RU2294511C1 - Optical sight - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: optical sights.

SUBSTANCE: the optical sight has an objective, sight mark, turning system, mechanism for sight mark horizontal and vertical motion, range scale and a range-finding scale, ocular, magnification varying mechanism, sight angle setting mechanism, weapon attachment bracket, all components are installed in a common body. The sight angle setting mechanism is made of successively placed in the body mechanisms for sight mark horizontal and vertical motion, turning system in a tube installed for inclination in two mutually perpendicular planes. One end of the tube rests on the supporting ends of the mechanisms for sight mark horizontal and vertical motion with tightening to them by means of springs, and the other end is hinge-mounted with the center located on the intersection of the sight optical axis with the front focal plane of the ocular. The sight mark is a component of the turning system and installed in the plane of the objective image. An assembly of the range-finding scale and the range scale are introduced.

EFFECT: enhance speed of response of the small arms.

3 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to optical instrumentation and can be used in sights mounted on hunting rifles and small arms.

A known sight used on hunting rifles and small arms, comprising a tube mounted in the sight housing with a lens placed therein, a wrapping system, a mesh and an eyepiece, as well as horizontal and vertical adjustment devices, by means of which the entire sight and, accordingly, the line of sight are moved (patent RF N2054158, class F 41 G 1/42, publ. 02/10/1996).

In the design of such a sight, the input of the aiming angles is carried out on an external scale mounted on the adjustment screw for moving the grid in height, which when setting the aiming angles leads to the need to take your eyes off the field of view and to lose the target’s image, which increases the preparation time of the shot and reduces thus the combat effectiveness of small arms.

Also known is a variable-magnification optical sight with automatic stabilization of the line of sight for a sniper rifle, comprising a housing with a lens system of the lens and an articulated inner tube mounted therein with lenses of a wrapping system and a wedge cam housing rotatably mounted in the tube. The wedge cam interacts with the screw of the height adjustment device (Austrian patent No. 394457, class G 02 B 23/00, 23/14; F 41 G 1/38, publ. September 15, 1991).

In the design of this sight, aiming angles are set on the outer scale of the height adjustment device and the mounting ring, which also requires taking the eyes off the sight of the sight and leading to loss of image of the target, increase preparation time for the shot and reduce the combat effectiveness of small arms.

At the same time, the aiming angles (range to the target) are set in strict dependence on the increase, when the lowest magnification value corresponds to the smallest range, and vice versa. In the design of this sight, there is no possibility of changing the aiming angle without changing the magnification, which also causes operational inconvenience.

The closest analogue to the claimed technical solution is a variable zoom optical sight with automatic adjustment of the aiming angle, comprising a tubular housing in which a lens, reticle, reversing system, alignment mechanisms are installed, i.e. horizontal and vertical movement of the sighting mark, rangefinder scale, distance scale, eyepiece, zoom change mechanism, cam mechanism for changing the aiming angle, mounting bracket on arms (RF patent No. 2148775, class F 41 G 1/38, G 02 B 23 / 12, publ. 10.12. 2000).

However, despite the fact that the installation of the aiming angles in the design of this sight is carried out on the internal scale, which is in the field of view, after bringing the weapon with the sight to normal combat, the sighting mark remains offset from the center of the sight field of view. The decentralized position of the aiming mark when introducing aiming angles during subsequent shooting leads to a decrease in aiming accuracy and causes operational inconvenience, especially when the zoom scope changes from a smaller value to a larger one, at which the field of view is smallest and the aiming mark appears at the edge of the field. In the design of the sight there is no possibility of changing the angle of aim without simultaneously changing the magnification, which also causes certain operational inconveniences.

The objective of the invention is the creation of an optical sight with improved technical and operational characteristics.

The technical result is an increase in the speed of small arms by reducing the time of preparation of the shot, eliminating the eye from the sight of the sight and losing the target image when reinstalling the aiming angles, improving the accuracy of aiming by eliminating the decentration of the position of the aiming mark, eliminating the functional dependence of changing the aiming angle with simultaneous change in magnification.

The technical result due to the task is achieved by the fact that in the optical sight of variable magnification, containing installed in a common housing, the lens, reticle, wrapping system, mechanisms for moving the reticle horizontally and vertically, distance scale and rangefinder, eyepiece, change mechanism increase, the mechanism for setting the aiming angles, the mounting bracket on the weapon, in contrast to the known, the mechanism for setting the aiming angles is made of sequentially placed in The general case of mechanisms for moving the reticle horizontally and vertically, wrapping the system in a tube with the possibility of tilting in two mutually perpendicular planes. In this case, one end of the tube rests on the supporting ends of the mechanisms for moving the sighting mark vertically and horizontally with pressing them by means of springs, and the second end is pivotally mounted with the center located at the intersection of the optical axis of the sight with the front focal plane of the eyepiece. The aiming mark is introduced into the wrapping system and installed in the image plane of the lens. The node of the rangefinder scale and the distance scale is made of a fixed optical part connected to the sight body with an index printed on it and a rangefinder scale and mounted to rotate around the optical axis of the moving optical part with the distance scale applied on it kinematically connected with the vertical mark moving mechanism .

