RU2317508C1 - Means for remote ignition of harmful gaseous combustible ejections and cartridge of launching device fo remote ignition of harmful gaseous combustible ejections - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: devices for annihilation of emergency ejections of harmful gaseous and fuel substances at plants of petroleum chemistry and refining of petroleum and gas.

SUBSTANCE: the means for remote ignition has a service magazine grenade launcher with a rifled barrel provided with a rigid restrictor of its loading formed by a strap fastened to the magazine and overlapping its opening for feeding of live cartridges to the barrel line by the value of the difference between the lengths of the grenade launcher live cartridge and the launching device cartridge. The launching device cartridge includes a cartridge case with a primer cap and a propelling charge and an open flame source, it uses a cartridge case with a primer cap and propelling charge from of live cartridge of the grenade launcher, and the open flame source of formed by a jet engine provided with a retarder of powder charge ignition, driving bund and an aerodynamic reactive thrust compensator.

EFFECT: enhanced reliability of ignition of harmful ejections, and safety of the shooter.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for eliminating accidental emissions of harmful gaseous and combustible substances at petrochemical and oil and gas refineries, however, it can also be used to ignite gas and oil emissions during accidents at wells and pipelines of their fields, including for igniting at these facilities technological discharges.

The quick and basic method of localizing the negative consequences of technological discharges and accidental emissions of harmful gaseous and combustible substances (hereinafter referred to as emissions) is their burning in a flame of a mixture of the combustible gases contained in them with air. This efficiency is due to the presence in industrial accidental releases of a large amount of solid, liquid and gaseous environmentally harmful substances, such as hydrogen sulfide, which either burn out in the flame or decompose into less harmful or harmless substances [Industrial gas cleaning. In Ostrich, Moscow: Chemistry, 1981]. However, the combustion of a gas-air mixture with a certain combination of several random factors can turn into a large-volume volume explosion, the probability of which increases with increasing time from the moment of the start of the ejection to its ignition. Therefore, the means used to ignite emissions are subject to rather high requirements for speed, reliability, range and accuracy, etc., which the known ones do not satisfy in the required amount.

Known means of remote ignition of accidental emissions on the gas and oil pipelines are based on the injection from the windward side into the ignition zone of an open fire source. This may be a tourniquet saturated with combustible materials, set on fire and thrown in manually [Safety rules for the operation of condensate pipelines and main pipelines for liquefied gases. Ministry of the gas industry. M., 1978, pp. 87-89], or “missiles fired from a hand-held rocket launcher [Safety rules for the operation of condensate pipelines and main pipelines for liquefied gases. Ministry of the gas industry. M., 1978, p.87-89, selected by the authors and the applicant of the present invention as its analogue and prototype, respectively.

The analogue is structurally simple, but this simplicity is accompanied by a number of significant drawbacks:

low speed, especially in rain, heavy snow, frost and wind, which make it difficult to ignite the harness and ignite the gas-air mixture of emissions, as a result of which harmful substances can disperse over a large area and will not be destroyed during subsequent burning;

short range and low accuracy of the throw, which according to weather and climatic conditions, terrain conditions and wind directions do not always allow it to be used and do not exclude the danger of a torch throwing a burning tourniquet by combustion factors or an air-gas mixture explosion.

These shortcomings can be partially offset by the simultaneous throwing of several tows into the ignition zone, but this is possible only in cases when there is a sufficiently strong and stable tailwind, which is unlikely.

The disadvantages of the analogue are partially eliminated in the prototype: civilian hand weapons, widely used by geologists, hunters, fishermen, etc. for giving light signals to each other or to rescue services.

This tool consists of a single-shot throwing device - a rocket launcher in the form of a pistol with a smooth barrel of 26 mm caliber and a scope that cannot be adjusted in firing range and cartridges for it with different "color rockets".

The cartridges for a rocket launcher are a cartridge case with an igniter capsule, in which a powder propellant charge and a cylindrical checker made of a lighting composition - a "rocket-star", which is ignited by propellant gases when fired in a barrel of a rocket launcher and are already burning from the muzzle moment over the entire surface.

