RU2288326C1 - Screw pile, screw pile installation method, screw pile driving means and open-cut tunneling method with the use of screw pile - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building, particularly to erect load-bearing foundation, to retain installation on ground surface and to drive underwater and ground-surface tunnels.

SUBSTANCE: screw pile comprises metal pipe with helical winding formed on the metal pipe and with concrete head installed on the pipe. Concrete head has thickness equal to 1/4-5 pipe diameters. Metal rods having length equal to that of concrete head are built in the concrete head. The helical winding extends along the full shaft length and is made as helical blade with width equal to 0.5-5 concrete head diameters. The helical winding has conical part formed in lower pile part and extending for the length equal to not more than 1/3 of pile length. Triangular stiffening ribs are distributed over the full helical blade surface and have bases connected with each other and abutting metal pipe. Apexes of the stiffening ribs are located at blade edge. Apex of each stiffening rib is provided with metal rod. Metal rods of stiffening ribs are connected with each other by metal reinforcement members embedded in blade edge. Additional triangular stiffening ribs are created in the blade. The additional triangular stiffening ribs extend transversely to main stiffening ribs and have bases connected with pipe. Additional stiffening ribs have apexes fastened to apexes of corresponding main stiffening ribs. Connection member adapted to connect the screw pile with building structure is located in upper pipe part. The connection member is made as header provided with thread or ribbed reinforced concrete header. Upper part of the header is fitted with hook fixer. Lower part thereof has bolt to provide keyed pile driving means fixation. Screw pile driving method and means, as well as tunneling method or method for underground passage construction by open-cut method with the use of the screw pile are also disclosed.

EFFECT: increased structural load-bearing ability, simplified structure, accuracy and reliability of screw pile driving, as well as possibility to drive pile in densely built-up areas.

5 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The group of inventions, united by a single creative concept, relates to construction and can be used to build bearing foundations and fix various mechanisms and devices on the ground, as well as for tunneling in an open way, both land and underwater.

Screw pile and method of installing screw piles.

Due to the huge variety of engineering and geological conditions of construction sites on which buildings and structures are being built or have been erected, there are often such ground conditions that require the use of pile tools. In the conditions of close urban development, in the presence of a large number of historical buildings and monuments in Russian cities, the traditional way of immersing driven, bored and crushed piles becomes impossible due to significant impacts on nearby buildings, causing undesirable deformations in them.

In this regard, in many cities, in particular in Moscow, St. Petersburg and others, this type of work is prohibited.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result are a screw pile, including a shaft with a screw winding placed on it, and a method of installing a screw pile, including dipping the pile into the ground (see RU, patent No. 2073084, class E 02 D 5/38, 1997).

The disadvantages of the known screw piles and the method of installing the screw piles are the low bearing capacity of the piles, the difficulty and inaccuracy of the installation (it is impossible to install the pile exactly in a given place), insufficient reliability of the pile, and the impossibility of screwing the pile into the ground.

The technical result, the achievement of which the present invention is directed, is to increase the structural bearing capacity of the piles, simplicity, accuracy, reliability and ease of installation, the possibility of mounting piles in densely built areas.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a screw pile comprising a metal pipe with a screw winding placed on it, according to the invention, a concrete nozzle with a thickness of 1/4 to 5 pipe diameters in which the metal pins are placed is installed on the pipe, the length of the pins is equal to the length of the nozzle, the screw winding is made along the entire length of the barrel in the form of a screw blade, the width of which is from 0.5 to 5 diameters of the outer concrete nozzle, and in the lower part of the pile, which is no more than 1/3 of its length, the winding is made triangular metal stiffeners are placed along the entire screw surface of the blade, and the bases of adjacent ribs are interconnected and adjacent to the concrete nozzle, and their vertices are placed along the edge of the blade, with a metal pin located at the top of each stiffening rib and the pins connected between themselves with metal reinforcement laid along the edge of the blade, while in the winding there are additional triangular stiffeners installed perpendicular to the main ones, also connected to the bases and with the pipe, and the peaks - with the peaks of the corresponding main stiffeners, while in the upper part of the pipe there is a unit for connecting to the hook the device for screwing the piles and the connection element of the pile with the structure.