The distance scale can be made non-linear, functionally reflecting the trajectory of the bullet for normal shooting conditions, plotted along the outer circle of the field of view and calibrated in hectometers of firing range.

The mechanism for moving the sighting mark vertically contains a screw mechanism made of two concentric threaded bushings, one of which is installed with the possibility of translational movement, and the second carries a rotating axis with a bevel gear in it.

The essential features of the invention, which coincides with the closest analogue, are the presence of a lens, an eyepiece, a reversing system, an aiming mark, mechanisms for moving the aiming mark vertically and horizontally, a distance scale and a rangefinder, a mechanism for changing magnification.

Significant distinguishing features are: the implementation of the mechanism for setting the aiming angles in the form of mechanisms for moving the aiming mark vertically and horizontally sequentially in the common case, the wrapping system in a tube mounted in a common case with the possibility of tilting in two mutually perpendicular planes, while one end of the tube on the supporting ends of the mechanisms for moving the reticle vertically and horizontally with preloading by means of springs, and the second end is mounted Nirni with a center optical axis located at the intersection of sight with the front focal plane of the eyepiece; the introduction to the composition of the reversing system reticle mounted in the image plane of the lens; the implementation of the node of the rangefinder scale and the distance scale of two optical parts: fixed with an index printed on it and a rangefinder scale connected to the housing, and movable with the applied distance scale installed with the possibility of rotation around the optical axis; kinematic connection of the distance scale with the mechanism of moving the aiming mark vertically; the implementation of the distance scale non-linear, functionally reflecting the trajectory of the bullet for normal shooting conditions, plotted on the outer circle of the field of view of the sight, calibrated in hectometers of firing range; the execution of a screw mechanism for moving the reticle in the vertical direction from two concentric threaded bushings, one of which is mounted with the possibility of translational movement, and the second carries a rotating axis in it with a bevel gear.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the sight, figure 2 (in a section along aa in figure 1) - sighting mark located at the front end of the wrapping system, based on the ends of the vertical and horizontal movement mechanisms, springs, compressing the housing a wrapping system to the ends of the movement mechanisms; reticle illuminator; figure 3 (in a section along BB-1 figure 1) - the gears of the mechanism for setting the aiming angles; figure 4 (in a section along BB-1) - cracker and screw mounting the sight on the weapon; figure 5 (view G of figure 1) is a scale of the magnification of the mechanism for changing magnification; Fig.6 (view D of Fig.1) is a scale of the mechanism for moving the aiming mark vertically; in Fig. 7 (enlarged fragment E of Fig. 1) - a groove and a rotation limiter of a threaded bushing of the mechanism for moving the aiming mark vertically; on Fig - view of the field of view of the sight.

The device of the sight contains the main components and details (Fig. 1), namely: sight 1 with the components of the optical system and mechanisms for moving the aiming mark vertically and horizontally, as well as the details of the magnification changing mechanism, the unit of the rangefinder scale and the distance scale and its kinematic connection with mechanism for moving the sighting mark vertically, bracket 2 and clamps 3, 4 of the mount of the sight, rusks 5 and screws 6 of the mount of the sight on the weapon, a battery 7 of the illumination of the sighting mark, the node of the rangefinder and distance scales, switch Only 8 turns on and adjusts the brightness of the backlight.

The sight 1 (figure 1) consists of a lens 9, a wraparound system including an aiming mark 10, a collective lens 11, components 12 and 13 of the change in magnification, cam 14, spherical support 15; the common housing 16, the node of the rangefinder scale 17 and the scale of distances 18, gears 19, 20, 21, coil springs 22, eyepiece 23, hoods 24, eye cup 25.

All elements of the optical system are located in a common housing 16. On it are also located a mechanism for moving the aiming mark vertically 26, a mechanism for moving the aiming mark horizontally 27 (Fig. 2), a mechanism for changing magnification, consisting of a ring 28 with an increase scale 29, a locking ring 30, a leash 31 included in the groove of the cam 14; illuminators 32 and 33 of the illumination of the reticle 10, the node of the rangefinder scale 17 and the distance scale 18.

The mechanism for setting the aiming angles, also located on the common housing 16, includes a mechanism for moving the aiming mark vertically 26 with a bevel gear 34, a tubular housing 35 with a bevel gear on one side and a cylindrical gear on the other, gears 19, 20, 21; coil spring 22.

