RU192653U1 - DEVICE FOR CHANGING THE APPEARANCE AND POSITION OF THE SIGHT BRAND - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to optical instrumentation and can be used in optical and collimator sights in order to quickly form the sighting mark of the required type in the place necessary for accurate shooting relative to the optical axis of the sight without mechanical movements. The result is achieved by introducing a crosshair of the matrix display into the focal plane of the optical system and shaping the sighting mark by activating the corresponding pixels whose addresses are previously recorded in the memory of the electronic control unit. Correction of the position of the aiming mark is carried out by changing the addresses of active pixels corresponding to the physical shift of the image of the aiming mark.

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to optical instrumentation and can be used in optical and collimator sights in order to quickly change the type and position of the aiming mark without mechanical movements.

State of the art

The aiming mark is a set of lines, points, crosshairs visible inside the sight. There are many different types of reticle, mainly the crosshairs, risks, points, circles and their combination. The sighting mark can be luminous (with illumination), can be dimming (light-absorbing), depending on the type and application of the sight. For the dimming mark, which stands out against the light background of the field of view of the sight, crosshairs of wires stretched in the focal plane of the lens or eyepiece are used or lines are applied on the glass with opaque paint. An LED is used to illuminate the aiming mark, the glow of which is transmitted to the elements of the aiming mark. In this case, both horizontal and vertical elements of the aiming mark can be highlighted. The need to develop optical sights with illumination devices was due to the ability to provide greater brand contrast and thereby increase confidence in the correct aiming. The aiming mark is supposed to combine with the target while aiming at the target and aiming. In this case, the main role in the accuracy of aiming is played by the mechanism for entering lateral corrections and range corrections (moving the aiming mark horizontally and vertically relative to the axis of the sight).

For accurate target shooting, it is necessary to adjust the position of the aiming mark relative to the optical axis of the sight. For this, various mechanisms and mechanical structures of optical diopter and collimator sights are used.

An optical diopter sight is a telescope designed to observe distant objects. The pipe body is usually made of steel or aluminum alloys. Inside the tube is an optical system consisting of several lenses whose optical axes are in a straight line. The lens, facing the target, builds an image of the target in its focal plane. This image is turned upside down around the horizontal and vertical axis, so the optical sight includes a reversing system that returns the image to normal. The image of the target, passing through the wrapping system, is formed in the focal plane of the eyepiece. The eyepiece, like a magnifying glass, allows you to see an enlarged image. An aiming mark is placed in the focal plane of the lens or eyepiece. Since the aiming mark is located in the image plane of the target, it means that the target and the aiming mark are seen equally sharply and no re-eye is needed. Placing a mark in the focal plane of the lens is typical for European optical sights - in the US it is in the focal plane of the eyepiece.

Traditionally, the sighting mark is made on a flat glass plate by engraving or by applying a paint pattern corresponding to the sighting mark. In the simplest case, the reticle is a frame with two thin wires stretched crosswise on it. Instead of a frame, a glass plate is increasingly used in images of scales, crosshairs, and additional icons etched on it. The frame can be independently moved both horizontally and vertically. To move the frame are the so-called handwheels of vertical and lateral corrections, brought to the surface of the sight tube and connected to the frame by screws.

When aiming a weapon or when entering corrections during the shooting, the frame with the reticle is shifted relative to the optical axis of the sight, sometimes quite significantly. Considering that the most high-quality and brightest image is formed near the optical axis of the sight and, in addition, the eye of the arrow always reflexively searches for the center of the image, systems with a "centered mark" have been used in modern optical sights. In such systems, a tube is mounted on the hinges inside the scope of the sight, in which the optical elements of the aiming mark and the wrapping system are located. The corrections input flywheels are connected to the inner tube, so when they rotate, the entire tube moves, not just the reticle. Therefore, the mark is always located on the optical axis of the sight, which allows you to correct very significant errors that occur when mounting the sight, or when using bullets with a steep path. The flywheel of vertical corrections - elevation angles - is located on top of the sighting tube, and the flywheel of side corrections is located on the side.

