JP2021159904A - Method for efficiently producing liquid fertilizer from organic waste treatment, and device and compost production method for producing microbial function-enhanced compost suitable for region in short time period - Google Patents

Abstract

To reduce a time period required for composting, which is: 7 days or more for composting compost organic wastes (soil after cultivation in a vinyl house, farm residue, livestock manure, animal remains, garbage, sludge, etc.) using a vertical closed composting device; about 2 months using a stirring composting device; or further several months in addition to the above time period to make aged compost.SOLUTION: There are provided: a device with both mechanisms of subcritical water treatment and vacuum dryer, equipped with unique stirring blades, stirring while reversing the stirring blades not each time, and producing liquid fertilizer, or a microbial function-enhanced compost suitable for a region from organic waste in one step in a short time period without a long aging period; and a method for producing compost and liquid fertilizer in a short time period.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a method for efficiently producing liquid fertilizer using organic waste as a raw material, and a treatment method and treatment system for producing a microbial function-enhanced compost suitable for a region in a short period of time.

To compost organic waste (soil after cultivation in a vinyl house, farm residue, livestock manure, animal remains, swill, sludge, etc.), use a vertical closed composting device for 7 days or more to compost with stirring. It takes about 2 months for the equipment, and it takes several more months to make aged compost, and the treatment facility becomes vast and odor control is also required.

As one method of resource regeneration treatment method, it is known as a method of using a technique of reducing the molecular weight of organic waste in a short time by a hydrolysis reaction in a sub-critical water region below the critical point.

Treatment of organic residues with a sub-critical water treatment device has also been applied, but the high-temperature and high-pressure steam put into the pressure vessel, the water content of the organic waste, and the liquefied content of the organic waste add up a considerable amount of water. Therefore, the area and time required for the treatment of natural drying after the sub-critical treatment are required. Organic waste becomes sterile after subcritical treatment, and fermentation proceeds with indigenous bacteria in a place where it naturally dries after discharge, so it does not become a microbial function-enhanced compost suitable for the place where compost is used.

In the pressure vessel after sub-critical water treatment, solid matter is at the bottom, and liquid liquid fertilizer is formed on it. However, efficient separation of solid matter and liquid fertilizer cannot be achieved by a mechanism that discharges solid matter and liquid fertilizer from one discharge valve.

The stirring structure in the pressure vessel is generally a device having a mechanism in which the stirring blade mixes the processed material in the forward rotation and discharges it in the reverse rotation. Since the stirring and mixing are repeated by repeating forward rotation and reverse rotation, a wasted time is required to stop once at the time of reverse rotation, and the starting current of the stirring motor is large, which is also wasted. There are some that have a mechanism of isosceles triangle and rhombus stirring blades and can be mixed in a forward rotation, but stirring efficiency is a problem.

Patent No. 3099269

The above-mentioned Patent Document 1 has a problem in stirring efficiency, and the cost is not negligible.

Means to solve problems

The present invention relates to an apparatus in which a sub-critical water apparatus and a vacuum drying apparatus are combined with a unique stirring blade, and a method for producing compost and liquid fertilizer.

If organic waste is not treated especially in the vicinity of rural areas, more effective compost and liquid fertilizer can be treated and provided in a short time by using the cost and indigenous bacteria unique to the area. On the other hand, it has drawbacks such as not being able to provide it to other rural areas and not being effective even if it is provided.

In the method of the present invention, compost and liquid fertilizer can be obtained in a short period of time and supplied to other areas by mixing materials containing indigenous bacteria in the required land to areas other than those equipped with equipment. Becomes possible.

Normally, the sub-critical water treatment device reverses the stirring blade at regular intervals to perform stirring, but stops once each time it reverses. A large starting current is required to reverse the rotation after it has stopped temporarily. This starting current increases as the weight of the contents increases. The temporary stop of rotation means that the processing time becomes long and the processing cost increases because the starting current is large.

The apparatus of the present invention has a stirring blade capable of stirring at the same rotation, and since the stirring blade is always rotating in the same direction, a wasteful starting current is not required.

In addition, although the sub-critical water treatment device can produce liquid fertilizer, the outlet is usually taken out from one place. In the apparatus of the present invention, a plurality of valves for discharging liquid fertilizer having different heights are provided on the side of the pressure vessel, and the liquid fertilizer can be efficiently taken out by avoiding the solid matter settled in the lower part according to the height of the valves. Not only can it reduce the drying time of solids.

Those treated in the sub-critical water treatment step are treated under reduced pressure in the same pressure vessel. Indigenous microorganisms can be mixed as needed.

