RU2299543C2 - Method for treating of farm crop seeds and apparatus for effectuating the same - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves treating seeds rotated by means of active working tool during 5-7 min using air-ozone mixture with ozone concentration of 10-80 mg/m³; feeding mixture by means of pressure blower having capacity of 30 m³/hour; forming rotating seeds into oppositely directed streams flowing progressively along helical path; setting rotational speed of active working tool for soft seeds 60-70 rev/min, for hard seeds 120-150 rev/min. Apparatus has reservoir with cover, ozone generator with pressure blower and active working tool for rotation of seeds. Working tool has two shafts with deflecting screw coils. Shafts are positioned within reservoir for rotation in opposite directions relative to one another by means of multiple-speed electric engine. Fan, exhaust pipe and hopper are mounted on reservoir cover.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and reduced labor intensity for pre-sowing treatment of various farm crop seeds.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for seed treatment of various crops.

A known method of seed treatment, including exposure to them with solutions of trace elements and water hammer, for example, A. with. USSR No. 873912, class A01C 1/00, 1981, bull. No. 39, p. No. 6.

The disadvantages of the known invention are: 1) due to the fact that the seeds are soaked in a solution of trace elements, they require drying after processing (this leads to additional financial costs); 2) the effect on seeds with microelement solutions and water hammer causes genetic mutations in plants (see “Physical factors in crop production” / M.F. Trifonova, O.V. Blyandur, AM Soloviev et al. - M .: Kolos, 1998 .).

We also know the “Method of processing seeds of agricultural crops” (RF patent No. 2248111, class A01C 1/00, 03.20.2005, bull. No. 8), which we selected as a prototype, including seed treatment with an ozone-air mixture, the seeds are processed in a container, rotating at a speed of 120-150 rpm, and the ozone-air mixture is supplied using a pumping device with a capacity of 30 m ³ , while the ozone concentration is 10-80 mg / m, and the processing time is 5-7 minutes.

A known plant for presowing treatment of seeds, comprising a mixing chamber equipped with a hydrodynamic emitter operating in the developed cavitation mode, a loading tank and an unloading tank with a suction pipe and a discharge pipe, in which the mixing chamber is made in the form of a pipe with loading and reaction zones, the hydrodynamic emitter located at the end of the loading chamber along its longitudinal axis, the second end of the chamber is connected to the discharge tank, and the reaction zone is equipped with ayney least two additional hydrodynamic emitters, whose axes are located in one plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the mixing chamber, the end of the discharge line communicates with hydrodynamic emitters, and another - with a suction nozzle unloading containers (RU, №2013915 C1 patent, IPC ⁵ A01S 1 / 00. A device for pre-sowing seed treatment / M.K. Prokofiev, Yu.G. Pospelova, V. M. Pletnev (RU) - Application No. 5015921/15; claimed 13.12.1991, publ. 06/15/1994. Bull. No. 11).

As a prototype, we have chosen a plant for pre-sowing seed treatment described in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2248111, class. A01C 1/00, 03.20.2005, bull. No. 8, consisting of a container rotating at a speed of 120-150 rpm, into which the ozone-air mixture generated in the ozone generator is fed using a pumping device with a capacity of 30 m / h.

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are: 1) when processing soft, easily wounded seeds, for example, such as soybeans, in a container rotating at a speed of 120-150 rpm, the seeds get damaged, which is unacceptable and leads to loss of seed; 2) the seeds are not processed evenly enough; 3) a plant for pre-sowing seed treatment is inefficient; 4) the installation is difficult to include in the production line.

The technical solution to the problem is to increase the efficiency and reduce the complexity of pre-treatment of various crops.

The objective is achieved in that in a method for treating seeds of agricultural crops, including treating seeds rotating with an active working body for 5-7 minutes, an ozone-air mixture with an ozone concentration of 10-80 mg / m, the supply of which is carried out using an injection device with a capacity of 30 m ³ / h, according to the invention rotating seeds formed into oppositely directed flows translational movement along helical trajectories, the rotation speed of the active working body set d I soft seeds - 60-70 rev / min for hard seeds - 120-150 rev / min.

In an apparatus for implementing a method for treating seeds of agricultural crops, including a container with a lid, an ozone generator with a pumping device and an active working body for rotating seeds, according to the invention, the active working body for rotating seeds is made in the form of two shafts with breaker turns of the screw, which are installed on the possibility of opposite rotation relative to each other by means of a multi-speed electric motor. A fan, an exhaust pipe and a hopper are installed on the lid of the tank.