In the description of the patent RU No. 2237227, a method for mechanically moving an aiming mark in optical collimator sights and a device for these sights are indicated. The essence of the method lies in the fact that to adjust the sight, the movement of the aiming mark is carried out by linear mechanical movement along or perpendicular to the optical axis of one or more mirror surfaces. These surfaces are installed at an angle of 45 ° to the optical axis and are sequentially located between the emitter of the reticle and the optical collimator assembly. The essence of the devices is that for adjusting the position of the aiming mark, the lateral correction input mechanism is made in the form of an LED emitter installed by means of an engine in the focal plane of the optical collimator assembly with the ability to move perpendicular to the optical axis of the sight. The range correction input mechanism can be made in the form of a mirror mounted by another engine with the ability to move along the optical axis of the sight or in the form of a reflector installed in the housing with the ability to move along the optical axis of the sight.

Widely known are methods of moving the reticle in optical collimator sights, which are based on the rotation of the optical collimator assembly (reflector) or emitter of the reticle located in the focal plane of the optical collimator assembly around the vertical and horizontal axes of the sight, as well as on the linear movement of the optical collimator assembly (reflector) ) or an emitter of an aiming mark located in the focal plane of the optical collimator assembly along the vertical and horizontal axes the sight. Combined methods are also used, for example, moving the reticle in the horizontal plane is carried out by moving the emitter of the reticle, and in the vertical plane by moving the optical collimator assembly (reflector).

In all cases, a fairly accurate and rigid mechanism for moving the aiming mark is required to counter the impact force of the shot. This leads either to an excessive complexity of the design of the movement mechanism of the brand or to the lack of usability and the introduction of amendments.

One of the important tasks, along with the ability to move and position the mark relative to the optical axis of the sight, is the ability to quickly change the type of sighting mark. For use in various climatic and weather conditions and for various purposes, it is necessary to replace one type of reticle with another type. In the currently produced optical sights, the replacement of the reticle is impossible or requires considerable effort and time.

The closest prototype of the proposed device is a mechanism for changing the type of reticle according to patent RU No. 229171. The device of this patent contains a light source and a diaphragm with slots. Additionally, the device is equipped with a movable plate with the possibility of overlapping part of the slots of the diaphragm and thus forming various types of reticle.

The disadvantage of the device, taken as a prototype, is the limited number of types of reticle (no more than 3-4 types) and the need for mechanical action when changing the type of brand, which affects reliability. In addition, the device for forming an aiming mark, taken as a prototype, does not allow to form a mark in the right place relative to the optical axis of the sight vertically and horizontally for amendments. The device itself forms a sighting mark in the form of a set of mechanically made slots in the diaphragms in strictly defined places. The device does not have the ability to form an aiming mark in any places of the sight field of view.

Disclosure of invention

The indicated disadvantages of the device taken as a prototype are solved in the proposed device by changing the type and position of the aiming mark by introducing into it a display display located in the focal plane of the lens or eyepiece of the sight and consisting of a matrix of light-emitting or light-absorbing elements (pixels), an electronic memory unit and electronic a pixel state control unit, which forms an aiming mark image on the display of pixels. A large number of images of sighting mark types can be embedded in a memory unit. The number of reticle is limited only by the amount of electronic memory. An electronic memory unit, an electronic memory device for recording digital information can be performed on the basis of NAND-memory in the form of an SD-card or Flash memory. The control unit displays the image of the reticle on the display from the memory, while the position of the reticle on the display can be any and is determined by the settings of the control unit. Changing the settings of the display pixel control unit can be done from external controls in the form of buttons, handwheels, and drums.

The proposed device of the type and position of the reticle makes it possible to quickly install the desired type of brand, both dimming and luminous, as well as to form it in an arbitrary place relative to the optical axis horizontally and vertically, taking into account adjustments for the most accurate shooting. Formation of a mark at a given address actually means the possibility of shifting, adjusting the mark by introducing amendments or in the process of bringing the sight to normal combat.

