RU2303094C1 - Threadless rail fastening and its members - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport; permanent ways of main-line industrial, underground transport and street-cars.

SUBSTANCE: invention is designed for fastening rails to rail bases. Proposed fastening contains embedded members and fixing wedge-like members. Each embedded member consists of electric insulating component and main carrying metal component. Upper part of embedded member rests by its electric insulating component onto concave legs of rod spring clamps. Made in lower part of embedded member arranged in upper part of two-leg anchor is slot in direction of track axis into which fixing wedge-like member is fitted through hole in two-leg anchor. Said wedge-like member engages through upper surface with two-leg anchor, and engages through one of steps of lower stepped surface with lower part of slot of embedded member. Carrying metal component of wedge-like member is made T-shaped and is provided with slot in direction of track axis in lower part. Lower inclined surface of slot is orientated at angle α within 10°≤α≤20° to horizon. Electric insulating component of embedded member has two semitoroidal grooves in convex part for contacting with legs of rod spring clamp. Lower inclined surface of fixing wedge-like member is made stepped, with inclined planes in zone of steps. Tilting of planes relative of horizon corresponds to angle α within 10°≤α≤20°, and upper surface is made rounded off to correspond to rounding off in two-leg anchor.

EFFECT: provision of reliable pressing of rail with possibility of adjustment of pressure, reduced labor input at current maintenance and repairs of track owing to exclusion of operations for servicing threaded joints, possibility of adjustment of track gauge and position of rail lines in height.

7 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a railway track and is intended for attaching rails to under-rail bases (reinforced concrete, composite, etc.) of trunk, industrial transport, subways and tram facilities.

A non-lining rail fastening is known that contains anchor elements in the form of brackets, oriented in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the track, spring holders resting on the rail sole through shock absorbers (and at the same time electrical insulators), metal wedges that fix the gauge (SU 802436, Е01В 9/30, 02/07/1981). However, this bonding option virtually eliminates the possibility of adjusting the rail yarn in height due to a significant violation of the stable position of the interacting elements in comparison with their position at the nominal (initial) position. In addition, with wear or a decrease in the elastic properties of the holders, the probability of their spontaneous separation and the loss of the bearing capacity of the bond as a whole increases sharply.

Closest to this invention is the technical solution "Rail anchor fastening" (RU 2267569 C1, 03/03/2004), containing anchors monolithic in concrete, having two branches protruding with the upper parts above the surface of the rail platform, rod spring terminals having upper and lower branches , rail liners, insulating box gaskets, rail shock absorbing pad and insulating thrust bearings to support the terminal shanks, while also containing terminal T-bolts with nuts and Trier electrically insulating elements with steel support plates, and also may comprise regulating the track width and the height position of the rail elements (it is selected as the prototype). This fastening provides the ability to adjust the position of the rail threads in both vertical and transverse horizontal directions while eliminating the eccentricity of the load transfer to the embedded bolt and ensuring the stability of the working conditions of the interacting elements corresponding to their work at the nominal (initial) position. However, the disadvantages of the aforementioned fastening include the presence of a threaded connection in the form of T-bolts with nuts, which requires periodic tightening of the nuts in connection with their weakening from the effects of dynamic train loads, which accordingly leads to a weakening of the pressure of the rail below the normalized values. It is also necessary to maintain a fastening with threaded elements - this is mainly lubrication with loosening and tightening the nuts once or twice a year, depending on operating conditions. The presence of additional labor costs leads to an increase in financial costs.

The technical result of the claimed invention is the provision of reliable rail pressing with the possibility of adjusting the pressing force when applying bolt-free fastening of elements and, accordingly, reducing labor costs for the current maintenance and repair of the track by eliminating the work of caring for threaded joints, as well as observing the possibility of adjusting the gauge and adjusting the position of the rail threads in height.

