RU2284002C2 - Method for masking of movable objects by cut-off flora, preserved and/or artificial inclusive, and device for its realization (variations of invention) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: masking of movable objects.

SUBSTANCE: flora is fastened on the movable object, and masking is formed of it. The flora is distributed uniformly, their ratio of areas of the sum of foliage or branches projections to a plane surface to the sum of projections of clearances in the flora space is selected within 30 to 80% or calculated by a definite formula. The ratio of the areas of the sum of projections of the flora projecting beyond the boundary of the object contour to a plane to the projection of the area of this object to the same plane is selected within 0 to 0.5. At calculation the larger values of the mentioned figures are selected with due account made for limitation defined by the permissible load-carrying capacity of the movable object. The flora may be fastened asymmetrically above separate components of the movable object according to a preliminarily developed plan. Geometrically correct shapes of assemblies, units and components of the movable object stretched over by elements or components of the masking coating are changed by backings with a variable or invariable shape and by the outline of the projections and cavities of the object on the whole. The device is provided with clamps for fastening of the flora and by a foundation made of plastic. The foundation has a base corresponding to the object surface in the point of its fastening, and made for fastening on horizontal and vertical surfaces. The clamps are fastened on the peripheral sections of the foundation.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of masking.

24 cl, 30 dwg, 5 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of camouflage, and more particularly to techniques and methods for hiding moving objects in the visible range of electromagnetic waves and, in particular, in the infrared and radar wavelength ranges.

Known vertical, horizontal and inclined floor masks, deforming and special artificial masks / 1 /. Vertical, horizontal and inclined masks, as well as overlapping masks are used to hide objects, as well as to cover false objects. Deforming masks are used to change the appearance of masked objects and the shadows falling from them. Artificial masks consist of a frame and a camouflage coating. The frame is a supporting structure supporting a camouflage coating; it gives the mask a certain shape and ensures its location, as a rule, above a fixed masked object. Camouflage coating provides the desired camouflage effect. Frameworks of masks consist of racks, cords, runs, braces (struts) and anchor supports, and camouflage coatings consist of a base and camouflage material attached to it. The branches are fixed by weaving into the network, and to keep them in a vertical position, the knots of 3 ... 4 branches are connected under the network. Tufts of grass are attached to the net by interlacing them between the strands of the net, and the bast is tied. Cut vegetation in such camouflage coatings changes to ribbons of fabric, plastic, film and paper, i.e. artificial elements imitating cut vegetation / 1 /.

A disadvantage of the known artificial masks, methods (techniques) for their use and the use of cut and artificial vegetation for the manufacture of artificial masks, selected as analogues of the claimed method and device for its implementation, lies primarily in the fact that they cannot be used to mask moving objects . Numerous attempts to place elements of a service camouflage coating on a moving object such as a tank, armored personnel carrier and infantry fighting vehicle showed the impossibility of a simple engineering solution consisting in fixing the service cover on the object, which is associated with limiting the mobility of the tower, guns and machine gun, thereby reducing their combat effectiveness. In addition, despite the fact that the masking effect takes place, however, it is impossible to recognize it as satisfactory, since the coating practically does not change the configuration of the masked object and only partially eliminates its own shadows.

There is a method of masking vehicles with cut vegetation, in which cars are placed under trees and thrown with cut vegetation, and when located in shelters, the parapet is masked in the same way / 2 /.

It is known to use models of stacks and stacks as a mask hiding a moving object (tank, armored personnel carrier, car) / 3 /. Moreover, according to the recommendations of Kiselyov K.F. and Yasina E.Z / 3 /: "the layout frame must be so designed that its elements do not interfere with the placement and, if necessary, the quick removal of the hidden object from under the layout." The frames of stacks of stacks or stacks are made of poles, and the coating is made of a camouflage carpet of the corresponding color (the color of hay, straw) or from a camouflage net into which hay (straw) is woven.

A disadvantage of the known methods for masking moving objects, selected as an analogue of the proposed method and device for its implementation, is the limited ability, and to a greater extent, the impossibility of implementing the known methods for masking moving objects. As for the technical solution, it is in the nature of the problem statement, and there is no specific solution for placing a stack of stacks (stacks) on a moving object.

Of the many film, video and photo documents / cm. at least 4 / period of the Great Patriotic War and the present, as well as the results of the exercises, there is a known method for masking moving objects with cut vegetation, selected as a prototype of the proposed method, which consists in placing and securing cut tree branches on a moving object.

An analysis of film, photo documents and training results indicates the unconditional effectiveness of fixing cut vegetation on moving objects, however, the achievement of the desired effect is random in nature and in most cases cannot be considered satisfactory. This is due to the lack of the possibility of securing a sufficient amount of cut vegetation on a moving object, as well as the absence in the well-known literature of at least any recommendations (instructions) on securing cut vegetation on a moving object that describe the parameters of such a mask.

A device for masking moving objects containing a frame with artificial vegetation, mounted on a moving object / 5 /. The frame in it is made of strips of fabric interconnected with a certain pitch, on which elements of artificial vegetation are fixed, made in the form of spring-loaded rods pivotally mounted on the base of the frame and located along its longitudinal axis with hinged spring plates on which the film is fixed in the form of leaves imitating vegetation. The tops of the rods are provided with separate cords, the ends of which are attached to a common cord located along the frame.

The disadvantage of the device for masking moving objects, selected as a prototype of a device for implementing the method of masking moving objects with cut and / or artificial vegetation, is the lack of specific recommendations (instructions) for fixing artificial vegetation on a moving object, ensuring reliable implementation of the known method and device for masking, expressed lack of detection and recognition of the masked object. In addition, the complexity of the design associated with the presence of rising and falling elements on differently located, including moving elements of a moving object, complicates the implementation of the device.

The objective of the invention is to increase the reliability of the implementation and the effectiveness of the method of masking moving objects of cut, including preserved, and / or artificial vegetation by reducing the likelihood of recognition of a masked object by the recommended placement of cut and / or artificial vegetation on it, as well as by increasing operational characteristics devices for implementing the method by simplifying the design solution while increasing its reliability.

This object is achieved by the fact that in the method of masking moving objects cut, including preserved, and / or artificial vegetation, which consists in fixing the vegetation on a moving object

according to the first option:

firstly, the vegetation is distributed evenly in it, while the ratio of the area T of the sum of the projections of foliage and branches onto an equal surface to the sum of the projections of the gaps in the volume of vegetation is selected within the range of T≥30 ... 80% or more precisely by expression

where V - visibility, in the rapids;

K is the contrast;

ε is the threshold contrast,

and the ratio of the areas D of the sum of the projections of the vegetation that extends beyond the contour of the object onto the plane to the projection of the area of this object onto the same plane is selected within 0 <D≤0.5, both in the first expression and in the second and third a larger value of T and D which may be limited by the permissible carrying capacity P _gn of a moving object ΔP _p ≤Р _g.n. where ΔP _p - the weight of the vegetation used to mask the moving object;

secondly, it evenly distributed vegetation is grouped in areas with different contrast K relative to each other, and the contrast K is selected not less than K≥0.4 for all calculation methods of exploration, in addition, the size l _{min of the} element or group vegetation element one parameter, in particular color, it is performed from the condition or to detect them in the exploration and design conditions plausible for maximum l _max for playing category areas and spots characteristic of the surrounding background when e ohms as calculated sizes l _min and l _max is adopted smallest obtained for various means and methods of exploration, besides portions or groups of portions vegetation one parameter, in particular the color, carried elongated curved shape with different contours of protrusions and recesses, wherein the direction of the axes elongated sections or groups of sections of vegetation is located at an angle of 30 ... 60 ° to the contour of the moving object, and the vegetation is selected or two colors of about 75 and 25%, or two colors of 25% and the third about 50%;

thirdly, hemp and / or fiberglass, and / or linen, and / or carbon fiber, and / or another known network, previously stretched onto the surface of nodes, aggregates and elements of a moving object and containing deaf and / or quick-expanding seams connecting the frame - the edges of the network to each other and / or with known fasteners made on a moving object, while sections of vegetation are woven into the network using at least one thread;

fourthly, mask elements protruding beyond the masked object — the vegetation is performed with a sufficiently high density of T≅75 ... 80%, which ensures reliable deformation of the contours of a moving object;

fifthly, in it the cut part of the branch is wrapped with moss and / or rags with their subsequent moistening, in particular, moss and / or rags, together with the branch cut, are wrapped in polyethylene or placed in a bag made of sealed material;

sixth, rags or cotton wool in a bag are impregnated with a preservative containing, in particular, nitric acid silver, glycerin, formalin, iron sulfate, brilliant greenery and distilled water for hardwoods, as well as additional coniferous extract for conifers of trees and shrubs, or a solution of potassium peroxide and boric acid in a ratio of 40 ... 99.9 and 60 ... 0.01% of the mass, respectively;