The disadvantages of the prototype are as follows:

1) low accuracy caused by:

- the design of the sight, which does not enter the elevation angle of the barrel, corresponding to the firing range;

- a large force (energy) of recoil, which when fired takes the axis of the barrel away from the line of sight (direction to the target);

- the smooth barrel of the rocket launcher, the absence of obturation between it and the “rocket-star” and the stabilizing device on the latter, which leads to large variations in the muzzle velocity of the “rocket-star” and to its random behavior on the flight path to the target due to large and random initial disturbances;

2) low incendiary ability and its high dependence on range, caused by:

- the use of lighting composition, while there are incendiary pyrotechnic compositions with a higher incendiary ability;

- burning a "star rocket" from the muzzle moment over the entire surface, which reduces the latter with increasing flight range (firing) and, therefore, reduces the time and surface of the contact of the combustion flame with the gas-air mixture, and is also accompanied by ineffective heat dissipation in all directions;

- small dimensions of the "rocket-stars" - caliber and length;

3) low rate of fire caused by the single-shot rocket launcher, which, taking into account the shortcomings of items 1) and 2) requires either a long time to set fire, or to attract a large number of shooters for this and reduce the firing range.

These disadvantages of the prototype are exacerbated by the negative influence of snow and rain on the intensity of open burning of a "rocket-star" in flight and the low temperature of the gas-air mixture in the ejection zone, caused by the intensive expansion of gaseous ejection products and a drop in pressure from several hundred or tens of atmospheres to pressure environment (atmospheric). Obviously, the lower the air temperature, the more noticeable is the negative impact of these factors.

The technical task of the present invention is to reduce the time to set fire to an air-gas mixture in the zone of emission of harmful gaseous and combustible substances, while ensuring the safety of personnel performing these actions in any terrain, climate and weather conditions.

The solution to this problem is provided by:

- an increase in range and accuracy;

- an increase in the contact surface and the contact time of the flame of the open flame source with the gas-air mixture of ejection;

- increase the burning ability of an open flame source;

- reporting to the gas-air mixture of a larger mass of open flame;

- increase in caliber and cartridge length;

- an increase in rate of fire;

- forced mixing of the air-gas mixture before setting it on fire.

According to the invention, the solution of the technical problem is achieved by the fact that:

- in the means of remote ignition of harmful gaseous combustible emissions containing a hand throwing device with a barrel and a cartridge, a combat store grenade launcher with a rifled barrel equipped with a hard loading limiter formed by a cover fastened to the magazine and covering its window for supplying combat weapons was used as a throwing device cartridges per barrel line by the difference between the lengths of the live cartridge of a grenade launcher and a cartridge of a propelling device. In the particular case, the hard loading limiter of the throwing device is formed by the length of the window for feeding the cartridge to the barrel line;

- in the cartridge of a throwing device of a means of remote ignition of harmful gaseous combustible emissions, including a sleeve with an igniter capsule and a propellant charge and an open flame source, a sleeve with an igniter capsule and a propellant charge was used from a grenade launcher cartridge, and the open flame source is formed by a powder rocket engine, equipped with a moderator of ignition of the powder charge, a leading belt and an aerodynamic compensator for jet propulsion.

In special cases:

- the jet engine charge is made of incendiary pyrotechnic composition, and the aerodynamic jet thrust compensator is formed by a flat or concave front end of the jet engine;

- the charge of the jet engine is formed by a checker with a through axial channel.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, which show:

figure 1 - propelling device for remote ignition of harmful gaseous combustible emissions;

figure 2 - cartridge propelling device means for the remote ignition of harmful gaseous combustible emissions.

The throwing device (Fig. 1) of a remote means of igniting harmful gaseous combustible emissions at industrial enterprises can be formed by almost any magazine (multi-charge) 36-40 mm caliber hand grenade launcher with a rifled barrel, for example, according to the scheme of multiple-charged small arms [RF Patent No. 2086887 from 08.10.97, the IPC ⁷ F41C 7/02], in which the supply of live ammunition from the tubular magazine to the barrel 7, line 2 through a window 3, made in the store by the barrel, resulting in a reciprocating n remescheniya barrel relative store (shoulder rest and the butt-reduction mechanism of the cartridge from the magazine to the trunk line is not shown). For this, window 3 has a width and a length corresponding to the diameter and length of the live cartridge. In order to exclude the possibility of loading the propelling device with a grenade launcher cartridge, the length of the window 3 is reduced from the muzzle end of the barrel 2 to a length 4 corresponding to the length of the cartridge 5 of the propelling device, a rigid plate 6 made of high-strength hardened steel and fastened to the magazine 1, for example, by welding. This circumstance transfers the combat grenade launcher into the category of industrial devices and allows it to be used in accordance with the "Law on Weapons" at industrial facilities. On top of the lid of the tubular magazine 7 mounted sight, consisting of a front sight 7 and rear sight 8, allowing you to give the barrel elevation angles corresponding to different firing ranges.