Sighting mark 10 (figure 1) is installed in the tube 36 of the wrapping system, which has the ability to tilt in two mutually perpendicular planes. One end of the tube 36 rests on the supporting ends of the mechanisms for moving the reticle vertically 26 and horizontally 27 with the springs 37 and 38 pressed to them, and the other is provided with a spherical support 15 and pivotally mounted in rings 39 with an inner cone, while the center of the sphere is on the intersection of the optical axis of the sight and the front focal plane of the eyepiece. The second end of the tube 36 is locked against axial movement in the rings 39.

The springs 37, 38 (FIG. 2) provide constant preloading of the tube 36 of the wrapping system with the sighting mark 10 to the mechanisms of its movement 26 and 27.

The movement mechanism of the sighting mark vertically 26 (FIG. 2) consists of a housing 40 that is attached to the common housing 16 of the sight 1, a threaded sleeve 41, which rests with its end on the tube 36 of the wrapping system and having, for translational movement, a longitudinal groove 42, in which the shank of the rotation limiter 43 of the sleeve 41 (FIG. 7), the threaded sleeve 44, the concentric threaded sleeve 41 connected to the sleeve 45, and having a scale 46 (FIG. 6) at its end, which is used to bring the sight with a weapon to normal battle, axis 47, and one end of which is fixed to the scale drum 48 and at the other end - the bevel gear 34 lyuftovybirayuschey spring 49, ring 50 with ball clamp biasing plate 51.

On Fig shows a view of the field of view of the sight with a change in magnification, for example, from 3 to 10 times, with the marks 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57 printed on the reticle, signs 58, 59, 60 and the reference index 61 - on the optical part with a scale, and the numbers from 1 to 10, 62 against the corresponding strokes 63, indicating the distance to the target in hectometers - on the optical part with a distance scale.

The sight works as follows. Using the bracket 2 (figure 1), crackers 5 and screws 6, the sight is mounted on the seat of the weapon. The supporting areas of the brackets 2 and crackers 5 are made, for example, in the form of prismatic guides.

The image of the observed object is built by the lens 9 in the plane of the sighting mark 10, then it is transferred by the wrapping system to the plane of the rangefinder scale 17 and the distance scale 18 and is examined using the eyepiece 23.

After installation on the weapon in order to coordinate the axis of the bore with the sight axis, the sight is brought to normal combat in accordance with generally accepted methods. The position of the sighting mark always remains in the center of the field of view of the sight.

When shooting at targets with an unknown range, it is first determined. When shooting at targets that have certain basic dimensions (chest figure: height - 0.75 m, width - 0.5 m; height figure: height - 1.5 m, width - 0.5 m), watching through the eyepiece, tilts and with turns of the weapon with an aim, it is necessary to shift the target image to the required rangefinder sign and, changing the increase by rotating the drive ring 28, place the chest image in height between the lower 60 and middle 58 strokes of the rangefinder mark until the strokes touch, and for the growth figure between the lower 60 and top 59 strokes, or between adjacent strokes 58-60, or to the size of any of these strokes across the target image width of 0.5 m.

Placing the target image in the rangefinder signs should be performed without gaps and protruding beyond the limits of the sign strokes.

The value of the distance to the target in hectometers, and the increase in krats in this case is read on the outer scale 29 of the ring 28.

For a target with a base size of 1.5 m, range measurement can be done on a range-of-scale snail scale. In this case, by rotating the drive ring, it is recommended to set the maximum magnification, observing through the eyepiece, by tilting and turning the weapon with an aim, shift the target image (in height) until simultaneously touching its lower 56 and one of the top 55 strokes of the rangefinder scale.

The range value in hectometers is read against that upper stroke, which the target image touches. The range value read in this way is set on the inner dial 63 using the reel 48 of the retraction mark moving mechanism 26, during rotation of which the axis 47 with the bevel gear 34 through the housing 35 and the gears 19, 20, 21 rotates the distance scale 18 to the required reference, and the threaded sleeve 41 simultaneously with this end tilts the wrapping system, moving the sighting mark 10 in height by an amount corresponding to the aiming angle for the set range. The coil spring 22 selects the play in the kinematic chain from the gear 21 to the bevel gear 34.

When working on targets with a known range or determined using another means, for example, a laser range finder, it is necessary, observing the eyepiece 23 of the sight, by rotating the drum 48 of the vertical mark moving mechanism, set a countdown corresponding to the known range to the target in the distance scale 18 hectometers.

The reading on the scale 18 is set relative to the index of the rangefinder scale 17, which is connected to the housing 16 of the sight. The divisions of the scale 18 are made with a nonlinear step, reflecting the functional dependence of the trajectory of the bullet (ballistic characteristic for normal firing conditions).

