RU2495357C2 - Method of masking mobile objects with artificial vegetation, apparatus for artificial branches and apparatus for attaching branches to mobile object for implementing said method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: method of masking mobile objects with artificial vegetation involves distributing and attaching artificial branches using a net or clamps mounted on the object, wherein the ratio of the area D of the sum of projections of the vegetation protruding beyond the outline of the object on a plane to the projection of the area of that object on the area is selected maximally possible in the range 0<D≤0.5 and the weight of the vegetation P_v, used for masking is limited by the allowable margin of load bearing capacity P_b, of the mobile object P_v≤P_b. The ratio of the area T of the sum of the projection of leaves and/or branches of coniferous trees lying on the object on the an even surface to the sum of projections of openings in the volume of vegetation is selected close to or equal to T≤100%. The leaves in the volume of the mask, formed by artificial vegetation, is distributed in at least 2-3 volume-distributed layers, each forming said T≤100% projection, and elements of the mask of vegetation protruding beyond the mobile object are made curvilinear with density of at least T≥75…80%, which provides reliable deformation of contours of the mobile object. The composition of elastic or elastic element-containing frame of the material from which elements of the artificial vegetation are made includes and/or the back side of the leaves of said vegetation is coated with radar-absorbent and/or radar-scattering or radar-reflecting additive in form of a film, metal-coated of graphite sputtering, woven or non-woven, or chopped fibres, including with a different length of cutting the fibres.

EFFECT: high reliability of implementation and efficiency of the method of masking mobile objects with artificial vegetation by reducing the probability of recognition of the masked object owing to recommended arrangement of vegetation thereon, as well as owing to high making effect of the artificial vegetation and high making effect of the artificial vegetation in radar and infrared wavelength ranges.

13 cl, 6 ex, 20 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of camouflage, and more particularly to methods of hiding moving objects in the visible, infrared and radar ranges of electromagnetic wavelengths with artificial vegetation, made in the form of branches attached to these objects.

Of the many films, video and photo documents / 1 / of the period of the Great Patriotic War and the present, as well as the results of the exercises, there is a known method for masking moving objects with cut vegetation, chosen as an analogue of the proposed method, which consists in placing and securing cut branches on a moving object.

An analysis of movies, photo documents and the results of exercises shows the unconditional effectiveness of fixing cut vegetation on moving objects, however, achieving the desired effect is random and in most cases cannot be considered satisfactory. This is due to the lack of the possibility of securing a sufficient amount of cut vegetation on a moving object, providing the necessary masking effect not only in the visible, but also in the radar wavelength ranges.

In addition, the use of cut vegetation to mask moving objects is limited by the rapid withering of this vegetation, which can be decrypted in an hour against the background of living vegetation.

A known method of masking moving objects of cut vegetation / 2 /, including preserved, and / or artificial vegetation, selected as a prototype of the claimed invention is to fix the vegetation on a moving object:

according to the first option, the vegetation is distributed evenly in it, while the ratio of the area T of the projection of the foliage and branches onto an equal surface to the sum of the projection of the gaps in the vegetation volume is selected within the range of T≥30 ... 80% or more precisely by the expression:

$$T\ge \frac{-\mathrm{one}+\sqrt{\mathrm{one}+\mathrm{four}\left(V-\mathrm{one}\right)}}{2\left(V-\mathrm{one}\right)}=\frac{-\mathrm{one}+\sqrt{\mathrm{one}+\mathrm{four}\left(K/\epsilon -\mathrm{one}\right)}}{2\left(K/\epsilon -\mathrm{one}\right)}$$

where V is the visibility in the rapids;

- контраст элементов подвижного объекта или всего объекта к подстилающей поверхности (грунту, траве и т.д.); $$K=\frac{r_p-r_o}{r_p}$$