The essence of the claimed invention lies in the fact that the threadless rail fastening comprises two-branch anchors that are monolithic in the rail base and protrude in the upper parts above the surfaces of the rail platform, on which the rail rail is installed to mount the rail on it, electrical insulating box gaskets installed between the sides of the upper parts and rail liners, on which the rod spring terminals rest with their lower branch, and their shank ami - to insulating thrust bearings placed on the rail base, and for threadless mounting of the rail to the rail base, it contains embedded elements and fixing wedge-shaped elements, while each embedded element consists of an electrically insulating component and a main supporting metal component made of a T-shape, while the upper part of the embedded element of its electrical insulating component rests on the concave branches of the terminals, and in the lower part of the embedded element In the upper part of the anchor, a slot is made in the direction of the path axis, into which a fixing wedge-shaped element is inserted through the hole in the anchor, which interacts with the anchor with the upper surface and interacts with the lower part of the slot of the embedded element by one of the steps of the lower step surface.

To ensure reliable engagement of the elements in a threadless rail fastening, the slot of each embedded element in the lower part is made in the form of a flat inclined surface oriented at an angle α to the horizontal, and the lower inclined stepped surface of the fixing wedge-shaped element is made with inclined planes in the step zone, while the plane is inclined relative to the horizon should correspond in magnitude to the angle α in the area of the lower plane of the slot in the embedded element, while ensuring the pairing surfaces and the fitting member engages with a locking wedge member, as well as providing the possibility of regulating the magnitude of pressing rail depending on stage of the locking wedge member.

In a threadless rail fastener, the upper surface of the wedge-shaped element is made with a rounded outline along the entire length to ensure interaction with the rounded part of the anchor.

The electrical insulating component of the embedded element has two sesquicidal grooves in the convex part for contacting with the branches of the terminal.

In addition, depending on the vertical path straightening, the threadless rail anchor fastener has at least one additional adjusting pad of the required thickness, which is placed between the under-rail pad and the under-rail reinforced concrete base, and at least one adjusting plate of the required thickness, depending on the amount of adjustment by both rail gauge, placed in an electrically insulating box lining.

The embedded element of the boltless rail fastening comprises an electrically insulating component and a main bearing metal component, wherein the supporting metal component is T-shaped, and a slot is made in its lower part along the path axis, while the lower inclined surface of the slot is oriented at an angle α within 10 ° ≤α≤20 ° to the horizon, the insulating component of the embedded element has two sesquicidal grooves in the convex part for contacting with the terminal branches.

The fixing wedge-shaped element of boltless rail fastening has the shape of a wedge, while the lower inclined surface is stepped with inclined planes in the zone of the steps, while the inclination of the planes with respect to the horizontal corresponds to an angle α within 10 ° ≤α≤20 °, and the upper surface is rounded forms in accordance with the rounding in the anchor.

The present invention is illustrated by drawings, where on figa and figb presents the initial position of the rail fastening with a standard gauge (for example 1520 mm);

figure 2 - the position of the rail fastening along each rail yarn when they are displaced in the direction of increasing gauge (for example, up to 1535 mm for a curve radius of 350 m);

figure 3 - the position of the rail fastening in the zones of transition curves;

figure 4 - the position of the parts of the rail fastening with a change in the position of the rail yarn in height;

figure 5 is a General view of the anchor;

figure 6 - electrical insulating box gasket;

Fig.7 - rod spring terminal;

on Fig - embedded element;

figure 9 - fixing wedge-shaped element;

figure 10 - metal rail liner;

figure 11 is a thrust bearing;

on Fig - adjusting composite plate.

The fastening unit contains a rail 1 (rail thread), on the base of which metal rail liners 2 are mounted, they are supported by the lower branch of the terminal 3, insulating box gaskets 4, metal anchors 5 having two branches monolithic in the rail base 6 (concrete, composite or etc.), embedded elements 7, containing electrically insulating parts in the contact areas with the rod terminals 3 adjacent to the support plates that make up a single whole of the embedded elements, and a wedge in the rod parts at the bottom shaped slots (openings) oriented along the axis of the path into which the fixing wedge-shaped elements 8 are inserted, the electrical insulating thrusts 9 with steel plates for supporting the terminal shanks 3, the shock absorbing pad 10 laid on the rail platform 11 of the rail base 6, longitudinal drainage grooves 12, passing through the protruding parts of the metal anchors 5 over the entire width of the rail base 6. To adjust the position of the rail threads 1 in height, the bond contains the alignment plate 13, and to adjust the rail track width, the adjustment plate 14. For water drainage in the rail base 6, drainage grooves 15 are made under the thrust bearings 9, and for the possibility of using the rail base also with bolt type of fastening (prototype) - pits 16. For boltless rail fastening, the rail base can be performed without drainage grooves 15 and pits 16.