The connection element of the piles with the structure can be made in the form of a head with a thread, while the hook mount is made in the upper part of the head.

The connection element of the piles with the structure can be made in the form of a reinforced concrete head with reinforcement pins.

When installing piles in a swampy area, a reinforced concrete rod can be installed between the head and the metal pipe.

In addition, this technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of installing a screw pile, including immersion of the pile into the soil, according to the invention, a hole is drilled in the soil whose diameter is not less than the outer diameter of the pile shaft, but not more than 1/4 of the diameter of the blade in its wide part , the pile is pulled with a hook and the key of the device for screwing the piles onto the bolt is inserted, then the end of the pile is placed in the hole and the pile is immersed in the ground by simultaneously applying a screwing and pressing force using devices for screwing piles.

The device for screwing the piles according to the invention is made in the form of a removable end nozzle on the drilling machine and is connected to the gearbox of the latter, while the inner part of the end nozzle is made in the form of a key made in the form of a pile bolt, while an opening for accommodating the cable is made in the side wall of the end nozzle with a hook.

Figure 1 shows a General view of a screw pile.

Figure 2 is a vertical section of a pile.

Figure 3 - section piles aa.

Figure 4 - the location of the triangular stiffeners.

Figure 5 is an embodiment of piles for marshy terrain.

Figure 6 - device for screwing piles.

A screw pile contains a metal pipe 1 with a screw winding 2 placed on it, a concrete nozzle 3 with a thickness of 1/4 to 5 pipe diameters in which the metal pins 4 are placed, is worn on the pipe 1, the length of the pins 4 is equal to the length of the nozzle 3, while the screw winding 2 is made continuous along the entire length of the barrel 1 in the form of a helical blade, the width of which is from 0.5 to 5 of the outer diameters of the concrete nozzle 3, and in the lower part of the pile, which is 1/3 of its length, the winding 2 is conical, while the helical surface of the blades placed tre coal ribs 5 of stiffness, and the base 6 of adjacent ribs 5 are interconnected and adjacent to the metal pipe 1, and their peaks 6 are placed along the edge of the blade, while at the top 6 of each ribs 5 there is a metal pin 7, and the pins 7 are interconnected by reinforcement 8, laid along the edge of the blade. In addition, in the winding there are additional stiffening ribs 9 installed perpendicular to the main ribs 5. Additional stiffening ribs 9 are also connected by the bases 10 to the metal pipe 1, and their vertices are connected to the vertices of the main stiffening ribs. At the same time, in the upper part of the barrel 1 there is an element connecting the piles with the structure, made, for example, in the form of a metal head 11 with a thread, the thread is intended for fastening structural elements (for example, rails) on it, in the upper part of the head 11 there is a fastener 12 for the hook 13, and in the lower part of the head 12 a bolt 14 is installed to enable fixation with the key 15 of the device 16 for screwing the pile.

The connection element of the piles with the structure can be made in the form of pins 17 of the reinforcement.

When installing piles in a swampy area between the head 12 and the metal pipe 1, a reinforced concrete rod 18 can be installed.

The method of installing a screw pile is as follows.

A preliminary analysis of soil density is made and a map of the pile field is made. Then, according to preliminary marking, a hole is drilled in the soil, the diameter of which is not less than the outer diameter of the pipe 1 of the pile, but not more than 1/4 of the diameter of the screw winding blade 2 in its wide part, the pile is pulled with a hook 13 and the key 15 of the device 16 for screwing the pile onto the bolt 14, then the end of the pile is placed in the hole and the pile is immersed in the soil by simultaneously applying the screwing and pressing forces using the device 16 for screwing the pile.

