RU2654074C1 - Method for reclamation of disturbed land plots with the use of soil for reclamation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction and mining and can be used at the technical stage of land reclamation, disturbed by pit excavations. Method comprises laying the worked out space, its alignment and laying of the soil layer. In this case the soil for reclamation is obtained from building and demolition wastes processed in a crushing plant to the state of a crushed stone-sand mixture, wood wastes and soil formed during excavation, not contaminated with hazardous substances, in this case the disturbed land plot is divided into conditional technological maps of production of works of 1 hectare (100 m × 100 m), deliver ingredients for the production of soil for reclamation in a technological map for formation of technological layers, including the steps: a) pouring and leveling the crushed stone and sand mixture, b) backfilling and leveling of soil formed during excavation, not contaminated with hazardous substances, c) mixing and compacting with construction equipment, d) backfilling and leveling the reinforcing layer from wood waste, moving to the next technological map and repeating steps a)–d), wherein, the technological stages are formed with a capacity of not more than 1.5 m until the level of the surface is reached, and on the final technological stage an anti-filtration layer is formed from clay soils with slope 2° to the marginal parts of the reclamated land and drain the draining layer from the soil formed during excavation and not contaminated with hazardous substances, capacity 0.3±0.2 m, on top of which lay a fertile soil layer with a capacity of at least 0.25±0.05 m, after which the biological stage of reclamation is carried out.

EFFECT: increasing efficiency of the use of construction waste and demolition in production.

1 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to construction and mining and can be used at the technical stage of land reclamation violated by quarry excavations.

The closest technical solution is the "Method of reclamation of spent quarries" (1). The method includes the development of a quarry, the laying of the developed space, its alignment and laying of the soil layer. A drainage ditch is made along the perimeter of the quarry, then the pit is filled with pressed briquettes from solid construction waste (or solid household waste), after completion of the laying process, a clay screen with a thickness of at least 0.3 m is arranged on top of the briquettes, on top of which the vegetative layer is sprinkled. The disadvantages of this method is the violation of the natural hydrological regime by creating impermeable screens, the use of pressed materials that differ from the density of addition of natural (natural) soils, and the use of municipal solid waste as a recultant limits the further economic use of reclaimed land.

The proposed technical solution ensures the efficient use of construction waste and the restoration of land disturbed by quarry excavations, which differs from the known method in that an environmentally friendly product is formed - soil for reclamation, the production process and the application of which do not lead to a negative impact on the components of the natural environment.

This is achieved by the fact that the quarry pits are filled with soil for reclamation, prepared according to the technological regulations and in accordance with the technical specifications (TU 571270-001-18659449-2015) from construction and demolition waste processed at the Mobile Screening crushing plant to crushed stone - sand mixture with a predominance of fractions with a particle size of 5-10 mm; wood waste; soil formed during excavation, not contaminated with hazardous substances, which in its physical, physico-chemical, chemical properties and composition has an affinity for the earth's crust. Table 1 presents the recipe for the preparation of the product - soil for reclamation.

The proposed method of reclamation of disturbed lands includes a set of related technological operations:

1. Crushing of construction and demolition waste at the Mobile Screen plant on a separate allotment within the boundaries of the disturbed land;

2. Breakdown of quarry excavation into conditional technological maps with an area of 1 ha (100 × 100 m) for work;

3. Delivery of ingredients for the production of soil for reclamation in the technological map with the formation of the technological layer, including:

a) filling and leveling of crushed stone and sand mixture (0.9 m thick);

b) filling and leveling the soil formed during excavation, not contaminated with hazardous substances (0.3 m thick);

c) mixing and compaction of construction equipment;

d) filling and leveling of the reinforcing layer from wood waste (0.3 m thick);

d) confirmation of the quality of the finished product - soil for reclamation - the requirements of TU 571270-001-18659449-2015;

4. Transition to the next routing and repetition of operations of point 3;

5. Formation of technological tiers with a capacity of not more than 1.5 m by repeating items 3-4 to reach the level of the day surface;

6. Formation of an antifiltration layer from clay soils with Kf not higher than 0.0086 m / day with a slope of 2 ° to the marginal parts of the reclaimed land on the surface of the final soil layer for reclamation;

7. Construction on the surface of the antifiltration layer of the drainage layer, consisting of soil formed during excavation, not contaminated with hazardous substances, with a thickness of up to 0.5 ± 0.2 m at the highest point, with Kf not more than 0.1 m / s;

8. Laying a fertile soil layer over a drainage layer with a thickness of at least 0.25 ± 0.05 m;

9. Conducting the biological stage of reclamation.

The specified method, characterized by positive production, economic and investment indicators, allows you to restore the relief surface and individual components of the natural environment of the disturbed land to its original state for the purposes of agricultural, forestry, environmental and sanitary-hygienic directions for their reclamation using construction waste and demolition in soil production for reclamation.

The proposed technical solution ensures the involvement in the secondary production of construction and demolition waste; wood waste; soil formed during excavation, not contaminated with hazardous substances, with the production of environmentally friendly products - soil for reclamation, which allows not only to restore the relief surface, soil and vegetation cover disturbed by quarry excavations of land, but also to prevent erosion processes.

1. RF patent RU 2310756, Cl. E21C 41/32, 2007

Claims (6)

A method of restoring disturbed land plots using soil for reclamation, including laying the mined-out space, leveling it and laying the soil layer, characterized in that the soil for reclamation is obtained from construction and demolition waste processed in a crushing plant to the state of crushed-sand mixture, wood waste and soil formed during excavation, not contaminated with hazardous substances, while the disturbed land is divided into conditional technologist cal card production work area of 1 ha (100 m × 100 m), deliver ingredients to soil reclamation in the production for routing process for forming longline comprising the steps of: a) filling and leveling gravel-sand mixture, b) filling and leveling the soil formed during excavation, not contaminated with hazardous substances, c) mixing and compaction of construction equipment, d) filling and leveling the reinforcing layer of wood waste, transition to the next routing and repeating steps a) to d), whereby the technological layers are formed with a thickness of not more than 1.5 m until the level of the day surface is reached, and on the final technological layer an antifiltration layer of clay soils with a slope of 2 ° to the edge parts of the reclaimed of the land plot and pour a drainage layer from the soil formed during the excavation and not contaminated with hazardous substances, 0.3 ± 0.2 m thick, on top of which a fertile layer of soil of thickness at least 0.25 ± 0.05 m, after which the biological stage of reclamation is carried out.