A device for changing the type and position of the reticle works as follows. In the manufacture of the sighting mark at the factory, a digital image of several types of sighting mark is recorded in the memory unit (for example, on an SD card). The memory stores the addresses of the pixels that form the sighting mark. The user selects the type of reticle, selecting the desired file in memory, which stores the image of the reticle in the form of an array of pixel addresses of this type of brand. The electronic unit accesses the file for the corresponding type of reticle for information on the status and address of each pixel in the display to form a specific type of brand. If 1 or 0 corresponds to a specific pixel in the electronic memory, the electronic control unit turns on (makes it active) or does not turn on the corresponding display pixel. The desired display pixel is counted from the starting point “0” vertically and horizontally. The starting point "0" is also stored in the memory block and corresponds to the exact hit on the target for each specific sighting mark and for each type of weapon. Changing the starting point "0" is made by entering through the buttons or handwheel amendments vertically and horizontally when shooting a specific weapon, taking into account the ballistics of the ammunition. The location value of the starting point “0” is also stored in the memory block. When the sight is turned on, the display pixel control unit turns into a memory unit and forms a matrix of active and passive pixels corresponding to the image of the aiming mark. The place of mark formation relative to the optical axis of the sight on the display is determined by the information about the starting point that is predefined and stored in the memory unit. If it is necessary to shift the vertical or horizontal image of the aiming mark for more accurate firing, an amendment is made to the place of the starting point “0” on the display and the entire image of the aiming mark is shifted. The minimum shift of the image of the aiming mark is possible by the physical size of one pixel, the size of which is indicated in Figure L. Thus, the physical carrier of the aiming mark is not physically shifted, but only the visible image of the mark is shifted by the size of the required number of pixels. At the same time, the physical brand carrier (display) itself can be rigidly fixed in the sight to eliminate spontaneous shifts as a result of mechanical stresses from fired shots. The absence of moving parts and a complex adjustment mechanism leads to a simplification of the design and an increase in the reliability of operation.

Industrial applicability

At the applicant enterprise, a sight model was constructed with a device for changing the type and position of the sighting mark. The display used an electroluminescent matrix display with a resolution of 320 × 240 with a pixel pitch of 0.3 mm from Planar, the control unit for the display pixels was used by the same company, and a flash memory on an SD card was used as a memory block. Previously, by means of a special controller, an image of the aiming mark was recorded in memory. When placing the display in the focal plane of the sight lens, an aim mark was formed in the field of view. The sighting mark was contrasting enough for the possibility of aiming in bright sunny weather. When the starting point “0” was shifted by one pixel, the entire image of the reticle was moved by a pixel pitch of 0.3 mm. Which corresponded to the shift of the mark in the field of view of the sight relative to the initial position. Thus, the output of the aiming mark in the field of view of the sight and its shift to correct aiming without mechanical movements were performed. The fabricated layout confirmed the technical feasibility and claimed advantages of the device for forming the reticle in comparison with the device taken as a prototype. The absence of mechanical moving parts made it possible to simplify the design of the sight and significantly increased its reliability during operation as part of a weapon. Resource tests of the sight with an electronic aiming mark on a physically fixed medium showed retraction of the aiming mark less than 5 milliradians, which was lower than the error of the measuring equipment and was caused by mechanical shifts in the construction of the sight itself independent of the aiming mark.

Claims (6)

1. A device for changing the appearance and position of the reticle, characterized in that it contains a matrix display with a resolution of at least 128 × 128 pixels, an electronic memory unit with pre-recorded states and pixel addresses of the reticle mark image, and an electronic control unit that allows the retrieval of the reticle to be output from a memory block anywhere in the matrix display field with an accuracy of 1 pixel. 2. A device for changing the appearance and position of the reticle according to claim 1, characterized in that a transparent liquid crystal display with opaque active pixels is used as a matrix display. 3. A device for changing the type and position of the reticle according to claim 1, characterized in that a liquid crystal display with active pixel illumination by LEDs is used as a matrix display. 4. A device for changing the appearance and position of the reticle according to claim 1, characterized in that an organic LED display (OLED) is used as a matrix display. 5. A device for changing the type of position of the reticle according to claim 1, characterized in that an electroluminescent transparent display is used as a matrix display. 6. A device for changing the appearance and position of the reticle according to claim 1, characterized in that an electroluminescent opaque display is used as a matrix display.

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