RU2295693C2 - Jet-driven flame thrower - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: armament, in particular, flame throwers.

SUBSTANCE: the jet-driven flame thrower has a container, ammunition with a powder charge positioned in it, a bench mark fastened on the rear wall of the ammunition with a coupling cullet positioned in it, the cullet is coupled to the gas passage of the blow-out propulsion system, and a firing mechanism. The flame thrower is provided with a valve system and a function switch of the flame thrower. The blow-out propulsion system is separated into two spaces, one with a propulsive jet nozzle, and the other with jet ports. Some valves are installed between the mentioned spaces, and the other are linked with the cullet.

EFFECT: enhanced reliability and expanded functional potentialities.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to military equipment, namely to jet and ampoule flamethrowers, and is intended to defeat the enemy’s manpower located in sheltered buildings, structures or vehicles, in repelling its attacks and counterattacks, as well as to create fires in these objects and on terrain in any weather conditions. It can be used in incendiary shells, missiles and aircraft bombs.

Flamethrowing is known, including the displacement of a "cold" (non-burning) fire mixture from a cylinder, followed by its acceleration in the hydrotract and nozzle, the formation of a jet in the front section of the nozzle, and ignition of the jet along the trajectory with an incendiary torch torch. For example, a light infantry flamethrower (Light infantry flamethrower LPO-50: Technical description. - M .: Voenizdat, 1970, pp. 3-10), which implements the above method of flame throwing, is a backpack, multiple-action powder device with an electric control method flamethrowing. The flamethrower consists of three cylinders with a flame mixture, a filler neck, a blow-out engine and a temperature valve, a gun with a nozzle and an incendiary cartridge mounted in a glass with a throttle hole, and a flexible hydraulic path (hose) connecting the cylinder cavity through the manifold to the nozzle.

However, this flamethrower has a number of significant drawbacks, namely: the instability of the ignition process; incomplete combustion of the flame mixture, i.e. the presence of unburnt pieces of a flame mixture; short throwing range, only 40-50 m; design complexity, a large number of high-precision parts.

Closer to the present invention is a technical solution in which flamethrowing involves displacing a mixture from a cylinder, followed by accelerating it in a hydrotract ending with a nozzle, forming a jet at the front end of the nozzle and igniting the jet along the trajectory of an incendiary cartridge (star), implemented in a heavy jet flamethrower . For example, a heavy infantry flamethrower (Heavy infantry flamethrower TPO-50M: Technical description. - M .: Voenizdat, 1970, p. 3-8) is a powder, piston, horizontal, with a gun mount, reusable, with a mechanical and electrical method of bringing in act. The flamethrower consists of a cylinder with a flame mixture, a rigid hydraulic path and nozzle, an incendiary pyrotechnic cartridge installed in a glass with a throttle hole, and an expulsion engine connected gasdynamically through the throttle holes on one side of the cylinder cavity and, on the other, with the glass cavity with an incendiary pyro cartridge. The latter allowed to increase the length and power of the cartridge torch. The liner with a throttle hole connecting the outboard engine to the cylinder cavity is removable: summer and winter, which allowed to somewhat reduce the effect of temperature on the flamethrowing process. The filler neck in the flamethrower is made to the size of the internal diameter of the cylinder due to its interchangeable head, in which nozzles with a hydrotract are fixed, a knock-out engine with an incendiary igniter and a temperature valve with a destructible membrane. The nozzle of the flamethrower is covered by a flat membrane that detaches when fired. The incendiary pyrotechnic cartridge is installed on the side of the nozzle in the immediate vicinity of its front cut. Such flamethrowers use low-performance flame mixtures based on lightweight or motor gasoline with a small amount of thickening powders.

This flamethrower has a throwing range of already 140 m, which is ensured by a large pressure of displacing the flame mixture (higher jet velocity) and, as a result, a large nozzle diameter and a large capacity of the cylinder with the flame mixture, which led to the need to fire from the flame thrower only from a gun carriage or from the ground.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed ammunition are RPO-A, RPO-Z, RPO-D reactive infantry flamethrowers (Nikitin R.T., Govorov G.M., Prokhorov M.S.) A series of two univalent posters. Poster No. 1, Moscow: Military Publishing House, 1990. These flamethrowers have three types of shots:

RPO-A (thermobaric) - is designed to destroy covered fire weapons in the city, in the field and in the mountains, as well as to destroy shelters, vehicles and lightly armored vehicles;

RPO-Z (incendiary) - is designed to create landscape fires and fires in buildings, structures and fuel and lubricants warehouses;

RPO-D (smoke) - designed to create smoke screens that dazzle the calculations of fire weapons, and conditions unbearable for manpower in various kinds of shelters.