seventh, in it cut branches of deciduous plants are treated with a solution containing nitric acid silver, glycerin, formalin, iron sulfate, diamond greens and distilled water in the following ratio of ingredients, in% of the mass:

nitric acid silver 0.05 ... 0.1 glycerol 20 ... 45 formalin 0,1 ... 0,5 inkstone 0,1 ... 0,5 diamond greens 0,1 ... 0,4 distilled water rest

and for conifers, coniferous extract is additionally used in the ratio of 0.3 ... 0.4% of the mass due to distilled water;

eighth, devices for attaching vegetation, made in particular in the form of a clamp, are installed on the object, mainly in a checkerboard pattern and / or in rows, in particular, at a distance of 300 ... 600 mm from each other vertically and horizontally at the same time, branches of at least 600 ... 1500 mm high and 300 ... 600 mm in the diameter filled with foliage are selected for camouflage;

ninth, in it, painted or unpainted water-air or hardening polymer foam, including those containing special hydrophobic inclusions, is applied to the surface of a moving object, including over a camouflage coating;

according to the second option:

firstly, in it the vegetation is fixed asymmetrically over the individual elements of the moving object according to a previously developed scheme, while the ratio of the areas T of the sum of the projections of the foliage and branches onto the flat surface P _s to the projection of the gaps in the volume of vegetation P _o installed above the elements of the object is selected in limits T = (P _s / P _o ) · 100% ≥75 ... 80%, and the ratio of the area of the sum of the projections of the vegetation that extends beyond the boundaries of the object to the plane S _in to the projection of this object on the same plane S _n is selected within 0 <D = S _in / S _n ≤0.5, moreover, when choosing a scheme for fixing vegetation, taking into account the first and second expressions, they tend to large values of T and D, in addition, when developing a scheme for fixing vegetation, the size l _{min of the} volume of vegetation installed above an element of an object is selected from the condition of it or their detection in the design conditions and credible intelligence to the maximum l _max for playing category spot areas and typical of the surrounding background, besides the development of vegetation fixing scheme on the subject as the calculations Foot size l _min smallest accepted for various means and methods of intelligence;

secondly, the ratio In the size of the diameter of the volume of vegetation or its component to the size of the diameter of the moving object is selected in the range of 0.05≤B≤0.25, moreover, this size, taking into account all other restrictions, is chosen smaller;

thirdly, in it, individual volumes of vegetation installed above individual elements of the object are made of an elongated curved shape with different outlines of protrusions and depressions, and the direction of the axes of the elongated volumes of vegetation is placed at an angle of 30 ... 60 ° to the contour of the moving object, in addition, the total area of the object, covered by vegetation, is chosen equal to 25 or 75%, or 25 and 50% in areas with different colors, in addition, the contrast between the vegetation and the surface of the object or between sections of vegetation with different the selected color between each other and the surface of the object is selected not less than 0.4, i.e. K≥0.4, in relation to all means and methods of intelligence;

fourthly, hemp and / or fiberglass, and / or linen, and / or carbon fiber, and / or another known network, previously stretched onto the surface of nodes, aggregates and elements of a moving object and containing deaf and / or quick-expanding seams connecting the frame - the edges of the network to each other and / or with known fasteners made on a moving object, while sections of vegetation are woven into the network using at least one thread;

fifthly, in it on the surface of a moving object, including over a camouflage coating, painted or unpainted water-air or hardening polymer foam is applied, including those containing special hydrophobic inclusions;

sixth, mask elements protruding beyond the masked object — the vegetation is performed with a sufficiently high density of T≅75 ... 80%, which ensures reliable deformation of the contours of a moving object;

seventh, in it the cut part of the branch is wrapped with moss and / or rags with their subsequent moistening, in particular moss and / or rags, together with the branch cut, are wrapped in polyethylene or placed in a bag made of sealed material;

eighth, devices for attaching vegetation, made in particular in the form of a clamp, are installed on the object, mainly in a checkerboard pattern and / or in rows, in particular, at a distance of 300 ... 600 mm from each other vertically and horizontally at the same time, branches of at least 600 ... 1500 mm high and 300 ... 600 mm in the diameter filled with foliage are selected for camouflage;

according to the third option:

firstly, the constituent elements or parts of a camouflage coating containing a mesh base or fleecy and / or tape, and / or patchwork inclusions, including with free parts freely swaying in the wind, and effective in visible and / or infrared, and / or the radar ranges of electromagnetic waves, are pulled onto the nodes, aggregates and elements of a moving object by means of overlays and / or frames and / or plates, and / or other known attachment points, in particular hooks, protrusions, clamps;

secondly, the geometrically correct shapes of nodes, assemblies and elements of a moving object, covered with elements or parts of a camouflage coating, are changed by linings with a variable or unchanged shape and outline of the protrusions and depressions and the whole object, and the ratio of the areas D of the sum of the projections of the elements and parts of the camouflage coating projecting beyond the boundaries of the object’s contour onto the plane, to the projection of the area of this object onto the same plane, it is selected within the range 0 <D≤0.5, and this ratio, taking into account all other restrictions, is chosen etsya greatest;

thirdly, under the coating is heat-reflecting and / or heat-absorbing material that covers the entire area of the moving object or only the most heated or most informative areas, providing distortion of the radiation and thereby distorting the recognized image;

fourthly, cut and / or artificial vegetation is additionally fixed on the camouflage coating, including according to any one of items 1 ... 5 or their combinations, and, in particular, loops or hooks are additionally performed on the coating to fix the vegetation , or its distribution base is used;

fifthly, in it, painted or unpainted water-air or hardening polymer foam, including one containing special hydrophobic inclusions, is applied to the surface of a moving object, including over a camouflage coating.

The task is also achieved by the fact that the device for implementing the method of masking moving objects with cut, including preserved, and / or artificial vegetation, according to the invention:

firstly, it is made in the form of a clamp, or mesh, or distribution base of a camouflage coating and fixed to the surface of a moving object and / or its elements, including weapons;

secondly, the clamp is equipped with a polyethylene or plastic flat or convex base for attaching vegetation to the horizontal and vertical surfaces of the object, respectively, the base having a flat or curved sole corresponding to the surface of the object at the place of attachment of the base;

thirdly, the convex base in cross section has an isosceles triangle having an angle of 30 ... 70 ° at the base, and a clip is located on each plane to which the hip of the triangle belongs.

It is the claimed location of cut, including preserved, and / or artificial vegetation on a moving object, the ratio of the areas of the sum of the projections of foliage and branches to the sum of the projections of the gaps in the volume of vegetation on a flat surface, as well as the ratio of the areas of the sum of the projections of vegetation that extends beyond the contour of the object on a plane to the projection of the area of this object on the same plane, provided by the proposed simple and reliable device for attaching vegetation to a moving object, and those m thereby ensuring the achievement of the task of the invention, allow us to conclude that the claimed invention are interconnected by a single inventive concept.

The inventive method of masking moving objects with cut and / or artificial vegetation differs from the prototype in that:

according to the first option:

firstly, in it the vegetation is distributed evenly; the ratio of the areas T of the sum of the projections of foliage and branches onto a flat surface to the sum of the projections of the gaps in the volume of vegetation is selected within the range of T≥30 ... 80% or more precisely by the expression

where V is the visibility of the thresholds;

K - contrast, units;

ε is the threshold contrast, units;

the ratio of the areas D of the sum of the projections of the vegetation that extends beyond the boundaries of the object’s contour to the plane to the projection of the area of this object onto the same plane is selected within 0 <D≤0.5, and, both in the first expression, and in the second and third greater value of T and D; the values of T and D may be limited by the permissible carrying capacity P _gn of a moving object ΔP _p ≤Р _g.n. where ΔP _p is the weight of cut and / or artificial vegetation used to mask a moving object;

secondly, it evenly distributed vegetation is grouped in areas with different contrast K _p relative to each other; the contrast K _{p is} selected no less than K _p ≥0.4 for all calculation methods of exploration; the size l _{min of an} element or a group of vegetation elements of one parameter, in particular color, is satisfied from the condition of its or their detection in the design conditions of exploration and plausible at the maximum l _max for the reproduced category of spots of terrain and characteristic of the surrounding background; at the same time, the smallest of the obtained for various means and methods of exploration is taken as the calculated dimensions l _min and l _max ; plots or groups of plots of vegetation of one parameter, in particular color, are elongated curved in shape with various combinations of protrusions and depressions; the directions of the axes of elongated sections or groups of sections of vegetation are located at an angle of 30 ... 60 ° to the contour of a moving object; vegetation is selected either in two colors about 75 and 25%, or two colors in 25% and the third about 50%;

according to the second option:

firstly, in it vegetation is fixed asymmetrically over individual elements of a moving object according to a previously developed scheme; the ratio of the areas T of the sum of the projections of foliage and branches onto a flat surface P _s to the projection of gaps in the volume of vegetation P _o installed above the elements of the object is selected within the limits T = (P _s / P _o ) · 100% ≥75 ... 80%; the ratio of the areas of the sum of the projections of the vegetation that extends beyond the boundaries of the object’s contour onto the plane S _в to the projection of this object onto the same plane S _n is selected within 0 <D = S _в / S _n ≤0,5; when choosing a scheme for fixing vegetation, taking into account the first and second expressions, they tend to large values of T and D; when developing a scheme for fixing vegetation, the size l _{min of the} volume of vegetation installed above the element of the object is selected from the conditions of its discovery or their detection under the design conditions of exploration and a maximum likelihood of l _max for the reproducible category of spots of the terrain and characteristic of the surrounding background; when developing a scheme for fixing vegetation at an object, the smallest of the obtained for various means and methods of exploration is taken as the estimated size l _min ;

secondly, the ratio In the size of the diameter of the volume of vegetation or its component to the size of the diameter of the moving object is selected in the range of 0.05≤V≤0.25; size B, taking into account all other restrictions, is chosen smaller;

thirdly, individual volumes of vegetation installed above individual elements of the object are made of an elongated curved shape with different outlines of protrusions and depressions; the direction of the axes of the elongated volumes of vegetation is placed at an angle of 30 ... 60 ° to the contour of the moving object; the total area of the object, covered by vegetation, is chosen equal to 25% or 75%, or 25 and 50% in areas with different colors; the contrast between the vegetation and the surface of the object or between sections of vegetation with different colors between themselves and the surface of the object is selected at least 0.4, i.e. Кр≥0.4, in relation to all means and methods of reconnaissance;

according to the third option:

firstly, the constituent elements or parts of a camouflage coating containing a mesh base and fleecy and / or tape and / or patchwork inclusions, including those with free parts freely swaying in the wind, and effective in visible and / or infrared, and / or the radar ranges of electromagnetic waves, are pulled onto the nodes, aggregates and elements of a moving object by means of overlays and / or frames and / or plates, and / or other known attachment points, in particular hooks, protrusions, clamps;

secondly, the geometrically correct shapes of nodes, assemblies and elements of a moving object, covered by elements or parts of a camouflage coating, are changed by linings with a variable or unchanged shape and outline of the protrusions and depressions and the whole object; the ratio of the areas D of the sum of the projections of the elements and parts of the camouflage coating that extends beyond the contour of the object onto the plane to the projection of the area of this object onto the same plane is selected within 0 <D≤0.5; the ratio of the named areas, taking into account all other restrictions, is selected the largest;

thirdly, under the coating is heat-reflecting and / or heat-absorbing material that covers the entire area of the moving object or only the most heated or most informative areas, providing distortion of the radiation and thereby distorting the recognized image;

fourthly, cut and / or artificial vegetation is additionally fixed on the camouflage coating; vegetation is established according to any one of claims 1 to 5 of the claims or their combinations; hinges or hooks are additionally performed on the coating for attaching vegetation, or its distribution base is used;

according to the first and second options:

firstly, hemp and / or fiberglass, and / or linen, and / or carbon-fiber, and / or another known network, previously stretched onto the surface of nodes, aggregates and elements of a moving object and containing deaf and / or quick-expanding seams connecting the edges of the network to each other and / or known attachment points made on a moving object; cut vegetation is woven into the network using at least one thread;

secondly, devices for attaching vegetation, made, in particular, in the form of a clamp, are installed on the object, mainly in a checkerboard pattern and / or in rows, in particular, at a distance of 300 ... 600 mm from each other vertically and horizontally, at the same time, branches at least 600 ... 1500 mm high and 300 ... 600 mm in diameter, filled with foliage, are selected for camouflage;

according to the first, second and third options:

firstly, in it on the surface of a moving object, including painted or unpainted water-air or polymer foam, including those containing special hydrophobic inclusions;

secondly, mask elements protruding beyond the masked object — the vegetation is performed with a sufficiently high density of T≅75 ... 80%, which ensures reliable deformation of the contours of a moving object;

thirdly, in it the cut part of the branch is wrapped with moss and / or rags with their subsequent moistening, in particular, the moss and / or rags, together with the branch cut, are wrapped in polyethylene or put in a bag made of sealed material;

fourthly, a rag or cotton wool in a bag is impregnated with a preservative containing, in particular, nitric acid silver, glycerin, formalin, iron sulfate, brilliant greenery and distilled water for hardwoods, as well as additional coniferous extract for conifers of trees and shrubs, or a solution of potassium peroxide and boric acid in a ratio of 40 ... 99.9% and 60 ... 0.01% of the mass, respectively;

fifthly, in it cut branches of deciduous plants are treated with a solution containing silver nitric acid, glycerin, formalin, vitriol, diamond greens and distilled water in the following ratio of ingredients, in% of the mass:

nitric acid silver 0.05 ... 0.1 glycerol 20 ... 45 formalin 0,1 ... 0,5 inkstone 0,1 ... 0,5 diamond greens 0,1 ... 0,4 distilled water rest

and for conifers, coniferous extract is additionally used in a ratio of 0.3 ... 0.4% of the mass due to distilled water.

The inventive device for implementing the method of camouflage of moving objects cut off, including preserved, and / or artificial vegetation is characterized in that:

firstly, it is made in the form of a clamp, or mesh, or distribution base of a camouflage coating and fixed to the surface of a moving object and / or its elements, including weapons;

secondly, the clamp is equipped with a polyethylene or plastic flat or convex base for attaching vegetation to the horizontal and vertical surfaces of the object, respectively;

thirdly, the convex base in cross section has an isosceles triangle having an angle of 30 ... 70 ° at the base, and a clip is located on each plane to which the hip of the triangle belongs;

fourthly, the base has a flat or curved sole corresponding to the surface of the object in the place of attachment of the base.

These differences allow us to conclude that the claimed technical solutions meet the criterion of "novelty." Signs that distinguish the claimed technical solutions from prototypes are not identified in other technological solutions when studying this and related areas of technology and, therefore, provide the claimed solutions with the criterion of "significant differences".

The implementation of the proposed methods is illustrated by drawings, which show:

figure 1 is a variant of the deformation of the visible contour of a moving object disguised in the first embodiment of the method (side view);

figure 2 is the same (top view);

figure 3 is a variant of the disguise of a moving object evenly distributed vegetation of two colors (side view);

figure 4 is the same (top view);

figure 5 is a variant of the masking of a moving object evenly distributed vegetation of three colors (side view);

figure 6 is the same (top view);

Fig.7 is a variant of camouflage of a moving object with asymmetrically located vegetation imitating small crowns (up to 1.5 m; side view);

Fig.8 is the same (top view);

figure 9 is the same, but large crowns (up to 3 m; side view);

figure 10 is the same (top view);

11 is a variant of camouflage of a moving object with asymmetrically located individual elements of elongated vegetation with 75% (25%) filling the area of the object (side view);

Fig.12 is the same (top view);

in Fig.13 - the same, but with 50 and 25% two-color filling (side view);

Fig.14 is the same (top view);

on Fig is a variant of camouflage of a moving object by means of a camouflage coating simulating vegetation (side view);

in Fig.16 is the same (a is a transverse section; b and c are an option of fixing the coating on the wheel and hatch, respectively);

on Fig - network for mounting vegetation on the elements of a moving object, in particular, on the guide MLRS;

Fig. 18 is a blind seam of a network for attaching vegetation;

in Fig.19 - quick-opening seam of the network;

on Fig - camouflage of a moving object by weaving slices of branches into the network;

on Fig - camouflage of a moving object by weaving branches and bunches of grass into the network;

on Fig - the effect of the degree of deformation of the contours of the object on the probability of its recognition;

in Fig.23 - a branch with a bitch;

Fig.24 is a template;

Fig.25 is the same (view A);

in Fig.26 - the base with two clamps for mounting vegetation on horizontal surfaces;

on Fig - clip with a base for mounting vegetation on vertical surfaces;

in Fig.28 - clamp (view A; in Fig.26 and 27);

on Fig - clip with a base for mounting vegetation on vertical surfaces (section BB);

on Fig - measured capacity for the distribution of bulk preservative.

The tables are presented

table 1 - specification of the drawings;

in table 2 - the ratio of transparency and weight parameters of various textured standards with plant material;

table 3 - the ratio of the transparency of the number of branches and the weight of various textured standards with plant material;

Table 4 shows an approximate distribution of masking material over transparency zones for a network of 10 × 10 m in size when the branches are interwoven with a log;

table 5 - the formulation of solutions for the conservation of conifers and deciduous species of plants.