The cartridge 5 of the throwing device of the means of remote ignition of harmful emissions (figure 2) has a length 4 corresponding to the length 4 of the window of the throwing device (figure 1) and consists of:

- sleeves 9 with a primer 10 and a propelling charge 11 from the live cartridge of a grenade launcher;

- a powder rocket engine 12 having a grenade mass of a live cartridge for a grenade launcher, mounted by a nozzle 13 to a propellant charge 11 and fixed in a sleeve with glue or squeezing its dulce;

- charge 14, placed in the jet engine 12 and made of incendiary pyrotechnic composition in the form of a cylindrical checker with a through axial channel;

- moderator 15 ignition charge 14, pressed into the nozzle 13 or glued into it, made of gunpowder or pyrotechnic composition and burns at a safe distance for the shooter when the gas-air mixture explodes in the zone of harmful emissions;

- a leading belt 16 made of plastic and pressed into the outer groove on the jet engine 12;

- aerodynamic compensator thrust of the jet engine 12 created by the expiration of the combustion products of the charge 14 through the nozzle 13 formed by a flat or concave front end 17 of the jet engine.

The operation of the means for remote ignition of harmful gaseous and combustible emissions according to the invention is as follows.

The shooter with this tool is located on the windward side of the ejection at a distance slightly greater than the distance ensuring its safety during the explosion of the gas-air mixture in the ejection zone (more than the range at which the moderator 15 of ignition of the charge 14 of the jet engine 12 burns). Then he sets the required firing range on the sight (pos. 7 and 8 in Fig. 1) of the throwing device, loads it with reciprocating movement of the barrel, takes aim at a cloud of gas-air mixture and fires, while:

- the igniter capsule 10 of the sleeve 9 is triggered and ignites its propellant charge 11;

- the gas pressure and heat from the combustion of the propellant charge 11, the jet engine 12 is disconnected from the sleeve 9 and pushed into the barrel 2, where it cuts into the barrel grooves with the leading belt 16 and, by the muzzle moment, acquires translational and peripheral speeds equal to the same speeds of the grenade of a grenade launcher cartridge, at the same time, the same factors set fire to the end face of the moderator 15 of ignition of the charge 14 of the jet engine 12;

- on the flight path of the jet engine 12 to the ejection at a safe distance for the shooter, the moderator 15 burns and ignites the charge 14, the combustion products of which, mainly, slags are ejected through the nozzle 13 under the influence of a small excess pressure at a negligible speed back, and under the action of centrifugal force from the rotation of the jet engine 12 and its charge 14 are scattered in radial directions, creating behind the jet engine a torch of incandescent slags sufficiently large in length and diameter;

- insignificant jet thrust created by the expiration of combustion products (mainly slag) of charge 14 through the nozzle 13 of the jet engine 12, is compensated by the pressure of the incoming air flow on the front end 17 of the jet engine;

- when passing through a cloud of gas-air mixture, the jet engine 12, due to its rotation, mixes this mixture in the wall layer, which increases its sensitivity to an external source of ignition.

In the absence of ignition of the air-gas mixture by the first shot, the shooter by simple reciprocating movement of the barrel 2 performs quick reloading of the propelling device, and then produces the next shot with the introduction of corrections according to the results of the previous one and so on until reliable ignition and stable burning of the mixture.

