RU2286854C1 - Pneumatic separating apparatus for grain cleaning machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, grain cleaning and sorting equipment used in enterprises of agricultural, food-processing and mixed feed industry.

SUBSTANCE: pneumatic separating apparatus of grain cleaning machine has fan, pneumatic separation channel, settling chamber, dust catcher, air flow velocity regulator, mechanisms for charging of basic grain mixture and discharging fractions thereof. Dust catcher is of rotational cross-flow type. Dust catcher inlet branch pipe is directly connected with fan outlet branch pipe. Air flow velocity regulator is located within fan. Baffling surfaces are located in inlet branch pipe of dust catcher at an acute angle to its longitudinal axis, one above another in the course of air flow.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in cleaning of used air.

1 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used for cleaning and sorting grain in agricultural enterprises, flour and grain elevator and animal feed industry.

Known pneumatic separating device of a grain cleaning machine, including a fan, sedimentation chambers, pneumatic separating channels, loading and unloading devices and a cyclone for cleaning exhaust air (Burkov AI, Sychugov NP Grain-cleaning machines. Design, research, calculation and testing. - Kirov : NIISH of the North-East, 2000. - P.58-59).

The disadvantage of this pneumatic separation device is the high resistance of the dust collecting device - the cyclone and the associated high energy consumption.

The closest in technical solution and the achieved result to the proposed invention is a pneumatic separating device, including a fan, a pneumatic separating channel, a sedimentary chamber, a louver dust collector, an air velocity regulator, loading mechanisms of the initial grain mixture and withdrawal of its fractions (Kremnev A.N., Pankratov N. K. Pneumatic separator SP-5. // Tractors and agricultural machinery. - 1983. - No. 2. P.27-28) - prototype.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the low efficiency of the purification of exhaust air at low air flow rates due to a decrease in inertial forces with a decrease in air speed.

The regulation of air consumption (speed) in the pneumatic separation channel is caused by the difference in the speed of soaring of seeds of grain crops and impurities. For each grain material fed to the pneumatic separating device for processing, the air speed is set according to the permissible level of loss of full grain in waste.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of purification of exhaust air removed from the pneumatic separation device of a grain cleaning machine in a wide range of air flow rates.

The problem is solved using the proposed pneumatic separation device of a grain cleaning machine, including a fan, a pneumatic separation channel, a sedimentation chamber, a dust collector, an air velocity regulator, loading mechanisms of the initial grain mixture and output of its fractions, moreover, the dust collector is made of rotary cross-flow, while its inlet pipe is directly connected to the outlet of the fan, in which the air speed regulator is installed, and in the inlet of the dust collector under sharp m reflecting planes located above relative to each other in the direction of movement of the air flow are installed at an angle to its longitudinal axis.

As a result of the analysis of literary sources, no identical execution of the proposed device was found. Moreover, distinctive features from the prototype signs give the claimed combination of new properties, manifested in a positive effect.

The implementation of the dust collector rotational cross-flow (for example, according to the patent of Russian Federation No. 2244585, 01 D 45/14) allows you to get an additional effect, which is expressed in increasing the effective cleaning of the exhaust air removed from the pneumatic separation device of the grain cleaning machine, at low flow rates (speeds) of air.

The presence of reflective planes installed in the inlet of the rotary cross-flow dust collector at an acute angle to its longitudinal axis and located higher relative to each other in the direction of movement of the air flow also helps to improve the efficiency of air purification.

In addition, the connection of the inlet pipe of the dust collector directly with the outlet pipe of the fan reduces the overall size of the pneumatic separating device in length, and the installation of an air speed regulator in the outlet pipe of the fan allows, in addition to controlling the air speed, to separate large particles before they enter the rotor. As a result, when the proposed device is operating, a positive effect is achieved that significantly exceeds the effect of the prototype and known technical solutions.

The drawing shows a diagram of a pneumatic separation device of a grain cleaning machine.

The air separating device of the grain cleaning machine consists of a fan 1, having a suction window 2 and an outlet pipe 3, an air separating channel 4, a sediment chamber 5, a rotary cross-flow dust collector 6, a speed regulator 7, mechanisms 8, 9, 10 for loading the initial grain mixture and its output fractions. The fan can be used of any type — diametric, centrifugal, axial, etc. The rotary cross-flow dust collector 6 contains a rotor 11, an inlet pipe 12, a collecting case with an output channel 13, a dust collection chamber 14. The inlet pipe 12 of the dust collector is provided with reflective planes 15 installed at an acute angle α to its longitudinal axis and located higher relative to each other in the direction of air flow. The mechanism 8 for loading the initial grain mixture can be made in the form of a pitched board, a vibratory tray, a feed roller, etc., which are installed in the inlet window 16 located on the side wall of the air separation channel 4. The mechanisms 9, 10 for outputting light impurities and dust can be made in in the form of a screw, airlock or other devices ensuring the tightness of the pneumatic system. The speed controller 7 is a rotating throttle installed in the outlet pipe 3 of the fan 1. The inlet pipe 12 of the rotary dust collector 6 is connected directly to the outlet pipe 3 of the fan.

Pneumatic separating device of a grain cleaning machine operates as follows.

The initial grain mixture by mechanism 8 is fed through the inlet window 16 into the pneumatically separating channel 4, where it is processed by the air flow created by the fan 1. Light impurities rise up and then settle in the sedimentation chamber 5 and the mechanism 9 is brought out. The purified grain material under the action of gravity moves down and enters, as necessary, to other working bodies of the grain cleaning machine (not shown).

Air flow with dust from the sedimentation chamber 5 by the fan 1 is pumped through its outlet pipe 3 into the inlet pipe 12 of the rotary cross-flow dust collector 6. Large dust particles hit the speed controller 7, reflective planes 15 and fall into the dust collection chamber 14. When the rotor rotates 11 fine dust particles interact with its blades and, under the action of centrifugal forces, are thrown into the dust collecting chamber 14. The cleaned air passes the rotor 11 in the transverse direction, is collected in the casing and along the outlet channel in 13 is removed from the machine. The collected dust from the dust chamber 14 by the mechanism 10 is discharged to the outside. The air speed in the pneumatic separation channel 4 is set by the regulator 7, depending on the required degree of purity and loss of full grain in the waste.

The advantages of the invention, which increase the efficiency of exhaust air purification in a wide range of flow rates, are achieved as a result of the fact that with a decrease in air flow, the dust collection efficiency of a rotary cross-flow dust collector does not decrease, but increases, since the aerodynamic forces decrease and the centrifugal forces remain unchanged. The presence of air velocity regulator in the outlet of the fan and in the inlet of the dust collector of reflective planes mounted at an acute angle α to its longitudinal axis and located higher relative to each other in the direction of movement of the air flow also increase the efficiency of dust collection at the lowest resistance to air flow.

Claims (1)

A pneumatic separating device for a grain cleaning machine, including a fan, a pneumatic separating channel, a sedimentation chamber, a dust collector, an air velocity regulator, loading mechanisms of the initial grain mixture and output of its fractions, characterized in that the dust collector is made of rotary cross-flow, while its inlet pipe is directly connected to the outlet a fan nozzle in which an air speed regulator is installed, and in the inlet nozzle of the dust collector, an acute angle to its longitudinal axis is installed arranged above each other in the direction of airflow reflective plane.