RU2310301C1 - Method for soil aeration and apparatus for performing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: soil aeration process and equipment.

SUBSTANCE: method involves varying amounts of compressed air supplied per unit of time depending on soil density and tillage depth. Apparatus has working tool mounted on frame and provided with openings for supplying of air under soil, compressed air supplying channel provided with valve which is opened upon deepening of working tool into soil. Working tool is positioned for rotation in vertical plane relative to frame equipped with faceplate. Valve has stem with plate and is placed in box wherein compressed air is supplied, and is provided with system for adjusting valve section in order to supply required amounts of compressed air. Valve section adjusting system consists of springs, one of said springs being connected to upper part of working tool and other spring being disposed between box and valve stem plate. Method allows compressed air to be effectively supplied into soil for providing microbiological processes facilitating in improvement of soil structure and increasing soil fertility.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in utilization of compressed air energy for performing useful work for aeration and saturation of soil by varying air amounts, to thereby improve soil structure and fertility.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, mainly for aeration of the soil with air, necessary for microbiological processes that improve the structure and increase soil fertility.

When cultivating crops, about 60% of the surface of the fields are affected by movers of tractor units, which leads to soil compaction. Due to the increase in soil density, the penetration of air and moisture into the soil is hindered, the water-air regime worsens, and the course of microbiological aerobic processes slows down.

When plowing, as a result of repeated exposure to plowshares, the so-called "plow sole" is formed in the subcultural layer. This is a compacted soil layer, which prevents the penetration of air and moisture under the arable layer.

For loosening the soil, deep loosening is used, for example, ploskorezami-deep-rippers, which loosen the soil without turning the bed. It is advisable to combine this operation with the supply of compressed air under the soil for aeration and saturation of the soil with air, which is necessary for the intensive flow of microbiological processes that improve the structure and increase soil fertility.

A known method of aeration of soil with compressed air (JP, A01B 35/00, 5-45202, publ. 08.07.93. No. 1-1131 and JP, A01B 35/00, 5-37602, publ. 03.06.93. No. 1-941 ) The method consists in the fact that with the help of a working body, compressed air is supplied under the soil, expands under the soil, aerates and saturates it.

This method is carried out in devices known from the same patents, containing working bodies with openings for discharging air under the soil and channels for supplying compressed air from a source of compressed air.

Closest to the proposed invention is the patent JP, A01B 35/00, 5-37602, publ. 06/03/93. No. 1-941 "Self-propelled pneumatic soil structurer" (prototype), in which compressed air is supplied under the soil after deepening the paws (working bodies) into the soil, for which a valve is installed in the compressed air supply channel.

When cultivating crops, tractor units do not affect the soil in the same way - in some areas they pass once, in others several times, there are areas that are intensively affected by harvesting and transport units, and in some only soil-cultivating units. Therefore, the density of the soil is characterized by great unevenness, it varies along the path of the unit for loosening the soil over a wide range.

A disadvantage of the known method of soil aeration is that the amount of air supplied per unit time (flow rate) is not related to the density of the soil and the depth of processing.

This leads to irrational use of compressed air energy and disruption of the aeration process, since the thickness of the aerated and air-saturated layer decreases on more dense soil, and part of the compressed air escapes into the atmosphere on less dense soil, sprays the upper soil layer, and a part of the energy spent on it is lost air compression. The same thing happens when treating the soil at different depths. With a large depth of processing, the aerated layer decreases, since air consumption is small, and with a shallower depth, a part of the energy of the air escaping into the atmosphere is lost.

In the known method described in the above patents, the amount of air supplied per unit time does not depend on the density of the soil and the depth of processing.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the efficiency of using the energy of compressed air to perform useful work on aeration and saturation of the soil with air by changing the amount of air supplied under the soil per unit time when changing the density of the soil and the depth of processing.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of soil aeration with air, providing compressed air under the soil, the amount of compressed air supplied per unit time (flow rate) is reduced with a decrease in soil density and depth of cultivation and increased with an increase in density and depth of soil cultivation.