The device 16 for screwing the piles is made in the form of a removable end nozzle 17 on the drilling machine (not shown) and connected to the gearbox of the latter (not shown), while the inner part of the end nozzle 17 is made in the form of a key 15 made in the form of a screw 14 of the pile this hole in the side wall of the end nozzle 17 is made 25 to accommodate the cable 19 with the hook 13.

The device for screwing the pile allows you to quickly and easily put on and fix the key 15 on the bolt 14, and then install the end of the pile exactly in the hole drilled in advance and quickly and reliably (without distortions and deviations from the set mark) install the pile in the ground by screwing it.

Using the proposed piles gives a great economic effect, due to the fact that piles can be used on any terrain, including marshy, and with dense area development. It is possible to use shortened piles, the length of which is 2-5 times less than that of standard piles, with the same bearing capacity. Piles have a high bearing capacity, they can be quickly, easily and reliably fixed, they work equally efficiently with both pressing and squeezing forces, which allows them to be used effectively both in the construction of ground structures in areas with dense buildings and in the construction of tunnels open metro, laying pipes along the bottom of the sea, building power lines, bridges, installing rails, underpasses, etc.

The location of the reinforcement in the pile and its implementation in the form of corrugated metal pins, triangular metal stiffeners with metal pins at the top, interconnected by metal reinforcement, all this improves the strength, reliability and bearing capacity of the pile and prevents the destruction of the pile when it is screwed.

The choice of the dimensions of the width of the screw blade and the cone-shaped section of the pile is determined by the requirements for the pile (reliability, strength, bearing capacity), and the geological features of the soil in which the pile is installed.

The possibility of their easy dismantling by unscrewing allows repeatedly, if necessary, to use piles, which is necessary in the construction, for example, temporary crossings, the installation of rails for tower cranes.

The method of laying the tunnel in an open way.

The invention relates to the field of construction and can be used in the construction of long tunnels, underwater, underground, etc., as well as underground passages in an open way.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method of tunneling, including installing at a given distance from each other supporting elements and placing the main structure on them (RU, patent No. 2239025, class E 02 D 29/02, 2003).

The disadvantages of this method are the complexity of the construction of the tunnel, the long construction time, insufficient reliability of the design of the tunnel and the inability to dismantle temporary bridges when the need arises.

The technical result, the achievement of which the present invention is directed, is to simplify the construction of the tunnel, reduce the cost of the cost, reduce construction time and increase safety during its operation.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of laying a tunnel or underground passage in an open way, including installing support elements at a predetermined distance from each other and placing the main structure on them, according to the invention, screw piles with a fastening element of the pile with the main structure are used as supporting elements and as the main structure - tubular sections with a length of 10 to 500 m when laying a tunnel under water and transporting by water, and from 2 to 30 meters when transporting with further, in this case, the pit is pre-excavated and the piles are installed according to the marking by simultaneous application of the pressing and screwing forces, the pipe sections with plugs at the ends and fasteners for connection with the fastening elements, the piles are delivered to the tunnel laying site, the structure is laid on the piles, fixed and compacted soil under and around the pipe by vibration absorption.

When laying on land sections can be made collapsible.

The method of laying the tunnel in an open way is illustrated in the drawing, where Fig.7 shows a General view of the tunnel.

The tunneling method is as follows

Depending on the length of the tunnel, the characteristics of the soil (in the case of laying an underground tunnel), the depth of the strait (gulf), the direction of the current, and the geological structure of the bottom of the reservoir (in the case of laying the underwater tunnel), the installation site of the supporting elements. Dig a foundation pit of the given sizes.

As supporting elements use screw piles proposed for consideration in this application (shown in figure 1), with fastening elements 11 piles with the main structure 20. Piles (use piles described in paragraph 1 of the claims) are installed in the pit according to the markup by simultaneous application of pressing and screwing forces. The installation of piles is described in detail in this application in the description of the method of installing a screw pile (claim 5).