The novelty of the technical solution lies in the fact that it ensures uniform seed treatment by creating streams of rotating seeds moving along a helical path progressively and oppositely directed, moreover, softer, easily wounded seeds rotate at a speed of 60-70 rpm. At this speed, the seeds do not receive physical damage and are evenly mixed due to the original working body.

Harder seeds are processed at a speed of 120-150 rpm, at this speed harder seeds do not get damaged and are evenly mixed due to the original working body.

This allows you to stimulate spring growth, partially eradicate seed diseases, and also reduce the growing season. This method is used due to the fact that ozone does not cause mutagenic changes in the plant. Ozone is a chemical element that saturates the grain with reactive oxygen species and, as a result, activates the reserved protein in plants, accelerating the chemical processes inside the seeds.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a device for pre-sowing seed treatment, figure 2 shows a top view of a device without a cover, figure 3 shows the device in section aa.

A device for implementing a seed treatment method comprises: an ozone generator with a pumping device 1, in which an ozone-air mixture is formed, which is supplied through a flexible gas pipe 2 to a working tank 3 with a volume of 0.5 m ³ , two shafts 4 are located inside the tank, equipped with fencing turns of the screw 5, the shafts are meshed by means of gears 6 and rotate towards each other, the shafts are divided by a partition 7, reloading windows 8 are placed in the partition, an unloading window 9 equipped with a shutter 10 is located in the bottom of the tank. On top of the tank there is a lid 11, on which the loading window 12 is located, and above the loading window there is a hopper 13 (0.5 m in volume) equipped with a shutter 14, also on the lid there is a pipe 15 for introducing the ozone-air mixture, a fan 16 for blowing the tank from ozone after seed treatment and a chimney 17 equipped with a damper 18. The unit is driven by a three-speed electric motor 19 (the first speed rotates the shafts at a speed of 60-70 rpm, the second speed is 120-150 rpm, the third speed is 250-300 rpm).

A method of processing seeds of agricultural crops is implemented using a device that operates as follows.

The seed material is loaded into the hopper 13, power is supplied to the electric motor 19, which drives the two-shaft active working body, the shutter 14 is opened and the seed material is fed into the container, through the loading window 12, at the same time voltage is supplied to the ozone generator and a pumping device, for example a fan, with a capacity of 30 m ³ / h (such a fan capacity is necessary to obtain the concentrations we need). The seeds are in a container in which the active two-shaft working body rotates and mixes the seed material. At the same time, the working body forms streams of rotating seeds moving along a helical path progressively and oppositely directed, which provides better processing. If the seeds are soft, easily injured, such as soy, then the shafts rotate at a speed of 60-70 rpm, if the seeds are hard, such as corn, the shafts rotate at a speed of 120-150 rpm.

The seed treatment time is 5-7 minutes at a concentration of 10 to 80 mg / m ³ . After that, the shutter 10 opens, the electric motor is switched on at a speed of 250-300 rpm, and through the discharge window 9 the seed is discharged into a container in which it is stored until sowing (storage period at which the processing effect is maintained is up to 50 days).

After that, the shutter 10 closes, the shutter 18 opens and the fan 16 is turned on, which blows the remaining ozone through the exhaust pipe 17.

It should be noted that the longer the curing time after processing, the more time the grain should be under the influence of an ozone-air mixture.

Thus, our studies showed that the treated seeds increased germination compared to control by 10-25%, while the treated seeds had more heap seedlings. It was also noted that on the 20th day after sowing, the treated plants were ahead of the control by one leaf (this indicates a reduction in the growing season).

Claims (3)

1. A method of treating seeds of agricultural crops, comprising treating seeds rotating with an active working body for 5-7 minutes with an ozone-air mixture with an ozone concentration of 10-80 mg / m ³ , the supply of which is carried out using an injection device with a capacity of 30 m ³ / h, characterized in that the rotating seeds form in oppositely directed flows with translational motion along a helical path, while the rotation speed of the active working body is set for soft seeds - 60-70 rpm, A hard seeds - 120-150 rev / min. 2. A device for processing seeds of agricultural crops, including a container with a lid, an ozone generator with a pumping device and an active working body for rotating seeds, characterized in that the active working body for rotating seeds is made in the form of two shafts with breaker turns of the screw, which are installed in the tank with the possibility of opposite rotation relative to each other by means of a multi-speed electric motor. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that a fan, an exhaust pipe and a hopper are installed on the lid of the tank.

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