RPO infantry flamethrowers consist of a smooth plastic pipe with two caps at the ends. In the pipe-container is a shell with equipment. Ignition-explosive charge is located along the axial center line. From the rear end side, a fuse is placed close to the rear wall. In the plastic tube of the container, in addition to ammunition with equipment, a knock-out propulsion system is placed in contact with a collet. The benchmark connected to the end part of the munition with equipment covers a collet, which is fixedly mounted on the rear wall of the munition with equipment. A membrane is placed on the back side of the membrane, which is fixedly mounted on the rear wall of the munition with equipment. A membrane is placed on the side of its rear part, which simultaneously contacts the front part of the expelling propulsion system and secures the longitudinally located elastic elements on the collet, which, in turn, provide a reliable connection of the expelling propulsion system with ammunition. When fired, an expelling propulsion system accelerates the ammunition with equipment in the barrel and is separated from it. The further flight of the ammunition with equipment, made in the form of a capsule with a flame mixture, is stabilized by its tail unit.

Despite the different functional purpose of the shots, it is characteristic for them to implement only the capsule mode of operation, which narrows their applied value.

The objective of the invention is to increase the combat effectiveness of flamethrowers without increasing their mass and overall characteristics.

The technical result of solving this problem is the expansion of functionality through the implementation of several modes of operation.

The task is achieved in that a jet flamethrower containing a container, placed ammunition in it with equipment and a powder charge, as well as a membrane and a pulse source, a remote fuse, mounted on the end of the munition, a benchmark mounted on the rear wall of the munition, inside of which there is a connecting collet , a baffling propulsion system with a gas duct and a trigger mechanism with a switch of flamethrower operating modes. In it, the outboard propulsion system is divided into two cavities: one with the jet nozzle and the other with the jet openings communicating with each other through the bypass valves installed between these cavities, and in the powder charge of the munition there are channels for the passage of combustion products blocked by valves connected with a collet, forming a system of valves. The essence of the invention is illustrated in the drawing, where:

1 - container;

2 - ammunition with equipment;

3 - membrane;

4 - powder charge of ammunition;

5 - valves;

6 - aperture;

7 - benchmark;

8 - collet;

9 - expelling propulsion system;

10 - gas duct;

11 - trigger mechanism;

12 - reactive holes;

13 - jet nozzle;

14 - bypass valves;

15 - switch operating modes of the flamethrower;

16 - front cover;

17 - a back cover;

18 - remote fuse;

19 - front handle.

A jet flamethrower is a container 1, made in the form of a pipe in which ammunition 2 with equipment is placed. A membrane 3 is made in the front (nasal) part of the munition 2, and a powder charge 4, valves 5, which block the channels at the entrance to the diaphragm 6, are mounted on the rear part of the munition 6. A reference 7 is attached to the rear wall of the munition 2, which makes the munition 2 rotate in flight. In addition, inside it is a collet 8, which is mounted on the rear wall of the munition 2.

The composition of the main elements of the flamethrower includes a knock-out propulsion system 9 with a gas duct 10 and a trigger mechanism 11.

Distinctive features of the flamethrower is: the separation of the internal volume of the knockout propulsion system 9 into two cavities A and B, in which there are jet openings 12, a jet nozzle 13 and bypass valves 14 installed between these cavities. The switching of operating modes is carried out by the operating mode switch of the flamethrower 15, introduced into the trigger mechanism 11.

In the initial state, the openings located on both sides of the flamethrower container 1 are closed by lids 16 and 17, which serve to prevent the ingress of foreign objects on one side and the release of powder gases on the other.

For remote operation of ammunition 2, a remote fuse 18 is provided, and for the convenience of pointing, firing and operating the flamethrower, the front handle 19 is located in its front part.