For the standard width (for example, the initial 1520 mm) of the track in straight sections of the track and curves of large radii, the fastening can be used without an adjustment plate 14 with a reduced distance between the protruding parts of the anchors 5 (see figa) or with an increased thickness of the insulating box strip 4.

While ensuring the standard gauge using the adjusting plate 14, it is placed only on the elevated side of the rail track (see figb).

When placing the plates 14 only on the lower side of the rail platform, the rail threads 1 are displaced toward the maximum increase in the rail gauge (FIG. 2) for use in small radius curves.

In the zones of transition curves, the smooth extension of the gauge broadening is carried out by a set of adjustment plates 14 both from the increased and from the lowered sides of the rail track (Fig. 3).

Simultaneously with the change in the position of the rail yarns 1 in the transverse horizontal direction, it is possible to adjust the rail yarns in the vertical direction by placing adjusting rail linings 13 between the rail 1 and the rail rail 10 (Fig. 4).

The plate metal anchor 5 (Fig. 5) in the upper part 17 protruding from the rail base has a slot 18 for accommodating the embedded element 7 (see Figs. 1-4), and the bend of the branches of the anchor is made with a radius of 19 for interacting with the fixing wedge-shaped element 8.

To ensure reliable connection of the anchor 5 with the material (concrete, etc.) of the rail base 6, through holes 20 are provided in both branches of the anchor 20. To increase the range of rotation of the embedded element 7 when adjusting the position of the rail threads 1 in the vertical and transverse horizontal directions, the wall thickness 21 in the zone slot 17 is reduced.

Figure 6 shows a diagram of an electrically insulating box strip 4 (see figure 1-4), which serves to isolate the electric rail circuits. Its position in the longitudinal horizontal direction is fixed using two vertical tides 22 at the ends of the gasket, covering the anchor 5 on both sides, while providing offset, if necessary, box gasket 4 relative to the anchor 5 in the vertical direction.

On the opposite side of the tides, the electrically insulating box gaskets 4 have lower 23 and upper 24 horizontal protrusions (ribs) and two vertical 25, which generally form a box around the perimeter, covering the insert 2 (see Figs. 1-4), which also contains adjusting plates 14 (see figures 1-4), preventing them from "creeping" up when exposed to train loads.

An additional reinforcement of the fixation of the liner 2 and the plates 14 in the vertical direction is provided by the protrusions 26 on the inner side of the vertical ribs 25 engaged with the corresponding cutouts on the lateral edges of the liner 2 and the plates 14. In addition, semicircular cutouts 27 are arranged in the lateral ribs 25 through which the straight support part of the lower branch of the terminal 3 passes (see Figs. 1-4) at the nominal (without adjustment plates) position of the parts of the fastener assembly.

Figure 7 shows the rod spring terminal 3 containing the upper concave (pair) 28 and lower 29 branches and two shanks 30. When transferring the vertical load to the upper branch 28, its further distribution is between the shanks 30 resting on the concrete rail base 6 and through a straight part of the lower branch 29 of terminal 3 on the rail metal liner 2 (see Fig.1-4), then on the bottom of the rail 1.

The tension (compression) of the terminals 3 is carried out by the embedded elements 7 (Fig. 8), the convex part 31 of which is in contact with the concave upper branches 28 of the bar terminal 3 (see Figs. 1-4) through two grooves 32 of a half-toroidal shape existing in the convex part. The entire upper part of the embedded element 7 provides electrical insulation of the main supporting metal element 33 of the T-shape. To ensure the alignment of the load transfer to the embedded element 7 (see Figs. 1-4), a recess 34 is provided. To ensure the engagement of the embedded elements 7, slots 35 are provided, made in the direction of the path axis, for fixing wedge-shaped elements 8 to be inserted into them (Fig. 9 ) engaged with metal anchors 5 (see FIG. 5). Moreover, the lower inclined surface of the slot 35 has a slope at an angle α relative to the horizontal.

