RU2310756C1 - Method for exhausted pit reclamation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction and mining, particularly reclamation of pit depressions after building stone and other surface mineral production.

SUBSTANCE: method involves working out pit; filling the worked-out space; leveling thereof and laying ground layer thereon. After pit working-out ditch and water-draining trenches are formed along pit perimeter to impart regular geometrical shape to pit along with pit side flattening to obtain pit sides inclination of not more than 30° along with following pit side compaction by rolling thereof with compaction machines and mechanisms; pouring sand on designed pit slopes; laying impervious screen made of high-density polyethylene on sand layer; pouring ground layer having thickness of not less than 0.5 m on the impervious screen; covering pit bottom with clay layer; compacting clay layer and inclining thereof towards collecting well composed of reinforced concrete rings; arranging radial bed drainage of crushed stone and sand on pit bottom so that the drainage is directed towards collecting well; forming water-removal ditch along pit perimeter; filling the pit with compacted building waste briquettes; arranging clay screen having thickness of not less than 0.3 m over building waste briquettes; arranging plant layer on clay screen.

EFFECT: decreased labor inputs and reclamation work costs.

Description

The invention relates to mining and construction, and may find application in the technical reclamation of quarries remaining after the extraction of building stone and other near-surface minerals.

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is a method of restoring disturbed lands during open-pit mining of deposits (1), including separate excavation, moving, storing soil layer and overburden in separate tape dumps, mining the quarry field, laying out the worked out space and leveling it overburden with subsequent laying of the soil layer. The disadvantage of this method is to extract large volumes of soil to create a fertile layer, which, in turn, leads to the formation of large areas of disturbed land, an increase in labor costs and a significant increase in the cost of restoration work.

The proposed technical solution reduces labor costs and the cost of restoration work.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method of reclamation of spent quarries, including separate excavation, moving and storing soil layers and overburden in separate tape dumps, quarrying, laying out the worked out space, leveling it and laying the soil layer, according to the invention, the device is first produced after quarrying pit and drainage ditches along the perimeter of the quarry with giving the quarry the development of the correct geometric shapes, with flattening the sides of the quarry to the steepness from wasps of not more than 30 degrees and subsequent compaction of the quarry sides by rolling with sealing machines and mechanisms, then on a planned slope a sand dump is made, on which an anti-filter screen made of high density polyethylene is laid with its subsequent filling with a layer of soil at least 0.5 m thick, while the bottom of the pit is covered with a layer of clay, compacted and planned in the direction of the receiving well, made of precast concrete rings, and arranged along the bottom of the foundation pit, in the direction of the receiving wells, radial reservoir drainage made of gravel and sand, in addition, a drainage ditch is made along the perimeter of the quarry, then the foundation pit is filled with pressed briquettes from solid construction waste, after completion of the laying process, a clay screen with a thickness of at least 0.3 m is placed over which they sprinkle the plant layer, and then carry out a set of agrotechnical measures. The reclamation made will restore the previously disturbed natural landscape and return the land to a condition suitable for economic use.

The method is as follows.

Before reclamation begins, the quarry is an irregularly shaped notch. Therefore, in order to use pressed briquettes from solid construction waste for laying quarries, a pit is first constructed to give the quarry a regular geometric shape and equip drainage ditches around the perimeter. The sides of the quarry are flattened. The steepness of the slopes in this case should not exceed 30 degrees. After flattening, the sides of the quarry are compacted by rolling with sealing machines and mechanisms and planned. On the planned slopes, sand is dumped under the anti-filter screen. The anti-filter screen is performed by means of a geomembrane made of high density polyethylene up to 1 mm thick. The anti-filter screen is protected from possible damage by pouring a layer of soil over it with a thickness of at least 0.5 m. On the bottom of the foundation pit, an clay base is arranged by pouring a layer of clay with its subsequent compaction. The clay base is compacted and planned in the direction of the receiving well. The receiving well is made of prefabricated reinforced concrete pipes and increased as the foundation pit is laid. On the bottom of the pit, in the direction of the receiving well, they arrange a beam reservoir drainage made of gravel and sand. A drainage system is arranged for the possible formation of a filtrate in the process of reclamation. Protection of the base and sides of the quarry with an anti-filtration membrane and a clay lock eliminates contact of the bookmark materials with groundwater. A drainage ditch is made along the perimeter of the quarry in order to prevent the ingress of rain and melt water from the adjacent territory. Pressed briquettes from solid construction debris are stored in a quarry in several tiers until it is completely filled. An insulating clay screen with a thickness of at least 0.3 m is arranged on top of the briquettes. At the end of the restoration, a complex of agrotechnical and phyto-reclamation measures is carried out aimed at restoring the disturbed lands. To lay quarries in this way, you can also use pressed briquettes from solid household waste. The introduction of this technical solution reduces the cost of reclamation work through the use of construction waste that is constantly generated as a result of reconstruction, demolition and repair of buildings and structures, and there is no need to extract large volumes of soil to create a fertile layer. Considering the fact that constantly generated construction waste is taken to landfills for the disposal of construction and household waste, the implementation of this technical solution will improve the environmental situation and restore the previously disturbed natural landscape and return the land to a condition suitable for use.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2109427, Cl. A01B 19/02, 1998

Claims (1)

The method of reclamation of spent quarries, including separate excavation, movement and storage of soil layer and overburden in separate tape dumps, quarry mining, laying of the worked out space, its leveling and laying of the soil layer, characterized in that after excavation of the quarry, pit and drainage ditches are first constructed along the perimeter of the quarry with giving the quarry the development of the correct geometric shapes with a flattening of the sides of the quarry to the steepness of the slopes of not more than 30 ° and the following by compaction of the quarry sides by rolling with sealing machines and mechanisms, then on a planned slope they make a sand dump, on which an anti-filter screen is made, made of high density polyethylene with its subsequent filling with a layer of soil with a thickness of at least 0.5 m, while the bottom of the pit is covered with a layer clay, compact it and plan in the direction of the receiving well, made of prefabricated reinforced concrete rings, and on the bottom of the pit arrange a radial drainage drainage towards the receiving well, you filled with crushed stone and sand, in addition, a drainage ditch is made along the perimeter of the quarry, then the pit is filled with pressed briquettes from solid construction debris, after completion of the laying process, at least 0.3 m thick clay screen is placed over the briquettes, on top of which the vegetative layer is sprinkled and carried out a complex of agricultural activities.