The following flamethrower operating modes are possible: jet, jet-jet and jet mode.

The valve system 5 and 14 operates depending on the position in which the flamethrower operating mode switch 15 is (ON or OFF). Consider the operation of the flamethrower in each of these modes.

Inkjet mode

To implement the jet mode of operation of the flamethrower, it is necessary to set the mode switch 15 to the OFF position. In this case, the trigger mechanism 11 includes a knock-out propulsion system 9. The powder gases generated from the incendiary sprocket enter only cavity A, where the central powder charge of the knock-out propulsion system is ignited 9. A part of the powder gases rushes into the gas duct 10, shifting the collet cover 8 to the right, but the disengagement of this node does not occur. Another part of the gases penetrates into the munition 2 through the openings under the valves 5 and ignites its powder charge 4. At the same time, pressure is transmitted to the membrane 3. When the required pressure is reached, the membrane 3 breaks out, the flame mixture is ejected from the munition body and self-ignites in contact with air. Inside the ammunition 2, such pressure is created that is sufficient to ensure that the throwing range of the fire mixture is 50-70 meters. The recoil force of the flamethrower is compensated in this case by powder gases flowing out through the jet nozzle 13 from the cavity A.

Thus, jet flame throwing is realized. Defeat of targets is achieved by the effect of a burning jet of fire mixture.

Jet mode

The flamethrower can also work as a jet-jet. To do this, the mode switch 15 must be switched in the ON position. The kick-off propulsion system 2 is also turned on using the trigger mechanism 11. In this case, the powder gases from the incendiary sprocket enter simultaneously into the cavity A and B of the kick-out propulsion system 9. The powder gases generated in the cavity A enter the gas duct 10 and simultaneously into the reactive nozzle 13. The powder gases generated in the cavity B, due to the force caused by the pressure drop in the cavities A and B, open the bypass valves 14 and through them penetrate into the cavity A.

In this case, the pressure on the cover of the collet 8 increases and moves it to the end, unfastening the expelling propulsion system 9 and the munition 2, as well as closing the valve openings 5 on the munition 2. At the same time, part of the gases flows out through the reaction openings 12 of the cavity B, compensating for the recoil force. Under the pressure of powder gases, the ammunition accelerates through the container and flies out in the direction of the target.

When approaching a target at a distance of 15-20 meters, a remote fuse is triggered. In this case, the pulse from the remote fuse 18 is transmitted to the powder charge 4 and ignites it. When the required pressure is reached, the membrane 3 breaks through and the flame mixture is ejected from the ammunition body. Further, everything happens similarly to the implementation of the jet mode of the flamethrower. Defeat of targets is also achieved by the effect of a burning jet of fire mixture.

Reactive mode

This mode is typical for flamethrowers with equipment with a mixture of high viscosity. In this case, the remote fuse is not cocked and ammunition 2 with equipment is destroyed due to water hammer.

Thus, the flamethrower can be used as a jet, as a jet-jet and as a jet. To do this, you only need to change the position of the switch of the operating mode of the flamethrower 15. The flamethrower can be used both in rooms with limited volume and in open areas. The advantage of the flamethrower is that the range of the jet does not depend on its speed, because it flies out of the ammunition body in the direction of the target when it approaches it at a given distance.

Claims (5)

1. A jet flamethrower containing a container, an ammunition with a powder charge placed in it, mounted on the rear wall of the munition reference frame, inside of which there is a connecting collet connected to the gas duct of the expelling propulsion system, and a trigger mechanism, characterized in that it is equipped with a valve system and a flamethrower operating mode switch, and the outboard propulsion system is internally divided into two cavities, one with a jet nozzle and the other with jet holes, while one valve is installed between cavities, while others are connected with a collet. 2. The flamethrower according to claim 1, characterized in that the valve system is designed to adjust the pressure in the ammunition depending on the operating modes of the flamethrower. 3. The flamethrower according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is equipped with a pulse source and a membrane mounted on the end face of the munition and triggered by a non-contact fuse. 4. The flamethrower according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of inkjet, jet-jet and jet modes of operation. 5. The flamethrower according to claim 1, characterized in that the switch of the flamethrower operating modes is inserted into the trigger mechanism.