The upper surface of the fixing wedge-shaped element 8 has a rounded shape 36 in accordance with the curvature 19 in the anchors 5. The lower surface of the fixing wedge-shaped element 8 is formed by steps that allow you to adjust the tension of the terminal 3 (pressing forces), while the inclination of the planes of the steps is an angle α, and should be equal to the angle α of the bottom surface of the slot 35 in the embedded element 7, providing contact planes. A stable position of the interacting elements 7 and 8 (see figures 1-4) is achieved due to the steps 37, because eliminates the possibility of displacement of the fixing wedge-shaped element 8 relative to the embedded element 7.

The angle α for the fixing wedge-shaped element and the embedded element is selected within 10 ° ≤ α≤20 °, since with a smaller angle of inclination it will be necessary to increase the length of the platform to create a step and step 37, and a larger angle of inclination will lead to an increase in the forces leading to the slip of the inclined surfaces, and require large ledges 37, and accordingly, greater force will need to be applied to establish the element, and there will also be a greater consumption of metal in all conjugate elements.

When installing under the sole of the rail adjusting 13 in the vertical direction of the gaskets (see figure 4) in accordance with their thickness, it is possible to change the position of the fixing wedge-shaped elements 8 in steps. In order to limit the possibility of displacement of the fixing wedge-shaped element 8 when installing it, a restrictive wall 38 is provided on the thickened side. To facilitate the possibility of removing the fixing wedge-shaped element 8 from the slot 35 in the embedded element 7 (see Figs. 1-4), a load P is applied in the direction of the arrow shown in figure 4, exceeding by 15 ... 20% of the nominal load. The removal is carried out using a device introduced into the lumen 39 for engagement with the emphasis 40 of the fixing wedge-shaped element 8.

Terminals 3 (see Figs. 1-4) are in contact with the sole of rail 1 through metal rail liners 2 (Fig. 10), the upper part of which has a concave surface 41 corresponding to or slightly larger diameter of the terminal 3 rod, and the lower surface 42 is corresponding the outline of the inclined and vertical planes of the sole of the rail 1. On the lateral vertical edges of the liner 2, cutouts 43 are arranged that engage with the above-mentioned protrusions 26 in the vertical ribs of the electrical insulating box gaskets 4 (see FIG. 6).

The thrust bearings 9 (Fig. 11), on which the shanks 30 of the terminals 3 are supported, are structurally made in the form of electrical insulating spacers containing composite material in the lower part 44, and the metal component in the upper part 45, which they cover around the perimeter by means of the contour projection 46, which improves the reliability of insulation of electric rail circuits.

The adjusting plates 14 (Fig. 12) should be made predominantly single to the maximum design thickness, depending on the amount of adjustment by both rail threads of the gauge for both circular and transitional curves. On the lateral edges of the adjustment plates 14, cutouts 47 are provided that engage with the protrusions 26 in the vertical ribs of the electrical insulating box 4 (FIG. 6).

When adjusting the position of the rail threads both in the vertical (shims 13) and in the transverse horizontal (shims 14) directions, all removable fastening parts change their position (see Figs. 2-4) with respect to the initial position (see Fig. .16).

The assembly of the fastener is carried out in the following sequence. Rail tracks 10 are laid onto rail track 11 of rail base 6 and rail 1 is installed. Taking into account the required thickness of the adjusting plates 14, they are assembled into a single unit: an electrically insulating box gasket 4, plate 14, rail rail 2 for installation, both from the right and from the right the left side of the rail 1. Then, thrust bearings 9 are installed and bar terminals 3 are placed around the protruding parts of the anchors 5, while the lower branch of the terminals 3 is lowered onto the rail liner 2. Insert into the slots 18 of the anchors 5 aclad elements 7, placing their insulating components with grooves 32 on the upper branches 28 of terminal 3. Using a manual or mechanized device, alternating vertical loads P through the recess 34 on the embedded elements 7 are applied (with an excess of 15 ... 20% of the nominal value) and start in their slots 35, fixing the wedge-shaped elements 8 with placement on the desired step, which is fixed by the ledge 37 (see Fig.9). The final operation is unloading R.

The dismantling of the bonding unit is carried out when performing the above operations in the reverse order.

To facilitate installation or removal of the elements that control the gauge of the gauge, a clamping device should be used during installation and dismantling.