From the description of the device and the operation of the means of remote ignition of emissions according to the invention follows:

1) the use of a magazine grenade launcher with a rifled barrel as a throwing device, equipped with a hard loading limiter corresponding to the cartridge of the throwing device, allows:

- increase the range of application of the funds to the firing range of grenade launchers, i.e. up to 400 m [Jane's Ammunition Handbook Edited by Terry J Cander and Charles Q Cutshaw Ninth Edition 2000-2001, pp. 560-580] instead of 90 m [Safety regulations for the operation of condensate pipelines and main pipelines for liquefied gases, Ministry of the Gas Industry. M., 1978, p.87-89];

- increase the caliber from 26 mm to 36-40 mm [Jane’s Ammunition Handbook Edited by Terry J Cander and Charles Q Cutshaw Ninth Edition 2000-2001, p. 560-580] and thereby more than double the mass of equipment forming open flame source (torch igniting a gas-air mixture);

- increase the accuracy of shooting thanks to the sight, which allows you to change the angle of elevation of the barrel depending on the firing range;

- reduce the time of ignition of the air-gas mixture due to the high rate of fire and the large capacity of the store (for a reliable hit by a grenade launcher in a small target, as a rule, it is enough to fire 1-2 shots with the introduction of an amendment to the sight of the second shot according to the results of the first);

- increase the production of military grenade launchers, including for the needs of industry, and thereby reduce their cost;

- transfer a combat grenade launcher in accordance with the "Law on Weapons" to the category of industrial devices;

2) the use of a cartridge case with an igniter capsule and a propellant charge from the live cartridge of a grenade launcher in the cartridge of a propellant propellant device allows:

- fully adapt the cartridge of the propelling device to the sight of the grenade launcher forming the propelling device;

- reduce the cost of projectile cartridges and a combat grenade launcher by increasing production volumes of the same cartridges for them;

- to provide high reliability and stability of the cartridges of the propelling device, because a sleeve borrowed from a live cartridge of a grenade launcher is made, as a rule, on rotor lines and therefore is of high quality;

3) the use of a jet engine as an open flame allows:

- burn a charge in it from any fuel, including pyrotechnic incendiary composition, which has the highest igniting ability, and create a torch of fire directed backwards, i.e. having a low speed relative to the gas-air mixture;

- place a leading belt on the source of fire and thereby provide a barrel obturation, a steady position of the source of fire on the trajectory and mixing of the wall layer of the gas-air mixture before ignition;

- to exclude the influence of weather and climate conditions on the modes of charge burning - an open flame source;

- apply a moderator of ignition of a charge of the engine and thereby ensure that a greater mass of the charge forming the torch of fire and the safety of the shooter are reported to the required firing range;

4) the use of a charge of incendiary pyrotechnic composition allows you to:

- reduce the pressure in the cavity of the jet engine and thereby reduce the mass of its structure and the traction it creates;

- create a torch of fire of large length and diameter, consisting mainly of incandescent slag, and, therefore, having a large time and surface of contact with the gas-air mixture in comparison with the powder charge;

- use the simplest aerodynamic devices (flat or concave front end face of a jet engine) to compensate for jet thrust, bringing the ballistic flight of the engine into line with the sight of the propelling device.

All of the above ultimately improves the reliability of ignition of harmful gaseous and combustible substances at petrochemicals and oil and gas refineries and the safety of the shooter in any weather, climate, terrain and wind direction and direction.

Claims (4)

1. A means of remote ignition of harmful gaseous combustible emissions, containing a manual throwing device and a cartridge, characterized in that the throwing device is made in the form of a military store grenade launcher with a rifled barrel, equipped with a rigid limiter for loading it, formed by a plate fastened with a magazine and covering its window for supply of live cartridges to the barrel line by the difference between the lengths of the live cartridge of the grenade launcher and the cartridge of the said means. 2. Cartridge means remote ignition of harmful gaseous combustible emissions, including a sleeve with an igniter capsule and propellant charge and an open fire source, characterized in that a cartridge case of a grenade launcher cartridge is used as a cartridge sleeve with an igniter cap and propellant charge, and the open fire source is made in the form of a powder jet engine equipped with a moderator of ignition of the powder charge, a leading belt and an aerodynamic compensator for jet propulsion. 3. The cartridge according to claim 2, characterized in that the jet engine charge is made of incendiary pyrotechnic composition, and the aerodynamic jet thrust compensator is formed by a flat or concave front end of the jet engine. 4. The cartridge according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the jet engine charge is formed by a checker with a through axial channel.

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