In vacuum drying, the boiling point is controlled to lower the temperature to 70 ° C., and a material containing indigenous microorganisms cultivated in the area is mixed therein with about 5% of the treated solid matter in a pressure vessel as a guide. After drying to a moisture content of about 50 to 60%, it is moved to an aging tank. By spraying liquid fertilizer as necessary for adjusting the water content of the compost that has been moved to the aging tank, a compost having an arbitrary water content can be obtained.

By using the apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to contribute to regional agriculture by mixing indigenous bacteria unique to the region.

It is explanatory drawing in which the processing system which shows the embodiment of this invention is viewed as a block. The main pressure vessel of the present invention and its interior are attached to a rotating shaft provided at the center of the pressure vessel container, a rod attached to the rotating shaft, and a stirring blade attached to the tip of the rod. It is a figure which showed the structure. It is a figure which showed the rotation of the stirring blade of this invention, and the moving direction of a processed object. It is a structural drawing of the triangular stirring blade which made one side of the isosceles right triangle of this invention a curved shape. It is a structural drawing of the rhombus stirring blade which made one side of the rhombus of this invention a curved shape.

Mode for carrying out the invention

A specific method will be described.
It has a high-pressure boiler 15 that supplies high-temperature and high-pressure steam to the inside 3 of the pressure vessel 1, and a pressure vessel jacket 2 that can be indirectly heated. Organic waste is put into a device that has both machine processing functions.

High-temperature and high-pressure steam is injected into the pressure vessel inside 3 with a high-pressure boiler, and when the pressure reaches 1.5 MPa to 2 MPa (200 to 212 ° C), the stirring blades 202 and 203 are operated in 1 minute while maintaining this temperature for 15 to 30 minutes. Rotate and stir at a rotation speed of about 10 times.

High-temperature and high-pressure subcritical water completely eliminates various pathogens, weed seeds, and residual pesticides in organic waste, and hydrolysis of subcritical water breaks the bonds of natural polymers such as proteins, resulting in small molecules. It is converted into substances (amino acids, glucose, fatty acids) that are easily digested and absorbed by living organisms. Also, since no air is introduced, minerals and vitamins remain.

Since about 52% of the organic matter is liquefied by the hydrolysis reaction of this subcritical water treatment, the liquid part inside the pressure vessel becomes (the liquefied part of the organic matter + the water content of the organic matter + the input high-pressure steam). When liquid fertilizer is required after the completion of sub-critical water treatment, a plurality of discharge valves 7 having different heights provided on the side surface of the pressure vessel are opened in order from the highest valve, and the volume of the liquid portion left in the pressure vessel is arbitrary. It becomes possible to decide on.

Only the liquid part other than the solid content can be efficiently discharged. The discharged liquid fertilizer can be used as it is as liquid fertilizer, or it can be used as a water content adjusting material in the aging tank of the compost discharged by mixing indigenous bacteria after adjusting the water content by drying under reduced pressure except for the liquid fertilizer. There is no.

An example of the composition of organic waste at that time is as follows.

This liquid is a liquid fertilizer with immediate effect due to its low molecular weight. Since the liquid fertilizer in the sub-critical water treatment reaction contains a large amount of organic acids (organic compounds showing acidity), it is diluted 100 to 500 times before use.

There are the following methods for using liquid fertilizer.
In the case of foliar spraying, dilute 300 to 500 times and spray every 1 week to 10 days.
Watering for seedling management, 300-500 times dilution Watering the garden, 3-5 liters of undiluted solution around 10 ares (dilution is appropriate)
Soak a 300-500-fold diluted solution before sowing. Soak in seeds, seedlings, and cuttings. Example (Seeds, beans about 10 seconds, leafy vegetables 3 hours, flowers, fruit vegetables 12 hours, seedlings, cuttings 1 minute to 12 hours, bulbs, seed potatoes 1 minute to 30 minutes, tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants, strawberries 5 seconds)
Etc. are preferable.

When liquid fertilizer is not used, there is usually a method of discharging the treated product after sub-critical water treatment, spreading the treated product over a wide area, and naturally drying it to adjust the water content. Has the drawback of becoming vast.

Therefore, the high-pressure steam input valve to the pressure vessel 1 of the apparatus was closed, the input valve 10 of the pressure vessel jacket 2 was opened, and 0.47 MPa steam was injected into the space 4 sandwiched between the pressure vessel and the pressure vessel jacket 2. The inside 3 of the pressure vessel 1 is depressurized by the ejector 20, the treatment function is changed, and the process of vacuum drying treatment is started. By reducing the pressure inside the pressure vessel 3 to 0.02 MPa to 0.03 MPa, the product temperature of the processed product is cooled to 60 to 70 ° C.