To achieve the named technical result, a device is proposed which, like the closest known to it (Jp, A01, B 35/00, 5-37602), contains a working body with holes for supplying air under the soil, a channel for supplying compressed air with installed in it with a valve that opens when the working body is deepened into the soil. In contrast to the known, the proposed device is equipped with a valve, the bore of which changes with a change in soil density and depth of tillage. To do this, the working body is mounted on a finger, around which the working body can rotate under the action of two forces - the reaction of the soil on the one hand and the force of the pre-compressed spring on the other hand. The valve opens when the working body is deepened into the soil, when the soil reaction becomes more than the force of preliminary compression of the spring. The greater the reaction of the soil acting on the tooth, the more the spring is compressed, the more the working body rotates around the finger, the more the valve cross-section opens, which ensures an increase in air flow. With a decrease in the reaction of the soil to the working body, the angle of its rotation decreases, the bore of the valve decreases, and the air flow decreases.

The drawing shows a schematic diagram of a device for implementing the above method of aeration of the soil.

The device consists of a frame 1, a finger 2, a working member 3 with a pipe 4 and an outlet 5 installed around it with a possibility of rotation around the finger 5. The upper end of the working body 3 abuts against a spring 6, the preliminary compression of which is regulated by the flywheel 7. In the upper part of the working body 3, a box 8 is installed, in which a spring-loaded valve 9 is installed, the stem of which has a plate and a roller 10. The valve moves in a sleeve 11, which is closed by anther 12. The roller 10 interacts with the plate 13 connected to the frame 1. The plate 13 is installed lena movable relative to the frame 1 along the plane 14. When the actuator 3 is not recessed into the ground, between the roller 10 and the plate 13 there is a gap. The bore of the circular hole 15 depends on the movement of the valve 9 in the sleeve 11.

The device operates as follows. When the working body 3 is deepened into the soil, under the influence of the soil reaction, it rotates clockwise. In this case, the spring 6 is compressed, the roller 10 abuts against the pad 13, the valve 9 opens and compressed air from the box 8 through the hole 15 through the channel 4 and the outlet 5 is supplied under the soil, expands under the soil, loosens, aerates and saturates it with air.

When hitting a plot of soil with a higher density, the reaction of the soil increases, the compression of the spring 6 increases, the rotation of the working body 3 around the finger 2 increases, the valve 9 moves to the left, compressing the spring 16, the bore of the hole 15 increases, therefore, the amount of air supplied to the soil in unit time (flow rate) increases.

When the density of the soil decreases, the soil reaction decreases, the compression of the spring 6 decreases, the rotation of the working body 3 decreases, under the action of the spring 16, the valve 9 moves to the right, the passage section of the hole 15 decreases, and the air consumption decreases.

Similarly, the device works when changing the depth of tillage. At smaller depths, the soil reaction is less, the rotation of the working body 3 is less, the bore of the hole 15 is smaller, the air consumption is less. With greater depth, the reaction of the soil is greater, the rotation of the working body 3 is greater, the bore of the hole 15 is larger, so the air consumption is greater.

Claims (2)

1. The method of aeration of the soil, including the movement of the working body in the soil and the supply of compressed air under the soil, characterized in that the amount of air supplied per unit time varies depending on the density of the soil and the depth of processing. 2. A device for soil aeration, including a working body mounted on the frame with holes for supplying air under the soil, a channel for supplying compressed air with a valve installed in it, opening when the working body is deepened into the soil, characterized in that the working body is mounted for rotation in a vertical plane relative to the frame having a cover plate, and the valve has a stem with a plate and is placed in a box into which compressed air is supplied, and is equipped with a system that regulates the flow area of the valve for supplying compressed air air, consisting of springs, one of which is connected to the upper part of the working body, and the other is installed between the box and the valve stem plate, the latter having a roller interacting with the cover plate mounted on the frame with the possibility of movement relative to it.