The inventive method of masking moving objects with cut, including preserved, and / or artificial vegetation was implemented by the inventors many times during exercises and training sessions with different efficiencies. Moreover, the most effective options are formulated in the submitted application for inventions. In addition, the technical solutions formulated in the application for the invention were modeled on mock-ups of moving objects, and the masking efficiency of vegetation and the effect achieved as a result of conservation of cut vegetation were tested in natural conditions using recording equipment and means of reconnaissance of the optical and radar wavelength ranges.

As a result of experimental studies, specialists came to the following conclusions. The use of vegetation is affordable, cost-effective and appropriate. Despite the fact that the use of vegetation in the field of camouflage is widely known, compliance with the stated conditions of the process variants when hiding moving objects by vegetation provides a reliable effect that impedes the detection and recognition of an object, which ensures the "novelty" and significant differences of the claimed methods and devices from the known ones.

Cut, including preserved and artificial vegetation, can be placed:

on a moving object when it is parked or in motion by means of fastening devices;

near (incline) with a moving object when it is parked;

on top of the moving object when it is parked;

comprehensively in combination of three or any two of the three options when parking a moving object.

At the same time, it is advisable to use artificial vegetation when fixing it on a moving object by means of developed fastening elements. Preserved vegetation can be applied in all presented variants.

Masking of cut-off, including preserved and artificial vegetation, installed on a hidden movable object, is carried out as follows:

according to the first embodiment, the vegetation is distributed evenly, imitating a group of bushes (trees) that do not have separation boundaries (see Fig. 1 ... 6). In this case, the color of the vegetation can be selected from one (see Fig. 1 and 2), two (see Fig. 3 and 4) or three (see Fig. 5 and 6) shades of brightness and / or colors with a contrast between them not less than 0.4. Moreover, spots with different shades of elongated geometric irregular shape are located at an angle of 30 ... 60 ° to the longitudinal axis of the moving object. In addition, vegetation can have two or three colors, subject to the above conditions;

according to the second variant, vegetation is established (fixed) asymmetrically over the individual elements of the moving object according to a previously developed scheme, simulating individual crowns of trees (shrubs), including those having inter-separation boundaries (see Figs. 7 ... 14). In this case, individual groups (volumes) of vegetation choose one or two shades by brightness and / or colors with a contrast between them, in particular, between them and the color of the object, not less than 0.4. Moreover, spots with different shades can be located at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the hidden moving object;

in the third embodiment, the vegetation is imitated by a camouflage coating (see FIGS. 15 and 16). Moreover, uneven ledges and depressions on real bushes are imitated by gaskets, including inflatable, folding, etc. In addition, the distribution base of the coating and / or mesh can be used as elements for attaching vegetation to the object. In addition, the vegetation is fixed in accordance with the recommendations described in the first and second presented variants of the claimed masking method.

The method of masking moving objects of cut, including preserved, and / or artificial vegetation, according to the first embodiment, in which it is fixed on the moving object evenly, the ratio T of the area of the sum of the projections of the foliage and branches to the plane P _s to the area of the sum of the projections of the gaps in the volume of vegetation ( on the area of the visible projection formed by the cut-off, including preserved, and / or artificial vegetation 1; see figures 1 and 2), it is selected within the limits T = (P _s / P _o ) · 100% ≥30 ... 80 % (not shown), and the ratio of the areas D of the sum n oektsy S _vegetation projecting beyond the contour of the object (the visible area of the projection of the movable object), on a plane S to the projection _P of the object on the same plane selected in the range 0> D = S _in / S _n ≥0,5 (cm. figure 1 and 2). Moreover, when choosing options for a uniform distribution of vegetation, taking into account the first and second expressions, they tend to large values of T and D, which can be limited by the permissible carrying capacity of a moving object, ΔР≥Р _в , where ΔР is the reserve of carrying capacity of a moving object, kg; Rv is the weight of the vegetation according to the chosen variant of uniform distribution, kg, as well as the minimum permissible filling density T _add ≤T, where

- допустимая плотность заполнения;

- permissible filling density;

- контраст элементов подвижного объекта или всего объекта к подстилающей поверхности (грунту, траве и т.д.);

- the contrast of the elements of the moving object or the entire object to the underlying surface (soil, grass, etc.);

r _p is the brightness coefficient of the element of the object or object, unit .;

r _o - the brightness coefficient of the background (object) or underlying surface (soil, etc.), units;

ε is the threshold of the contrast sensitivity of the sensor, units

The developed method for masking moving objects, according to the first option, also consists in the fact that in it evenly distributed vegetation is selected in two colors: about 75% of the first (for example, deciduous tree branches) and about 25% of the second (for example, coniferous tree branches; see 3 and 4), or two colors about 25% each (for example, branches of coniferous trees and hay or dried dark brown-yellow weeds), and about 50%, the third (for example, branches of deciduous trees; see FIG. 5 and 6) with a contrast with respect to each other of at least 0.4, as applicable about to all settlement intelligence methods. In addition, the size l _{min of an} element or group of elements from the condition of it or their detection in the design conditions of exploration and plausible in the maximum l _max for the reproducible category of spots of the terrain and characteristic of the surrounding background, while the smallest is taken as the calculated sizes l _min and l _max from those obtained by calculation for various means and methods of reconnaissance. In addition, elements or groups of vegetation elements of the same color are made of an elongated curved shape with different outlines of protrusions and depressions, and the direction of the axes of the elongated elements or groups of vegetation elements is placed at an angle of 30 ... 60 ° to the contour of a moving object (see Fig. 3. ..6).

In this case, the size of the foliage or coniferous stem or artificial aggregate is selected in accordance with the characteristic local vegetation of the surrounding background.

In addition, vegetation protruding beyond the boundaries of the object is located, forming a curved edge 3 with different outlines of the protrusions 4 and depressions 5.

A method for masking moving objects of cut, including preserved, and / or artificial vegetation, according to the second embodiment, in which the vegetation is fixed asymmetrically over individual elements of the moving object according to a previously developed scheme by means of crowns 6 or individual branches 7 of vegetation (see, for example, FIG. .7 ... 14). In this case, the ratio of the areas T of the sum of the projections of foliage and branches onto a flat surface P _s to the projection of gaps in the volume of vegetation P _o installed above the elements of the object is selected within the limits T = (P _s / P _o ) · 100% ≥75 ... 80 % (not shown), and the ratio of the areas of the sum of the projections of the vegetation that extends beyond the boundary of the object onto the plane S _in to the projection of this object onto the same plane S _n is selected within 0 <D = S _in / S _n ≤0.5 . Moreover, when choosing a scheme for fixing vegetation, taking into account the first and second expressions, they tend to large values of T and D. In addition, when developing a scheme for fixing vegetation, the size l _{min of the} volume of vegetation installed above the element of the object is selected from the conditions of its discovery or their detection in the design conditions of exploration and maximum likelihood maximum l _max for the reproduced category of spots of the terrain and characteristic of the surrounding background (see Fig. 7 ... 14). In addition, when developing a scheme for fixing vegetation at an object, the smallest for various means and methods of exploration is taken as the estimated size l _min .

In this case, the ratio B of the size of the cross-section of the volume of vegetation in 'or its component to the size of the cross-section of the moving object in is selected within 0.05≤B≤0.25, moreover, this size, taking into account all other restrictions, is chosen smaller (see Fig. 1, 2 and 13).

The developed method for masking moving objects, according to the second variant, also consists in the fact that in it separate volumes 8 of vegetation, mounted on separate elements of object 9, are made of an elongated curved shape with different outlines of the protrusions 4 and depressions 5, and the direction of the axes of the elongated volumes of vegetation is at an angle of 30 ... 60 ° to the contour of the moving object (see Fig. 11 and 12). In addition, the total area of the object, covered by vegetation, is chosen equal to 25 or 75% (see Fig. 11 and 12) or 25 and 50% in areas with different colors (see Fig. 13 and 14). In addition, the contrast between the vegetation and the surface of the object or between sections of vegetation with different colors between themselves and the surface of the object is selected at least 0.4, i.e. K≥0.4, in relation to all means and methods of intelligence.

The method for masking moving objects, according to the third embodiment, is to fix the vegetation on a moving object, in which the components or parts of the camouflage coating 10, adopted as artificial vegetation and containing a mesh base, in particular fleecy and / or tape, and / or patchwork (not shown), including with free parts freely swaying in the wind (not shown), and effective in the visible and / or infrared and / or radar ranges of electromagnetic waves, by pulling are on the nodes, units and elements of the mobile unit by overlapping and / or frames and / or plates and / or other known attachment points, in particular hooks, lugs, clamps (not shown).