When the product temperature stabilizes at 60 to 70 ° C., the inside 3 of the pressure vessel is opened to atmospheric pressure. From the input port 5, 5 to 10% of the weight of the solid matter remaining in the pressure vessel is charged with the material of indigenous bacteria (referring to various bacteria originally inhabiting the area) collected from the area where compost is used. ..

The nature of the indigenous bacteria that grow differs depending on the area and location. Bacteria that have been growing in the area and place for a long time are the most suitable bacteria for the area and place, and when the indigenous bacteria are expanded and cultivated, the microbial function suitable for the area and place that is not found in commercially available microbial materials. It becomes reinforced compost.

The material containing the indigenous bacteria introduced by the vacuum drying function is agitated, and the pressure vessel is kept at 60 to 70 ° C. to proceed with vacuum drying. When the water content reaches about 60% by drying under reduced pressure, the bacteria are easily cultivated, the agitated material is culled by aerobic high-temperature bacteria, and the expansion culture proceeds.

The solid matter obtained by this treatment is discharged from the pressure vessel at a water content of 50 to 60%, and then placed in an aging tank for about 5 days to reach a water content of 30 to 35%. You can compost.

By performing this method, it is possible to significantly reduce the fermentation that takes several months to several years from the primary fermentation to the fourth fermentation in the natural state.

Normal composting process is primary fermentation Decomposition of sugars and proteins Various microorganisms such as bacteria and filamentous fungi Secondary fermentation Decomposition of hemicellose Tertiary fermentation such as actinomycetes Decomposition of cellulose Aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes, filamentous fungi quaternary Decomposition of fermented lignin Although lignin-degrading bacteria and mushroom fungi are used, fermentation can be performed in about 10 to 15 minutes by this method.

A comparison of amino acid component concentrations by conventional raw compost and sub-critical water treatment and biofunctional components are shown.

When a material containing indigenous bacteria was mixed and the water content at 60 to 70 ° C. was reduced to 50 to 60 ° C., the aerobic high temperature bacteria grew to dry matter equivalent (2 × 10 8 pieces / g).

It is important how quickly these processes keep costs low.

FIG. 2 will be described. It shows the stirring structure provided inside the pressure vessel 1. A rotating shaft 201 is attached to the center of the pressure vessel, and has a structure of being rotated by a driving motor 25, pulleys 26 and 32, and a belt 205.

The rotation ratio of the rotating shaft is determined by the diameter ratio of the pulleys 26 and 32, but finally, it is necessary that the stirring blade at the time of charging the processed material sufficiently stirs and rotates. The rotation speed of the rotation shaft 201 is preferably about 10 times per minute.

The rotating shaft 201 has a stirring rod 204 to which stirring blades 202 and 203 are attached. The stirring rods are arranged at 90-degree intervals so that the loci of rotation of the stirring blades partially overlap with the trajectories of the stirring blades.

The stirring rod protruding to the opposite side of the rotating shaft is provided to balance the load torque applied to the stirring blade.

A triangular stirrer 202 having the same shape is attached to a position adjacent to the position farthest from the discharge port 6 of the processed material. Diamond-shaped stirring blades 203 are attached side by side to the stirring rod closest to the discharge port 6.

Different stirring blades are attached to the stirring rods adjacent to those stirring blades of the same shape. That is, the triangular stirring blade 202, the same 202, the diamond-shaped stirring blade 203, the triangular stirring blade 202, and the diamond-shaped stirring blade 203 are formed from the position farthest from the discharge port.

The stirring rod closest to the discharge port is connected to the diamond-shaped stirring blade 203, the diamond-shaped stirring blade 203, the triangular stirring blade 202, the diamond-shaped stirring blade 203, and the central portion.

A triangular stirring blade 202 is attached to the stirring rod farthest from the discharge port, and a diamond-shaped stirring blade 203 is attached to the stirring rod closest to the discharge port, and a triangular stirring blade 202 and a diamond-shaped stirring blade 203 are provided side by side in the central portion, respectively.

FIG. 3 shows the moving direction of the processed material due to the rotation of each stirring blade. In order to make it easier to understand, the stirring blades mounted at different positions by 90 degrees are actually rearranged on the same axis.

The stirring blades are displayed overlapping each other, but they are intentionally overlapped so that stirring leakage does not occur during stirring.

301 and 302 are side surfaces of the high pressure container 1. 6 indicates an outlet. The rotation axis is A rotation clockwise and B rotation counterclockwise toward the discharge port 6.