As the main structure, tubular sections 21 of the design length are used. The section length is made as long as possible, possible for transporting the length. The section length can be from 10 to 500 meters when transporting sections by water and laying an underwater tunnel, or from 2 to 30 meters when transporting sections by land. In the case of transportation of sections by water, they are given close to zero buoyancy and plugs 22 are installed at the ends. On sections 21, fasteners 23 are installed for connection with fasteners 11 of piles. In the case of transportation of the section by land, it can be made collapsible from several parts 24, which at the installation site are connected mainly by screw fasteners.

After sections 21 are delivered to the tunnel laying site, they are installed on piles 1. Fasteners 23 and 11 of piles and sections are connected. Then produce compaction of the soil under the pipe and around the pipe by vibration absorption (RU, patent No. 2236503, CL E 02 D 3/02, 2003).

The proposed method of tunneling in an open way using piles described in paragraph 1 of the present invention, and the installation method described in paragraph 5 of the present invention, allow you to quickly, reliably and efficiently lay a tunnel in the shortest possible time, while if necessary, unscrew piles from the ground without damaging their structures, and they can be used repeatedly, for example, in the construction of temporary crossings, the laying of a temporary railway.

Using a group of inventions, united by a single inventive concept, will make it possible to take a new step in construction. It can be used for the construction of bearing foundations and the fastening of various mechanisms and devices on the ground, as well as for tunneling in an open way, both land and underwater.

Claims (5)

1. A screw pile, including a metal pipe with a screw winding placed on it, characterized in that a concrete nozzle with a thickness of 1/4 to 5 pipe diameters is installed on the pipe, in which metal pins are placed, the length of which is equal to the length of the nozzle, and the screw winding is made along the entire length of the barrel in the form of a helical blade, the width of which is from 0.5 to 5 diameters of the outer concrete nozzle, in the lower part of the pile, which is no more than 1/3 of its length, the winding is conical, while along the entire helical surface of the blade triangular metal stiffeners are placed, the bases of adjacent ribs are interconnected and adjacent to the metal pipe, and their vertices are placed along the edge of the blade, while at the top of each stiffener there is a metal pin, the stiffener pins are interconnected by metal fittings laid along the edge of the blade at the same time, additional triangular stiffeners are installed in the blades, installed perpendicular to the main one, connected by the bases to the pipe, and by the vertices - with the vertices of the corresponding main obvious stiffening ribs, while in the upper part of the pipe there is an element connecting the piles with the structure, made in the form of a head with a thread or a reinforced concrete head with pins, and in the upper part of the head there is a fastening for a hook, and in the lower part of the head there is a bolt for fixing with the key for screwing the pile. 2. A screw pile according to claim 1, characterized in that when installing the pile in a marshland between the head and the pipe, a reinforced concrete rod is installed. 3. The method of installing a screw pile, made according to claim 1, characterized in that a hole is drilled in the soil, the diameter of which is not less than the outer diameter of the pile shaft, but not more than 1/4 of the diameter of the pile blade in its wide part, the pile is pulled with a hook and inserted the key of the device for screwing the pile onto the bolt, then the end of the pile is placed in the hole and the pile is immersed in the soil by applying a screwing and pressing force with the help of the device for screwing the pile. 4. The device for screwing the piles during the implementation of the method according to claim 3, characterized in that it is made in the form of a removable end nozzle, while the inner part of the end nozzle is made in the form of a key in the form of a pile head bolt, while in the side wall of the end nozzle is made hole for placing the rope with the hook of the drilling machine. 5. The method of laying a tunnel or underground passage in an open way using a screw pile, made according to claim 1, comprising installing at a given distance from each other supporting elements and placing the main structure on them, while screw piles with a fastening element are used as supporting elements piles with the main structure, and as the main structure - tubular sections with a length of 10 to 500 m for laying under water and transporting by water and from 2 to 30 m - made collapsible during transportation by land, with the pit is pre-dug, the piles are installed according to the marking by the simultaneous application of pressing and screwing forces, the pipe sections with plugs at the ends and fasteners for connection with the fastening elements, the piles are delivered to the tunnel laying site, the structure is laid on the piles, fixed and the soil is compacted under and vibroabsorption around the pipes.

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