The developed method for masking moving objects, according to the third embodiment, also consists in the fact that the geometrically correct shapes of the nodes, aggregates and elements of the moving object 9, covered by elements or parts of the camouflage coating 10, are changed by pads 11 with a variable or unchanged shape and outline of the protrusions and depressions and object as a whole (see Fig.15 and 16). Moreover, the ratio of the areas D of the sum of the projections of the elements and parts of the camouflage coating projecting beyond the contour of the object onto the plane to the projection of the area of this object on the same plane is selected within 0 <D≤0.5. This ratio, taking into account all other restrictions, is chosen the greatest.

The developed method for masking moving objects, according to the third option, also consists in the fact that under the coating there are heat-reflecting and / or heat-absorbing material that covers the entire area of the moving object or only the most heated or most informative areas, providing distortion of the radiation and thereby distorting the recognized image ( not shown).

The developed method for masking moving objects, according to the third embodiment, also consists in the fact that cut and / or artificial vegetation is additionally fixed on the camouflage coating, including according to any one of claims 1 to 5 of the claims or their combinations (see Fig. 1 ... 14). Moreover, on the cover for attaching vegetation, loops or hooks can be additionally performed or its distribution base (not shown) is used.

The developed masking methods, according to the first and second options, consist, moreover, in that they use hemp and / or fiberglass, and / or linen, and / or carbon fiber, and / or another known network to fix vegetation (see Fig. 17), previously tensioned on the surface of the nodes, assemblies and elements of the moving object and containing blind 13 (see Fig. 18) and / or quick-opening 14 (see Fig. 19) seams connecting the frame - the edges of the network 15 12 between each other (15) and / or with known fasteners such as hooks, etc. (not shown) performed on a movable object 9. In this case, sections of vegetation are woven into the network using at least one thread (see FIGS. 20 and 21).

The developed masking methods, according to the first, second and third options, consist, moreover, in that they painted or unpainted water-air or hardening polymer foam are applied to the surface of the moving object 9, including over the camouflage coating 10, including containing special hydrophobic inclusions (not shown).

At the first sign of wilting, the cut vegetation is replaced by a new one. Estimated periods of use of cut vegetation is up to 3 days, preserved up to 6 ... 7 days, and artificial ones are limited by seasonality and color fading.

Artificial masks for a moving object from cut, including preserved, and / or artificial vegetation are performed according to one of the claimed methods of masking so that masks are not recognized by enemy intelligence as engineering structures and that they reliably hide the masked object 9. In order for the masks not to be recognized as masks, color, texture, shape and pattern of spots of the mask should not differ from similar characteristics of the area covered by the mask, or similar characteristics of spots surrounding background. To achieve mask invisibility, it is also necessary to ensure that the shadow falling from the mask does not differ in shape from the shadows of local objects. All these requirements are solved by implementing the claimed technical solutions.

Artificial masks can be of two types: individual elements (branches) 7, which have dimensions across, not exceeding 60 ... 150 cm, and masks with large filling - crowns of trees 6 (see figure 1 ... 14).

The weighted amount of cut branches needed to obtain this or that transparency when weaving them in an artificial mask depends on the species of trees (vegetation) used.

A different number of branches 7 woven into the net 12 (see FIG. 20) with an area of 0.4 × 0.5 m, shows that with increasing weight of the material being woven in, the transparency of the mask decreases. So, one branch of linden weighing 49 g gives 87% transparency, two branches of linden weighing 91 g - 82%, three branches weighing 144 g - 70%, four branches weighing 176 g - 60%, five branches weighing 240 g - 55% ( Tables 2 and 3) / 6 /.

To obtain the same transparency from coniferous and deciduous species, their number by weight is different, and on the basis of a number of experiments it has been established that twice as much as deciduous should be taken by weight of conifers.

Previous studies of the transparency of artificial masks from vegetation show that, against the background of smooth surfaces of elements of a masked moving object with a protective color, it is impractical to use filling densities, as in the spaces between these elements (the same as in the background of wheels), up to 80% and it’s enough to limit thirty%. At the same time, some characteristic elements of the object that have a protective color against the background of larger elements of the object may have their own shadows. However, to hide them, the maximum density of 75 ... 80% can be omitted and limited to a density of about 50%. It should also be noted that for the deformation of the contours of a moving object, mask elements protruding beyond the masked object — the vegetation must have a sufficiently high density T≈75 ... 80%.

The required amount of masking material in the weight ratio for different transparency zones when weaving into the network a mesh of 10 × 10 cm and an area of 10 × 10 m is presented in table 4/6 /.

To hide a sharply contrasting object, the filling density of that part of the coating that is above (in front of) the object should be at least 75 ... 80%. An even higher effect is obtained when a sharply contrasting object is pre-sheathed or covered with a loose coating.

Hiding objects can be achieved with a lower filling density; if the sizes of the elements of the masking mask material are increased, i.e. mask elements will have large branches (crowns (see Figs. 7 ... 10)) / 6 /. The ratio of the diameter of the elements of the masking material in the mask to the size of the diameter of the hidden object in should be within:

when hiding compact objects - 0.05 ... 0.25;

when hiding extended objects - 0.05 ... 0.50.

In this case, the more 9 specific details the object has and the finer they are, the denser the filling density of the coating should be greater, and the filling elements are smaller. To ensure the concealment of objects under masks from vegetation with coarse-grained filling, the filling density of coatings can be reduced to 55 ... 60%. The effect of hiding with such masks is achieved by distorting the contours of objects.

The distortion of the contours (2) of object 9 reduces the likelihood of its detection and recognition, helps to hide or mistake it for something else - a local object or object that is less important for enemy reconnaissance than a masked object.

Depending on the features of the camouflaged object and the conditions of reconnaissance, in some cases masking tasks can be solved by just giving a masking shape, in other cases, giving a masking shape can only help to hide it through other methods and means of masking.

The main ways to give masking forms to simple moving objects are:

reduction in the size of the object;

changing sizes and shapes typical for a given class of objects;

distortion of geometrically regular shapes of an object;

giving the object the form of a local subject;

the use of constructive solutions that reduce or eliminate the presence of optical unmasking features.

Reducing the size of most military moving objects is impossible. Changing the standard sizes and shapes of objects does not allow the enemy in exploration to use previously known, characteristic for objects of this class, unmasking signs, which reduces the likelihood of identifying objects.

Masked objects can be given signs of both natural and artificial local objects. So, in this case, the crowns of 6 groups of trees are of the greatest interest.

The distortion of the geometrically correct forms of the object is used when disguising it as the natural background of the area and in this case is the main one. Elements of the natural background - groups of trees and shrubs, glades, various types of relief - for the most part have asymmetric curvilinear outlines and shapes that present a sharp contrast with the geometrically regular shapes of moving objects. Due to the contrast in shape, all objects with geometrically correct outlines are especially easy to detect and recognize during optical reconnaissance, even in the case of very small contrasts with the surrounding background in brightness.

Distortion of geometrically correct forms of moving objects reduces the likelihood of their detection among natural formations and spots of the terrain, and in the case of detection makes it difficult to identify, since the distortion of the shape eliminates the main species-specific unmasking features of the object. The distortion of geometrically regular forms is achieved by giving the contours of objects of asymmetric curvilinear outlines (3), deformations of the surfaces (2) of object 9 and asymmetric vegetation.

To deform the contours, a large number of different options can be assumed, however, in all cases, it is necessary to be guided by the following basic requirements:

the protrusions 4 and depressions 5 formed during deformation should exclude straight lines and angles and be located asymmetrically;

protrusions 4 and depressions 5 must have dimensions that allow them to be distinguished in the proposed (calculated) conditions of exploration, since otherwise they will affect the recognition of the object 9;

the contour 3 of the mask (1) obtained as a result of deformation must be such that it cannot be inscribed in it or another geometrically correct contour cannot be described around it without violating the first two requirements.

With the exception of the geometrically correct shape of three-dimensional objects, the shadow-forming properties of surfaces are of great importance for obtaining a camouflage effect. Falling and own shadows can emphasize the deformation of the contours, and their own shadows, in addition, can significantly change the brightness distribution over the surfaces of the masked object.

In all cases, the distortion gives the greatest effect when the observed dimensions of the object are close to the threshold sizes of detection and recognition.

In those cases when the observed dimensions are much higher than the threshold, shape distortion in itself begins to acquire increasing significance, and the similarity of the masked object with spots of terrain and local objects, achieved as a result of distortion of regular geometric shapes.

To judge the influence of the degree of deformation on the probability of recognition of objects of geometrically regular shape when decrypting photographic images, you can according to the graph constructed according to the results of experimental studies (see Fig. 22) / 7 /.

The degree of deformation here is quantitatively characterized by the ratio of the total area of the deforming protrusions to the area of the deformable object (rectangle). The curve shows that with an increase in the area of the deforming protrusions, the probability of recognition of the object decreases. However, there comes a moment when, with a further increase in the degree of deformation, a relatively smaller increment of the masking effect is obtained. Obviously, the degree of deformation corresponding to the point of change of the curve can be taken as optimal from the point of view of obtaining the maximum camouflage effect per unit of cost.