The side surfaces 301 and 302 of the high pressure container 1 have a structure having a curved surface instead of a flat surface so as to withstand high pressure and depressurization. Therefore, the vicinity of the bulging side surfaces 301 and 302 has a structure that is difficult to be agitated.

When the rotation shaft is rotated B, the triangular stirring blade 202 farthest (leftmost) from the discharge port 6 rotates, so that the processed material moves in the direction shown in 303. As a result, the processed material staying around 301 moves to the central portion side.

Similarly, the diamond-shaped stirring blade 203 closest to 302 moves in the direction shown in 306 by the B rotation. As a result, the processed material staying around 302 moves to the central part.

As a result, the waste processed material accumulated near the side surface of the pressure vessel in the conventional stirring blade structure is eliminated, and the stirring efficiency is improved.

The triangular stirring blade 202 and the diamond-shaped stirring blade 203 provided in the central portion can move the processed material in the opposite direction to each other and can realize stirring in the same rotation. The directions are shown in 303 and 304 and 306 and 307.

When A rotation is performed to discharge the processed material, the surfaces of the triangular stirring blade 202 and the diamond-shaped stirring blade 203 that do not have curved surfaces all have the same angle, and the processed material moves in the same direction, so that the processed material can be taken out from the discharge port. The directions are shown in 309 and 310.

By making one surface of the triangular stirring blade and the diamond-shaped stirring blade curved in this way, it is possible to efficiently stir the processed material without reversing the rotation axis each time.

FIG. 4 shows the structure of a triangular stirring blade, and FIG. 5 shows a structure of a diamond-shaped stirring blade. 410 and 510 are front views, 420 and 520 are side views, and 400 and 500 are top views.

202 is a view of the triangular stirring blades viewed from above, but one side of an isosceles triangle is curved. If the left part 401 of the stirring rod 204 has a radius of curvature r1 and the right part 402 has a radius of curvature r2, then r2> It is necessary to bend it so that it becomes r1.

The larger the ratio, the easier it is for the processed object to move in the direction of 304 due to rotation, but as the radius of curvature of r2 increases, the tip of the triangle becomes sharper and there is a risk of damage during stirring of the processed object.

Therefore, the tip portion may be intentionally rounded so as to withstand the load torque during rotation of the triangular stirring blade 202. Further, a reinforcing member is attached between the stirring rod 204 and the stirring rod 204 so as not to be damaged.

These processes deviate from the gist of the present invention and do not affect the invention itself.

For convenience, the combination of the radii of curvature r1 and r2 has been described, but the actual curvature is made smooth from the front end to the rear end by using a B-spline curve, so that the flow of the processed material becomes smooth.

Further, at 420, the bottom surface 421 moves so as to trace the inner circumference 422 of the pressure vessel when rotating. Since the conventional bottom is a straight line, the central portion thereof is far from the inner circumference of the pressure vessel, and a gap is formed between the central portion of the blade and the inner circumference of the pressure vessel.

Due to the gap, the processed material that has entered the gap is not agitated and the stirring efficiency is reduced.

The bottom of the stirring blade having the shape of the present invention is shown in r3 of 421 and r6 of 521. Ideally, this r is slightly smaller than the radius of the pressure vessel, but it depends on the manufacturing accuracy of the pressure vessel. It is practical to use r which is about 10 mm smaller than the permissible range.

As shown in 420 and 520, r that matches the inner surface of the high-pressure container draws a complicated curve, but in recent years it is possible to easily manufacture a stirring blade with a specified curve by creating a 3D-CAD drawing.

Similarly, the diamond-shaped stirring blade 203 of FIG. 5 has a different radius of curvature, but the relationship between the curvature r3 of the left portion 501 and the curvature r4 of the right portion 502 is r4 <r5. This is also processed into a gentle curve using a B-spline curve.

By combining these two stirring blades and rotating them counterclockwise, the processed material is stirred better and contributes to shortening the processing time.