As shown in figures 1-4, in all positions there is no eccentricity of the load transfer to the embedded element 7 when the vertical load is transmitted to it. This position is achieved through contact on the rounded surfaces of the interacting elements of the system "metal anchor 5 - fixing wedge-shaped element 8 and then the embedded element 7 - the upper branches of the terminal 3". In this case, the contact of all mutually rubbing parts is carried out according to the "metal-to-metal" principle, ensuring the reliability of insulation of electric rail circuits using electrically insulating parts - a box gasket 4, an embedded element 7 with an electrically insulating component, a thrust bearing 9 and an under-rail gasket 10, and due to the absence of hollow formers placement of removable embedded parts in a reinforced concrete rail base 6, the violation of the stability of the interacting elements of the track is significantly reduced, thereby achieving They increase reliability and increase their service life. The use of the embedded element 7 and the fixing wedge-shaped element 8 provides reliable engagement without the use of threaded connections, while it is possible to adjust the clamping force of the terminal 3 depending on the thickness of the steps and use them when adjusting the vertical position depending on the thickness of the adjusting strip 13.

When using threadless rail fastening, according to the invention, it is possible to adjust the gauge and adjust the position of the rails in the vertical direction, the stability and reliability of the interacting track elements is improved, the rail electrical circuits are insulated, and the fastening is carried out without the use of threaded connections, therefore, in general, a significant reduction in material and labor costs with the current maintenance and repair of the track, extension its service life.

Claims (7)

1. A threaded rail fastener comprising double-branch anchors that are monolithic in the rail base and protruding with the upper parts above the surface of the rail platform, on which the rail shock-absorbing pad is placed for rail installation on it, electrically insulated box gaskets installed between the sides of the upper parts of the double-branch rail anchors and on which the spring-loaded spring terminals are supported with their lower branch, and with their shanks - on the electrical insulating spots ics mounted on a rail base, characterized in that it contains embedded elements and fixing wedge-shaped elements, wherein each embedded element consists of an electrical insulating component and a main supporting metal component made of a T-shape, with the upper part of the embedded element having its electrical insulating component relies on the concave branches of the bar spring terminals, and in the lower part of the embedded element placed in the upper part of the two-branch anchor, a slot is made on the direction of the axis of the path into which a fixing wedge-shaped element is inserted through the hole in the two-branch anchor, which interacts with the two-branch anchor with the upper surface and interacts with the lower part of the slot of the embedded element by one of the steps of the lower step surface. 2. The threadless rail fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that the slot of each embedded element in the lower part is made in the form of a flat inclined surface oriented at an angle α to the horizontal, and the lower inclined stepped surface of the fixing wedge-shaped element is made with inclined planes in the step zone while the inclination of the planes with respect to the horizon should correspond in magnitude to the angle α in the area of the lower plane of the slot in the embedded element, while ensuring the mating of the surfaces and the mesh the insertion element with a locking wedge-shaped element, as well as providing the ability to control the amount of rail pressing depending on the stage of the wedge-shaped fixing element. 3. The threadless rail fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper surface of the wedge-shaped fixing element is made with a rounded outline along the entire length to ensure interaction with the rounded part of the double-branch anchor. 4. The threadless rail fastening according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical insulating component of the embedded element has two sesquicidal grooves in the convex part for contacting with the branches of the spring bar terminal. 5. The threadless rail fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that it has at least one additional adjustment strip of the required thickness depending on the vertical clearance of the track, which is placed between the rail strip and the rail reinforced concrete base, and at least one adjustment plate of the required thickness depending on the amount of adjustment by both rail threads of the gauge, placed in an electrically insulating box gasket. 6. An embedded element of a threadless rail fastener comprising an electrically insulating component and a main supporting metal component, characterized in that the main supporting metal component is T-shaped and a slot is made in its lower part along the path axis, while the lower inclined surface of the slot is oriented at an angle α within 10 ° <α <20 ° to the horizontal, the electrically insulating component of the embedded element has two sesquicidal grooves in the convex part for contact Iya with branches of a bar spring terminal. 7. A wedge-shaped fixing element of a threadless rail fastening having a wedge shape, characterized in that the lower inclined surface is stepped with inclined planes in the step zone, while the plane inclination with respect to the horizontal corresponds to an angle α within 10 ° ≤α≤20 °, and the upper surface is rounded in accordance with the rounding in the two-branch anchor.

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