As cut vegetation can be used herbs, mosses, vines, branches and twigs of shrubs and trees of various species (see Fig.20 and 21) / 1, 2 and 6 /.

Under growing conditions in the ground, the grasses have a fleecy texture, and individual grass-stand plants in the mask are vertical or inclined. However, in the mask, the grass acquires a smooth texture that is different from the background, and therefore easily noticeable.

Hay and straw can be widely used as cut vegetation to be woven into a mask imitating local objects from dried grass or straw (haystacks, hives, roofs of buildings). In this case, having the same properties (both color and texture) with natural objects, they do not require replacement and can be used not only for a short time, but also for long periods. However, the use of straw, taking into account the effect of deformation on objects of the MLRS type, is limited due to the possible ignition of a masked object as a result of a volley.

Mosses as a camouflage material are favorably distinguished by a long shelf life of their color and slow withering: they can be used to weave into the base of coatings. However, being small in length, they require the use of networks with a small mesh (2.8 ... 4.0 cm). Mosses can be used to throw bare spots. Mosses are used for this, which are close in color to the background and growing in dry areas, as they are best preserved.

Fern can be widely used in cut form, which, like mosses, has the positive property of preserving its color even when it dries.

Due to long lashes, creepers can be used to weave into net masks and into masks imitating shrubs and tree crowns. In addition, vines can be used to increase the density (decrease transparency) of an artificial mask.

Branches and branches of bushes and trees are also widely used as camouflage material.

The service life of the cut vegetation is short. Cut branches of hardwood change color after a few days (from 1 to 5 days); seaweed, reeds, sedge and moss in cut form retain their color for up to 15 days, and in winter for more than a month. However, the spectrophotometric characteristics of the leaves change within a few hours after their harvesting (cutting).

According to the stability, the branches of coniferous trees can be arranged in the following order: stable - pine, thuja, fir; prone to rapid shedding of needles - larch and spruce. However, the branches of conifers are very different from deciduous trees in their color (whitish and bluish-green color), and their textural properties, due to the characteristic structure inherent in them, needles are different from deciduous. Therefore, the branches of conifers can be used only when the surrounding vegetation is coniferous. Otherwise, branches of deciduous trees should be used, despite their lesser stability.

The decay of the branches of deciduous trees goes in two directions:

the leaves coagulate and fall, making the total area of foliage on the surface decrease and the mask becomes more transparent;

the color of the foliage changes in the direction of browning and yellowing, as a result of which the mask becomes distinguishable from the background in color.

The main hardwoods according to the withering time can be distributed in the following order, from more stable to fast-fading: maple, birch, oak, elm, linden, mountain ash, bird cherry, spindle tree, elderberry, honeysuckle, elm, gray alder, acacia, hazel / 6 /.

Slowly withering breeds are usually used, taking into account, however, that all breeds after withering equally change their appearance and color. Birch, oak and euonymus retain their natural appearance after withering, alder and hazel, on the contrary, change it more.

To increase the effective use of cut branches, the following rules are followed:

the branches of the upper and middle parts of the tree fade 2 ... 4 times later than the lower;

large branches fade more slowly than small ones, so the use of branches less than 0.7 m should be avoided;

significantly increases the safety of branches cut with a piece of a female 20 ... 30 cm long (Fig. 23) / 6 /;

branches with young shoots fade faster and lose their color faster than branches with mature foliage;

aspen branches become brown in a day;

branches felled from trees at the edge of the forest and in dry places wilt slower than felled from trees growing in the depths of the forest or in wet places.

To prepare the branches and select the desired size of the branches during their installation, a template 16 can be used made of an elastic measuring tape 17, at one end of which (17) a handle 18 with a socket 19 is fixed, through which the free end of the tape 17 is passed through a curved loop (see Fig. .24). The application of the template 16 is as follows. With the left hand, the template 16 is held by the handle 18, and the right retracts or advances the tape through the socket 19 of the handle 18. Holding the loop of the template 16 on the measured branch and controlling the size on a scale of 20, a decision is made on the suitability of the branch (see Fig. 25).

Humidity, lack of wind and shade have a beneficial effect on the duration of conservation of cut vegetation.

Wrapping the cut part of the bitch (on the cut branch) with moss or rags and then moistening them (watering) also lengthens the freshness of such a branch, and just before wrapping with moss (rags) the slices need to be updated, since the mucus that appears when the air is on the slices clogs them and stops the absorption of moisture (water), while the cut should be done with a knife or an ax, avoiding splitting, and in no case use breaking.

If it is necessary to transport branches over long distances, laying should be done without compression, wrapping the butt parts in moss, grass, rags and periodically spraying them with water.

Branches should be stored before use in the shade, in cold and humid places.

Cut branches of deciduous plants can be treated with a solution containing silver nitric acid, glycerin, formalin, vitriol, brilliant green and distilled water. The solution for processing cut branches of conifers, in addition, contains coniferous extract. The composition and content of solutions for various cut plants are presented in table 5.

The solution is prepared by simply mixing the components. Canned cut plants are kept in solution for 7 ... 2 days at a temperature of 18 ... 20 ° C. If necessary, the solution is heated to better absorb the solution with cut plants.

After preservation, the cut vegetation is covered with latex. Latexes such as a styrene-butadiene copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, and linseed oil are suitable for this purpose. The microscopic film formed in this case protects the cut plants from the influence of the external environment and preserves the color that the branches had in live form for 2 years. Plants do not drop needles and leaves, are elastic and have the appearance and properties of living plants.

To use vegetation for 6 ... 7 days, a solution (see Table 5) is prepared by simple mixing of the components. Canned cut plants are kept in solution for 20 ... 24 hours at a temperature of 18 ... 20 ° C. When preparing a preservative to a temperature of 35 ... 45 ° C, the processing time can be reduced to 14 ... 16 hours.

To mask moving objects, artificial vegetation produced by the industry for decorative and design purposes, tested for compliance with its characteristics with spectrophotometric characteristics of living vegetation and recommended for use, can be used. To mask moving objects, it is allowed to approve (regulate) artificial vegetation, the spectrophotometric characteristics of which do not go beyond the recommended zones by more than 10%.

Devices for implementing the method of masking moving objects with cut, including preserved, and / or artificial vegetation include clamps 21, a network 12, and / or a camouflage coating (distribution base) 10, mounted on the surface of the masked object 9 and / or its elements, on tent (cover), in addition, and / or loops, and / or pockets made on the tent (cover) of the movable object 9 (its weapons; not shown). Clips 21 can be fixed directly to the surface of a movable object 9 or to its awning (cover) 22. Moreover, the clips can be equipped with a rigid lining or base 23. Moreover, the clips 21, equipped with a base 23, are recommended to be made in two versions for fixing vegetation on horizontal and vertical surfaces (see FIGS. 26 and 27).

The bases 23 of the clamps 21 are mounted on the surface of the masked object 9 mainly by means of glue and less often with the use of bolts (rivets, screws, etc. 24; see Fig. 28).

The network 12 and / or the camouflage coating 10 (distribution base) is stretched over the elements of the masked object 9 and fixed by means of blind 13 or quick-opening 14 seams, overlays, hooks, buttons, etc. (see Fig. 15 ... 19).

The device for attaching cut vegetation on the horizontal surface of the masked object 9 contains a base 23 and two clamps 21 (see Fig. 26). The base 23 of the assembly can be made of polyethylene or plastic and has an isosceles triangle in cross section (end view), having an angle of about 45 ... 65 ° at the base. Clamps 21 made of elastic steel are made on the lateral surfaces of the base.

The device for attaching cut vegetation on the vertical surface of the masked object 9 comprises a base 23 and one clamp 21 (see Fig. 27). The base 23 of the assembly can be made of polyethylene or plastic and has a rectangle or trapezoid (not shown) in cross section (end view).

On the front side of the assembly, there is a clamp 21 made in the socket 25 of the base 23, and a guide groove 26 is also made (see Figs. 28 and 29).

Vegetation fastening devices are located on a movable object 9 in factory or military conditions according to previously developed schemes. Moreover, the clamps 21 are arranged in a checkerboard pattern and / or in rows at distances of 300 ... 600 mm from each other vertically and horizontally.

For a specific type and type of moving objects, it is proposed to create sets of devices, including and / or clamps 21, and / or a network 12, and / or a camouflage coating 10, as well as a set of auxiliary materials and devices (glue, ampoules or containers with a preservative, plastic bags with cotton wool under the preservative, measuring container for the distribution of bulk preservative, spare parts set).

Harvesting, placement and installation of vegetation are as follows.

