. Ring is implemented as rotary relative to vertical axis. Inflow face of nozzle is installed in place of maximal rate of breaker.

EFFECT: receiving the ability of maximal usage of breakers kinetic energy in coastal zone for water lifting.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of technical hydraulics and can be used to raise water in the coastal zones of oceans, seas, large lakes and artificial reservoirs.

Known hydraulic ram (Shterenlikht D.V. Hydraulics: Textbook for high schools. - M .: Kolos, 2004, pp. 292-293), including a shock valve, discharge valve, air cap, feed pipe, discharge pipe and a receiving tank. Through the feed pipe, the ram is connected to the pool located above the ram mark, and through the discharge pipe to the receiving tank.

The disadvantage of a hydraulic ram is that its operation requires a pool located above the ram location horizon, i.e. a certain supply of potential energy of water is required, which does not allow the kinetic energy of breaking waves to be used for its operation.

A hydraulic ram is also known (RF patent No. 2218484, IPC F04F 7/02, published December 10, 2003) containing a feed pipe, an air cap, a discharge pipe, a check valve, a float valve, a concrete base, and an accumulation tank for collecting water. The end of the feeding pipe facing the water surface is made in the form of a truncated cone and serves as a water intake device. When the wave rolls into the cavity of the truncated cone of the feed pipe, it receives water and directs it to the feed pipe, when it moves, a hydraulic shock occurs when the float valve is closed under the action of Archimedean force. Due to the pressure of the water hammer, the non-return valve opens, water enters the air cap and then into the discharge pipe and into the storage tank for collecting water. When the water hammer pressure decreases to the pressure value in the air cap, the check valve closes and water from the feed pipe is poured into the reservoir. Next, the cycle repeats with each new wave.

A disadvantage of the known device is the imperfection of the water intake device, since the truncated cone is not able to direct all the received water into the feed pipe when a wave is struck. A substantial part of the kinetic energy of the wave is converted into pressure energy and is spent on the reflection of the wave from the inner surface of the cone, i.e. on its movement towards the water surface.

The objective of the invention is to develop the design of a water intake device that improves the efficiency of the hydraulic ram due to the maximum use of the kinetic energy of the breaking waves in coastal zones.

The problem is solved in that in a hydraulic ram containing shock and discharge valves, an air cap, a supply pipe with a water intake part, a discharge pipe and a receiving tank, the ram is equipped with a discharge pipe with a shutter-clapper from the side of the water surface and a funnel communicated through the shock valve with a feeding pipe, on the other hand, while the water receiving part of the feeding pipe is made integral, including a ring, a nozzle and a confuser, the ring being rotated relative to the vertical axis, and the input section of the nozzle is installed in place of the maximum velocity of the breaking wave.

The proposed technical solution is illustrated by the drawing, which shows a vertical section of a surf hydraulic ram. In the drawing are indicated:

1 - breaking wave;

2 - water intake ring;

3 - nozzle;

4 - supporting wall;

5 - confuser;

6 - feed pipe;

7 - shock valve;

8 - discharge valve;

9 - air cap;

10 - discharge pipeline;

11 - receiving tank;

12 - pressure slope;

13 - shutter-clapper;

14 - outlet pipe;

15 - receiving funnel;

16 - base.

The hydraulic ram consists of a supply pipe 6, a shock valve 7, a discharge valve 8, an air cap 9. On the side of the reservoir, the supply pipe 6 is connected to the confuser 5, smoothly passing into the nozzle 3 mounted above point A of the pressure slope 12. On the nozzle 3 with the help of pins (shown, but not indicated in the drawing), a water intake ring 2 is mounted with the possibility of rotation around a vertical axis (to set the input section parallel to the wave front). Directly under the shock valve 7 is a receiving funnel 15 with a branch pipe 14, the end of which on the water surface is equipped with a shutter - clapper 13. On the coastal side, the air cap 9 is connected through the discharge pipe 10 to the receiving tank 11. The ram is supported on the coastal strip by a supporting wall 4 and base 16.

The bottom hydraulic ram is equipped as follows. On the coastal area within the pressure slope, the location of point A is determined, where the maximum speed and the highest pressure intensity are observed upon impact of the breaking wave. Above the indicated point, the nozzle 3 inlet hole is positioned, fixing the ram receiving part (nozzle 3 and confuser 5) on the support 4, buried in the mass of the pressure slope 12. To calculate the parameters of the nozzle 3 and confuser 5, the wave height h is observed, which is most often observed when the water surface in the area. The diameter d of the nozzle inlet is 0.7 h, the total volume of the cavity of the water intake ring 2, nozzle 3, confuser 5 and supply pipe 6 is determined so that it does not exceed the wave volume determined from the nozzle diameter and wavelength β at the average level wave line, (SUSL), i.e. the entire total volume of the water intake cavity of the ram must be filled with one wave. The axis of the water intake cavity is located on the SPML. At the base 16, a receiving funnel 15 and an outlet pipe 14 are arranged, the latter is equipped with a shutter — a clapper 13. The total volume of the funnel 15 and the pipe 14 is selected so that it exceeds the volume of water that has poured over the shock valve in one cycle.