1 Pressure vessel 2 Pressure vessel jacket 3 Inside the pressure vessel 4 Inside the pressure vessel jacket 5 Inside the organic waste inlet 6 Discharge port 7 Liquid fertilizer outlet 8 Vacuum tower 9 High pressure steam inlet 10 Decompressed steam inlet 11 Pressure vessel Steam exhaust port 12 Vacuum discharge port 13 Steam header 14 Pressure reducing valve 15 High pressure boiler 16 Cyclone device 17 Vacuum connection port 18 Cooling water discharge port 19 Cooling tower 20 Ejector 21 Vacuum suction port 22 Circulation water tank 23 Circulation pump 24 Circulation pump 25 Stirring motor 26 Reducer 27 Pulley 28 Belt 201 Rotating shaft 202 Triangular stirring blade 203 Diamond stirring blade 204 Stirring rod 300 Rotation and movement of stirring blade 301 Left side surface of pressure vessel 302 Right side surface of pressure vessel 303 to 310 Movement direction 400 Top view of triangular stirring blade 401 Triangular stirring Left curved surface of the blade 402 Right curved surface of the triangular stirring blade 410 Front view of the triangular stirring blade 411 Bottom of the triangular stirring blade 420 Side view of the triangular stirring blade 500 Top view of the diamond stirring blade 501 Left curved surface of the diamond stirring blade 502 Right curved surface 510 Front view of diamond stirring blade 511 Bottom side of diamond stirring blade 520 Side view of diamond stirring blade r1 Left curved surface radius of triangular stirring blade r2 Right curved surface radius of triangular stirring blade r3 Bottom radius of triangular stirring blade r4 Left curved radius r5 Right curved radius of diamond stirring blade r6 Base radius of diamond stirring blade

Claims (8)

A method for efficiently producing liquid fertilizer using organic waste as a raw material, and a treatment method and treatment system for producing compost with enhanced microbial function suitable for the region in a short period of time. A boiler that can supply high-temperature, high-pressure and low-temperature, low-pressure steam, and a device that has both subcritical water treatment and vacuum dryer treatment, with an ejector, circulation tank, and cooling tower.
(A) The process of putting organic waste into a pressure vessel and performing subcritical water treatment, and (b) After subcritical water treatment, select multiple discharge valves with different heights on the side of the pressure vessel to separate them from solids. The process of discharging the liquid fertilizer, (c) the process of lowering the product temperature of organic waste to 60 to 70 ° C by the vacuum drying function for the sterile solids remaining in the pressure vessel, and (d) the product of organic waste. When the temperature drops to 60 to 70 ° C, add about 5 to 10% of the solid content weight remaining in the can body to the indigenous microorganisms (indigenous bacteria) in the selected area to be used as compost, and use the vacuum drying function to increase the water content. Step to 50-70% and (e) Indigenous bacteria introduced inside the pressure vessel are eliminated by aerobic high-temperature bacteria by the temperature of 60-70 ° C inside the pressure vessel, and the organic substances are reduced in molecular weight by subcritical water treatment. The process in which the growth of aerobic high temperature bacteria starts due to the sexual waste and the water content of 50 to 70%, and (f) the compost discharged from the pressure vessel becomes a compost with the growth conditions for aerobic high temperature bacteria in place, and is used in the compost aging layer. Before the water content drops due to heat generation and aging stops, the liquid fertilizer discharged after subcritical water treatment is sprayed throughout as water adjustment to promote fermentation, and microbial function-enhanced compost suitable for the region is produced in a short period of time. Method. In the apparatus of claim 1, the high-pressure steam injection valve to the can body is closed, steam of 0.47 / MPa is charged from the jacket injection valve, and then the inside of the pressure vessel is depressurized by an ejector to change the processing function. The process of vacuum drying is performed, the temperature of the processed product is cooled to 60 to 70 ° C., then the can body is opened to atmospheric pressure, and the indigenous bacteria collected from the area where compost is used are collected from the inlet by the solid content weight. A method for producing aged compost obtained by adding 5 to 10% of the above. The stirring blade mounted on the apparatus of claim 1 is formed by alternately arranging blades that are curved inside one of the second-order triangles and blades that are curved inside one of the rhombuses, mix the processed products in the forward rotation, and rotate in the reverse direction. A device having a structure for discharging a processed material. In the apparatus of claim 1, one of the diamond-shaped blades is provided at the position closest to the discharge port of the pressure vessel, and one of the inside of an isosceles triangle is curved at the position farthest from the discharge port on the opposite side. A device having a structure. In the apparatus of claim 1, the stirring blade near the discharge port has at least two diamond-shaped stirring blades, one side of the diamond-shaped stirring blade is curved, and the stirring blade farthest to the discharge port is at least. A device having a structure equipped with stirring blades having two or more isosceles triangles with curved sides. The device according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the stirring blade has a curved structure as close as possible to the radius of the pressure vessel. The device according to claim 1, which has a structure in which a plurality of discharge valves having different heights are provided on the side surface of the pressure vessel.
A manufacturing method for efficiently obtaining liquid fertilizer by opening a valve at an appropriate position from the side surface of a pressure vessel for liquid fertilizer generated on a solid matter settled in the lower part of a can by the apparatus of claim 1. A production method in which the liquid fertilizer generated on the solid matter in the apparatus of claim 1 is discharged from the side surface of the high-pressure container, individual liquids are separated, and the remaining solid matter is dried faster.

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