Vegetation setup schemes are selected. Cut, including preserved, and / or artificial vegetation is installed on the masked object uniformly or asymmetrically according to one of the claimed masking methods in accordance with the selected scheme.

At the same time, one should not repeat the placement, the size of the applied vegetation and the formation of unmasking elements (spots) from it "according to the command vehicle" - the principle of "Do as mine!" disguised as harmful.

A decision is made on the number of branches 7 installed under each clip 21 of the vegetation attachment devices or woven into one place in the network 12 (distribution base of the coating 10) depending on the required density of filling the masked area of the object 9 with foliage (see Tables 2, 3 and 4) .

The branches 7 installed in one clamp 21 are connected at the cut and above the cut at a distance of 50 ... 70 mm.

A preservative, when used, or an improvised substance that increases the effective use of cut vegetation, is poured or placed in a plastic bag 27, fixed on a section of a branch (branches). In this case, the slices of branches 7 are updated.

A branch 7 or a bundle of branches 7 is installed in the clamp 21 above the lower and lower upper bundles. In this case, it is sufficient to introduce from one to three branches of one bundle into the clamp 21. The rest are held at the expense of ligaments.

A branch 7 or a bundle of branches 7 is installed on the grid 12 by weaving slices under two horizontal threads, and the branch cut is located on the third horizontal thread of the grid (see Fig. 20 and 21).

When installing cut vegetation on a moving object, the preservative is used by wetting cotton wool (rags) and securing the branches (bunch of branches) 7 through the plastic bag 27 (see FIGS. 26 and 27).

The solution is prepared by simply mixing the ingredients according to the recipe shown in table.5. In addition, a solution of potassium peroxide and boric acid can be used in a ratio of 40 ... 9.99% and 60 ... 0.01% of the mass, respectively.

For preservation of one branch 7 with a size of 0.6 ... 1.0 m, from 0.12 to 0.2 ml of solution is used.

The solution is introduced into a plastic bag 27 with cotton wool (rags) by means of a measuring container 28 (dispenser; see Fig. 30) or by splashing out the contents of the weighing (for example, an ampoule).

To increase the period of effective use of cut vegetation when installing it on a movable object 9, a cut of a branch 7 (bundle of branches) is wrapped with moss or rag, followed by watering and / or fixing the plastic bag 27 included in the product set. In this case, it is necessary to update the slice, since the mucus that appears in the air clogs them and stops the absorption of moisture (water, preservative). Moreover, the cut should be cut with a knife or an ax, avoiding splitting, and in no case using breaking.

A device for implementing the method, made in the form of a clip (s) 21 on the base, operates as follows.

The branch 7 with a lateral surface above the cut level moves along the lateral part of the device under the clamp 21 and is located in the guide groove 26 (see Fig. 29).

A bag 27 with a preservative is worn on the branch 7 during the harvesting period of the vegetation or before installation in the clamp, on the updated cut.

When there are visible differences of the cut branches relative to the living branch is removed from under the clamp 21 in any order. Bag 26 for the preservative (when used) is removed from the branch and after processing can be used subsequently for its intended purpose.

Using the proposed method for masking moving objects with cut, including preserved, and / or artificial vegetation, it is possible to sharply increase the effectiveness of masking with artificial masks in the visible, infrared, and radar wavelength ranges. Moreover, the use of special artificial vegetation will sharply increase the masking effect in the infrared and radar ranges of electromagnetic waves and eliminate the need for frequent updating of branches. The use of canned vegetation or a preservative when installing cut vegetation on an object increases the effective use of an artificial mask without updating it, especially at high ambient temperatures. Thus, the reliability of masking moving objects with vegetation is increased by reducing the likelihood of recognition of a masked object due to the recommended placement of cut, including preserved, and / or artificial vegetation on it, as well as by increasing the operational characteristics of the device by simplifying the design solution while increasing its reliability, from which it follows that the task of the invention is solved.

Information sources

1. Manual on military camouflage. Part II The technique of camouflage and camouflage of military objects. - M .: Military. ed. USSR Ministry of Defense, 1956. - S.34, 38, 39, 44, 48.

2. The same, p.204.

3. Kiselev I.F., Yasin E.Z. Military camouflage. Part II Masking technique. - M.: Publishing. VIA, 1957. - S.215 and 216.

4. The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Encyclopedia. - / Ch. ed. M.M.Kozlov, editorial board: Yu.Ya. Barabash, P.P. Zhilin (deputy chief editor), V.I. Kanatov (responsible secretary), etc. - M .: Sov. Encyclopedia, 1985. - 832 pp.: Photo: "Belgorod. Soviet troops enter the liberated city. Summer 1943", p.81 and Photo: "Self-propelled artillery force forces the river Drissa. Belarus. 1944", p.85.

5. A device for masking moving objects. Description of the invention to copyright certificate No. 828804 of 10.27.99. Bull. No. 30 by application No. 2868853/23 of 01/14/80

6. Bobrov V.K. Vegetable camouflage. - M.: VIA, 1941 .-- 236 p.

7. Efimov V.A., Kolchevsky V.E., Chermashentsev S.G. Disguise. Part I. Basics and masking technique. Textbook. - M.: VIA, 1971. - 348 p.

Table 1
Specification of drawings Position number Item Name one 2 one visible projection area with deforming protrusions formed by cut vegetation 2 visible projection area of a moving object 3 curved edge four protrusion 5 cavity shape 6 crown 7 separate vegetation branches 8 separate volume of vegetation 9 camouflage object 10 camouflage coating eleven lining 12 network for attaching vegetation 13 blind seam fourteen quick-seam fifteen wireframe (network edge) 16 template for harvesting branches 17 elastic measuring tape eighteen template handle 16 19 nest twenty tape scale 21 clamp 22 awning (cover) 23 base 24 bolt (rivet, self-tapping screw, etc.) 25 clamp socket 26 guide groove 27 sealed bag for preservative 28 measuring container for the distribution of bulk preservative 29th cover fastening elements 10 (hooks) thirty heat insulating material

table 2
Formulation of solutions for preservation of coniferous and deciduous species of cut vegetation Name of ingredient in solution The ratio of the components of the solution, weight. hours The content of the ingredient solutions for hardwood conifers branches 30 ... 200 cm long, weight. hours grass, moss, etc., weight. hours tree branches aged 1 ... 10 years, weight. hours tree branches aged 11 ... 30 years, weight. hours Silver nitrate 0.05 ... 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.05 0,07 Glycerol 20 ... 45 30,0 20,0 40,0 43.0 Formalin 0,1 ... 0,5 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.3 inkstone 0,1 ... 0,5 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 Brilliant green 0.2 ... 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 Coniferous extract 0.3 ... 0.5 - - 0.3 0.4 Distilled water rest rest rest rest rest

Table 3
The ratio of transparency and weight parameters of various textured standards with plant material Name of invoiced standards Transparency Mesh with mesh 10 × 10 cm 89 Same with 100 g oat straw 45 The same with 200 g of oat straw 34 Same with 250 g oat straw 25 The same with 250 g of oak branches thirty The same with 250 g of birch branches 41 ... 64 Same with 250 g of aspen branches 44 ... 48 Same with 250 g linden branches 42 ... 50 The same with 250 g of branches 40 ... 43 Table 4
The ratio of transparency, the number of branches and their weight of various textured standards with plant material Name of invoiced standards Transparency Mesh with mesh 10 × 10 cm with one branch of oak weighing 42 g 83 The same with two branches of oak weighing 87 g 71 The same, with three branches of oak weighing 129 g 49 The same with four oak branches weighing 160 g 41 The same with five branches of oak weighing 202 g 36 The same, with one branch of linden weighing 49 g 87 The same with two branches of linden weighing 91 g 82 The same with three branches of linden weighing 134 g 70 The same with four branches of linden weighing 176 g 60 The same, with five branches of linden weighing 240 g 55

Table 5
The approximate distribution of masking material in the areas of transparency for a network of 10 × 10 m in size when weaving branches with a log Type of branches Zones of transparency,% Area of the zone, m ² Weight of masking material per 1 m ² , kg The weight of the masking material in the zone, kg Total weight kg Weight average 1 m ² Deciduous 25 ... 30 16 0.4 6.4 fifty twenty 0.3 6.0 70 ... 75 28 0.2 5,6 21.6 0.216 85 ... 90 36 0.1 3.6 Conifers 25 ... 30 16 0.8 12.8 fifty twenty 0.6 12.0 43,2 0.432 70 ... 75 28 0.4 11.2 85 ... 90 36 0.2 7.2

Claims (24)