The bottom hydraulic ram works as follows.

Part wave 1 moving at a velocity υ and possessing kinetic energy mυ ^2/2, the ring fills the water inlet 2, a nozzle 3, a confuser 5 and the pipe 6. After stroke valve 7 water is poured into the funnel 15 and into the pipe 14, filling them until the recession waves with a closed (under the action of a wave) shutter-clapper 13. The flow of water when passing through the nozzle 3 and confuser 5 smoothly compresses and the speed in the supply pipe increases, as follows from the flow equation, in proportion to the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the ring 2 to the cross-sectional area of the supply pipe 6 ( excluding losses).

In the absence of water in the supply pipe 6, the shock valve 7 under its own weight is in the open position. When water enters the ram cavity, its speed gradually increases when moving from the nozzle to the confuser and in the pipe becomes maximum. The energy loss in the nozzle and confuser does not exceed a total of 10%.

With an increase in the flow rate, the hydrodynamic pressure acting from bottom to top on the shock valve 7 increases. When the force of hydrodynamic pressure exceeds the weight of the valve, the latter will close abruptly. A water hammer occurs, in which the pressure in the pipe 12 in front of the discharge valve 8 rises and exceeds the pressure in the air cap 9, the pressure valve 8 opens and water under increased pressure begins to flow into the air cap 9, compressing the air in it.

From the air cap 9, water flows through the discharge pipe 10 into the reservoir 11. At the moment of shutting off the shock valve 7 in the supply pipe 6 and confuser 5, a wave process begins, which leads to a decrease in water velocity and a change in pressure in the pipe 6 and confuser 5. A negative shock occurs wave, the discharge valve 8 is closed and the remaining water in the ram cavity is poured into the reservoir. When the wave recoils, the shutter-clapper 13 on the branch pipe 14 opens and water from the pipe 14 and the funnel 15 is poured out.

With the next wave, the cycle repeats. The ram works automatically, feeding a certain portion of water with each wave to the air cap 9, which smoothes out the change in speed of the water pumped into the receiving tank 11, providing a relatively uniform supply. The ram directly uses the kinetic energy of the breaking waves to supply part of the water entering the water intake cavity.

, с учетом 10% потерь в сопле и конфузоре 49-0,1·49=44,1 раза. При указанных параметрах тарана объем его водоприемной полости составляет 0,28 кубического метра, объем воды в волне, поступающий в полость тарана при средней ширине волны 1,2 м составляет 0,46 кубического метра, т.е. вся полость тарана при начальном истечении воды через ударный клапан будет заполнена водой, что необходимо для возникновения гидравлического удара. При гидравлическом ударе около 0,1 кубического метра воды поступает в воздушный колпак и далее в приемный резервуар, расположенный на высоте 5 м над уровнем моря. При периодичности волн, равной 6 с, расход воды, поступающей в приемный резервуар, составит 60 м³/час.Example. For operation from waves with a height of 1 m, the tamper is characterized by the following dimensions: ring diameter - 0.7 m; ring width (protruding beyond the confuser) - 0.3 m; nozzle diameters - 0.7 m (inlet) and 0.4 m (outlet); nozzle width - 0.4 m; diameters of the confuser - 0.4 m and 0.1 m, respectively; the length of the confuser is 1.45 m (with a taper angle of 12 degrees); pipe diameter 0.1 m; pipe length 0.5 m. The flow rate of water in the supply pipe increases compared to the wave velocity in

, taking into account 10% of losses in the nozzle and confuser 49-0.1 · 49 = 44.1 times. With the indicated ram parameters, the volume of its water intake cavity is 0.28 cubic meters, the volume of water in the wave entering the ram cavity with an average wavelength of 1.2 m is 0.46 cubic meters, i.e. the entire ram chamber during the initial outflow of water through the shock valve will be filled with water, which is necessary for the occurrence of water hammer. With a hydraulic shock, about 0.1 cubic meters of water flows into the air cap and then into the receiving tank, located at an altitude of 5 m above sea level. With a wave frequency of 6 s, the flow rate of water entering the receiving tank will be 60 m ³ / h.

It is the execution of a hydraulic ram by equipping the feed pipe with a confuser, nozzle and an annular water intake rotary relative to the vertical axis, equipping the ram with a discharge pipe with a drain funnel and a clapper-gate, and installing the nozzle in place of the maximum breaking wave speed provide a smooth increase in water speed with minimal energy loss. As a result, its efficiency increases due to the maximum use of the kinetic energy of the breaking waves.

Claims (1)

A hydraulic ram containing shock and discharge valves, an air cap, a supply pipe with a water intake part, a discharge pipe and a receiving tank, characterized in that the ram is equipped with a discharge pipe with a clapper-shutter on the water surface side and a funnel communicated through the shock valve with the feed pipe on the other hand, in this case, the water intake part of the supply pipe is made integral, including a ring, a nozzle and a confuser, the ring being made rotatable relative to the vertical axis, and the inlet section The nozzle was installed in the place of the maximum velocity of the breaking wave.

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