If necessary, to shoot for a different range (aiming angle), without taking your eyes off the sight eyepiece by rotating the drum, set the required range value opposite index 61. The increase in the sight remains unchanged, which allows you to switch from the minimum range to the maximum at the highest magnification value. without loss of resolution and loss of purpose in the field of view of the sight.

An advantage of the claimed invention is that due to the implementation of the aiming mark as an element of the wrapping system, moving it in the vertical direction due to the inclination of the wrapping system relative to the hinge with a center located at the intersection of the optical axis of the sight with the front focal plane of the eyepiece, it became possible to exclude decentration of the aiming mark relative to center of the field of view, as the reticle moves with the wrapping system, and thereby increase convenience operation when using the scope.

The exception, in comparison with the known solutions, of the kinematic relationship of the mechanism for changing the increase with the mechanism for setting the range (aiming angle), in the presence of which each setting of the range is accompanied by a simultaneous change in the increase, allows you to preset the range, for example, from the minimum value to the maximum value, to keep the previously set , for example, the maximum increase and, accordingly, the maximum resolution on the ground, which allows in this case to increase the accuracy of aiming .

In the known technical solution (RF patent No. 2148775), the transition to a new range value, for example, from a minimum range with a maximum increase, is associated with the need to pre-change the minimum increase, as corresponding to the minimum range, which leads to a decrease in resolution and can lead to loss target image.

In addition, the exclusion of the rigid dependence of the simultaneous change in the magnification of the aiming angle leads to a reduction in the preparation time of the shot, as compared with the known solution (RF patent No. 2148775), it is not necessary to perform actions such as turning the cage (drive ring) to kinematically connect it to cam and subsequent, after their joint rotation, disconnect the cage from the cam and install previously available, for example, the maximum increase.

The presence of the kinematic relationship of the mechanism for moving the aiming mark in the vertical direction with the distance scale allows you to set the measured or predetermined range on this scale, which is in the sight of the sight, while moving the sighting mark in height by a value corresponding to this range of the aiming angle, and the scale is non-linear, functionally reflecting the trajectory of the bullet for normal firing conditions with a graduation in hectometers of firing range provides, without recalculation, the angle s values are linear, all functions of the sight on the measurement range and its setting or range known value setting without departing from the field of view of the eye sight and avoid thus losing control over the situation in the field of view and the target image loss. Drawing a scale on the outer circle of the field of view of the sight allows you to increase the size of the interval between strokes and increase the accuracy of setting the range.

Thus, the presence of new features and new connections between the structural elements in the sight device in comparison with the known designs of optical sights allows us to provide the indicated technical result - increasing the speed of small arms by reducing the time of preparation of the shot, eliminating the separation of the eye from the field of view of the sight, and at the same time losing images of the target when reinstalling the aiming angles, improving the accuracy of aiming by eliminating the decentered position of the aiming mark, exclude eniya functional dependence of changes in the angle of sight with simultaneous change of magnification and determines the novelty and inventive step of the proposed technical solutions, and the possibility of manufacturing products on the opto-mechanical plant proves its "industrial applicability", all of which establishes a correspondence optical sight conditions of patentability.

Claims (3)

1. Optical sight of variable magnification, containing a lens, an aiming mark, a wraparound system, a mechanism for moving the aiming mark horizontally and vertically, a distance scale and a rangefinder scale, an eyepiece, a mechanism for changing magnification, a mechanism for setting aiming angles, an arm mount bracket characterized in that the mechanism for setting the aiming angles is made of sequentially placed in the common housing mechanisms for moving the aiming mark horizontally and vertically, the feeding system is placed in a tube mounted with the possibility of tilting in two mutually perpendicular planes, while one end of the tube rests on the supporting ends of the mechanisms for moving the sighting mark vertically and horizontally with spring pressing to them, and the second end is pivotally mounted with the center located on the intersection of the optical axis of the sight with the front focal plane of the eyepiece, with the aiming mark introduced into the wrapping system and installed in the image plane of the lens, and the rangefinder assembly The distance scale and the distance scale are made of a fixed optical part connected to the sight housing with an index and a range finder scale mounted on it and mounted with the possibility of rotation around the optical axis of the movable optical part with the distance scale applied on it kinematically associated with the vertical mark moving mechanism. 2. The optical sight according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance scale is non-linear, functionally reflecting the trajectory of the bullet for normal firing conditions, plotted along the outer circle of the field of view and calibrated in hectometers of firing range. 3. The optical sight according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical movement mechanism of the reticle includes a screw mechanism made of two concentric threaded sleeves, one of which is mounted with the possibility of translational movement, and the second carries an axle rotating in it with a bevel gear .

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