1. A method for masking movable objects of cut, preserved, and / or artificial vegetation, including fixing a camouflage coating of vegetation on a movable object in the form of a shaped mask, characterized in that the vegetation is distributed evenly, while its distribution density, expressed as the ratio of areas T the sum of the projections of foliage and branches on a flat surface to the sum of the projections of the gaps in the volume of vegetation, is selected within the range of T≥30 ÷ 80% or by expression

where V is the visibility (threshold); K - contrast (unit); ε is the threshold contrast (unit), and the ratio of the areas D of the sum of the projections of the vegetation that extends beyond the contour of the object onto the plane to the projection of the area of this object on the same plane is chosen within 0 <D≤0.5, and large values of T and D are selected, limited by the permissible carrying capacity P _{g. P.} movable object ΔР _p ≤Р _g.p. where ΔР _p - the weight of the camouflage coating from the vegetation. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the uniformly distributed vegetation of the camouflage coating is grouped in areas with different contrasts K relative to each other, and the contrast is selected to K≥0.4 for all calculation methods of exploration, while the size l _{min of the} element or groups of vegetation elements of one parameter, in particular color, are performed from the condition of it or their detection in the design conditions of exploration and plausible in the maximum l _max for the reproducible category of spots of the terrain and characteristic for the environment shrinking background, while the estimated sizes l _min and l _max are the smallest of the obtained for various means and methods of exploration, and the plots or groups of plots of vegetation of one parameter, in particular color, are elongated in a curved shape with different outlines of protrusions and depressions, and the direction of the axes of the elongated sections or groups of sections of the vegetation of the camouflage coating is positioned at an angle of 30 ÷ 60 ° to the contour of the moving object, and the vegetation is selected either in two colors of about 75 and 25%, or in two colors 25% and the third about 50%. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that hemp, and / or fiberglass, and / or linen, and / or carbon fiber, and / or another known network, previously stretched to the surface of nodes, assemblies, is used to fix the vegetation elements of a moving object and containing blind and / or rapidly opening seams connecting the frame and the edges of the network with each other and / or with known attachment points made on a moving object, while sections of vegetation are woven into the network using at least one thread. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mask elements protruding beyond the masked object are performed with a density of T≅75 ÷ 80% to ensure reliable deformation of the contours of the moving object. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cut part of the branch is wrapped with moss and / or rag or cotton wool, followed by periodic moistening, and then wrapped in polyethylene or placed in a bag made of sealed material. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the rags or cotton wool in the bag is impregnated with a preservative containing, in particular, nitric acid silver, glycerin, formalin, iron sulfate, diamond greens and distilled water for hardwood, and also coniferous extract for conifers or a solution of potassium peroxide and boric acid in a ratio of 40 ÷ 99.9% and 60 ÷ 0.01 wt.%, respectively. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cut branches of deciduous plants are treated with a solution containing nitric acid silver, glycerin, formalin, iron sulfate, brilliant green and distilled water in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%: Nitric Acid Silver 0.05-0.1 Glycerol 20-45 Formalin 0.1-0.5 inkstone 0.1-0.5 Brilliant green 0.1-0.4 Distilled water Rest and for conifers, coniferous extract is additionally used in a ratio of 0.3-0.4 wt.%. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the devices for attaching vegetation, made in particular in the form of clamps, are installed on the object mainly in a checkerboard pattern and / or in rows, in particular, at a distance of 300-600 mm from each other vertically and horizontally, with branches at least 600-1500 mm high and 300-600 mm across, filled with foliage, being chosen for masking. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that painted or unpainted water-air or hardening polymer foam, including one containing special hydrophobic inclusions, is applied to the surface of a moving object, including over a camouflage coating of vegetation. 10. A method for masking moving objects with cut, preserved and / or artificial vegetation, including fixing a camouflage coating of vegetation on a moving object in the form of a shaped mask, characterized in that the vegetation is fixed asymmetrically over individual elements of the moving object according to a previously developed scheme, while the area ratio T is the sum of the projections of the foliage and branches on a flat surface P _s to the projection of the gaps in the volume of vegetation P ₀ installed above the elements of the volume kta, choose within T = (P _s / P ₀ ) · 100% ≥75-80%, and the ratio of the areas of the sum of the projections of the vegetation that extends beyond the contour of the object to the plane S _in to the projection of this object on the same plane S _n are selected in the range 0 <D = S _in / S _n ≤0.5, and when choosing a vegetation fixing scheme taking into account the first and second expressions, large values of T and D are selected, while developing a vegetation fixing scheme, the size l _{min of an} element or group vegetation elements installed above an element of an object are selected from the condition of its detection in p the estimated reconnaissance conditions and the maximum likelihood l _max for the reproducible category of spots of terrain and characteristic of the surrounding background, and the smallest for various reconnaissance tools and methods is taken as the estimated size l _min . 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the ratio In the size of the diameter of the volume of vegetation or its component to the size of the diameter of the movable object is selected in the range of 0.05≤B≤0.25, and this size, taking into account all other restrictions, is chosen smaller . 12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the individual volumes of vegetation installed above the individual elements of the object perform an elongated curved shape with different outlines of protrusions and depressions, and the direction of the axes of the elongated volumes of vegetation is at an angle of 30-60 ° to the contour a moving object, while the total area of the object covered by the vegetation is chosen equal to 25% or 75%, or 25% and 50% in areas with different colors, and the contrast between the vegetation and the surface of the object or between sections of the plant NOSTA with different colors between itself and the object surface K≥0,4 selected for all facilities and intelligence methods. 13. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that hemp, and / or fiberglass, and / or linen, and / or carbon fiber, and / or another known network, previously stretched to the surface of nodes, assemblies, is used to fix the vegetation elements of a moving object and containing blind and / or rapidly opening seams connecting the frame and the edges of the network with each other and / or with known attachment points made on a moving object, while sections of vegetation are woven into the network using at least one thread. 14. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that a painted or unpainted water-air or hardening polymer foam, including one containing special hydrophobic inclusions, is applied to the surface of a moving object, including over a camouflage coating. 15. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the mask elements protruding beyond the masked object are performed with a density of T≅75-80% to ensure reliable deformation of the contours of the moving object. 16. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the cut part of the branch is wrapped with moss and / or rags or cotton wool with subsequent periodic moistening, and then wrapped with polyethylene or placed in a bag made of sealed material, in particular containing a preservative solution. 17. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the devices for attaching vegetation, made in particular in the form of clamps, are installed on the object mainly in a checkerboard pattern and / or in rows, in particular at a distance of 300-600 mm from each other vertically and horizontally, with branches at least 600-1500 mm high and 300-600 mm across, filled with foliage, being chosen for masking. 18. A method for masking movable objects with cut, preserved and / or artificial vegetation, including fixing a camouflage coating from vegetation on a moving object in the form of a shaped mask, characterized in that the components or parts of the camouflage coating containing a mesh base and fleecy and / or tape, and / or patchwork inclusions, including those with free parts freely swaying in the wind, and electromagnet effective in the visible and / or infrared and / or radar ranges total waves, pull on the nodes, aggregates and elements of the moving object by means of overlays and / or frames, and / or plates, and / or other well-known attachment points, such as hooks, protrusions, clamps, while geometrically correct shapes of nodes, aggregates and elements of the rolling of an object covered with elements or parts of a camouflage coating is changed by linings with a variable or unchanged shape and outline of the protrusions and depressions and the object as a whole, and the ratio of the areas D of the sum of the projections of the elements and parts of the camouflage coating protruding and the limits of the contour of the object, on the plane, to the projection of the area of this object on the same plane, are selected within 0 <D≤0.5, and this ratio, taking into account all other restrictions, is chosen the greatest. 19. The method according to p. 18, characterized in that a heat-reflecting and / or heat-absorbing material is placed under the camouflage coating, covering the entire area of the moving object or its most heated or most informative areas, to ensure radiation distortion and thereby distort the recognizable image. 20. The method according to p. 18, characterized in that cut and / or artificial vegetation is additionally fixed on the camouflage coating, and loops or hooks are additionally performed on the coating to fix the vegetation, or its distribution base is used. 21. The method according to p. 18, characterized in that on the surface of a moving object, including over a camouflage coating, painted or unpainted water-air or hardening polymer foam, including containing hydrophobic inclusions, is applied. 22. A device for masking moving objects, containing a camouflage coating with cut, preserved and / or artificial vegetation, characterized in that it is provided with clips for attaching vegetation and at least one base made of plastic, and the base has a sole corresponding to the surface of the object in the place of its attachment, and is configured to mount on horizontal and vertical surfaces of the object, and the clamps are fixed on the peripheral parts of the base. 23. The device according to item 22, wherein the clamp is equipped with a plastic, in particular polyethylene flat or convex base for mounting vegetation on horizontal and vertical surfaces of the object, respectively, and the base has a flat or curved sole corresponding to the surface of the object at the place of mounting the base. 24. The device according to item 23, wherein the base is convex and has a cross section in the form of an isosceles triangle with an angle at the base of 30-70 °, while the clamps are located on each face of the triangular base.

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