- the contrast of the elements of the moving object or the entire object to the underlying surface (soil, grass, etc.);

r _p is the brightness coefficient of an element of an object or object, units;

r _o is the brightness coefficient of the background (object) or underlying surface (soil, etc.), units;

s - threshold of contrast sensitivity of the sensor, units

In this case, the ratio of the areas D of the sum of the projections of the vegetation that extends beyond the boundaries of the object’s contour onto the plane to the projection of the area of this object onto the same plane is selected within 0 <D≤0.5, both in the first expression and in the second, a larger value is selected T and D, which may be limited by the permissible carrying capacity P _{gr of a} moving object ΔP _p ≤P _gr , where ΔP _p is the weight of the vegetation used to mask moving objects;

according to the second option, in it the vegetation is fixed asymmetrically over the individual elements of the moving object according to a previously developed scheme, while the ratio of the areas T of the sum of the projections of the foliage and branches onto the flat surface P _s to the projection of the gaps in the volume of vegetation P _about installed above the elements of the object is within T = (P _s / P _o) x 100% ≥75 ... 80% and the area ratio of the amount of vegetation projection projecting beyond the contour of the object, on the s plane _PB, to the projection of the object on the same plane s ₀ is selected in the pre- ah 0 <D = S _{P B} / S ₀ ≤0,5, wherein when selecting vegetation fixing circuit with the first and second expressions tend to large values of T and D. In addition, the development of vegetation fixing circuit size l _min vegetation volume set above the element of the object, it is selected from the condition of it or their detection under the design conditions of exploration and a maximum likelihood of maximum l _max for the reproducible category of spots of terrain and characteristic of the surrounding background, moreover, when developing a scheme for fixing vegetation on the object as At the estimated size l _min , the smallest for various means and methods of reconnaissance is accepted.

The disadvantage of this method of masking moving objects, selected as a prototype of the claimed invention, lies primarily in the fact that the invention is aimed at providing a masking effect in the visible wavelength range, which follows from the expressions providing the calculation of the density of foliage in the mask in the presence of transparency created by the cut and / or artificial branches. The masking effect in the infrared and radar wavelength ranges, which depends on the density of the mask filling the vegetation and the nature of the material the mask is made of, is practically not taken into account and is only declared.

A device for masking moving objects containing a frame with artificial vegetation, mounted on a moving object / 3 /. The frame in it is made of strips of fabric interconnected with a certain pitch, on which elements of artificial vegetation are fixed, made in the form of spring-loaded rods pivotally mounted on the base of the frame and located along its longitudinal axis with hinge springs on which the film is fixed in the form of leaves, imitating vegetation. The tops of the rods are provided with separate cords, the ends of which are attached to a common cord located along the frame.

The disadvantage of a device for masking moving objects, selected as an analogue of a device for implementing a method for masking moving objects with artificial vegetation, is the lack of specific recommendations (instructions) for providing a masking effect in the radar and infrared wavelengths.

Known artificial vegetation produced by industry for decorative purposes installed on the object by means of clamps mounted on a movable object in the recommended order / 2 /.

The disadvantage of artificial vegetation produced by industry for decorative purposes and selected as a prototype of the claimed device for implementing the method of masking moving objects with artificial vegetation is its conditional (if spectrophotometric characteristics are consistent) application efficiency for hiding in the visible wavelength range. In the radar and most of the infrared wavelengths, the use of decorative artificial vegetation is ineffective.

The objective of the invention is to increase the reliable implementation and effectiveness of the method of masking moving objects with artificial vegetation by reducing the likelihood of recognizing a masked object due to the recommended placement of vegetation on it, as well as by increasing the masking effect (characteristics) of artificial vegetation in the radar and infrared wavelength ranges.

The problem is achieved by the fact that in the method of masking artificial objects of artificial vegetation, which consists in the uniform distribution and fixing of artificial branches by means of a grid or clamps attached to the object, the ratio of the areas D of the sum of the projections of the vegetation protruding beyond the contour of the object onto the plane to the projection area of the object on the same area selected maximum possible within 0 <D≤0,5 vegetation and weight _{P p,} used to mask the limited admissible s cross-duty P _c, the mobile object _{P p} ≤P _c:

firstly, in it the ratio of the areas T of the projection of the foliage and / or branches of conifers to a flat surface to the sum of the projections of the gaps in the vegetation volume is chosen to be close to or equal to T = 100%, while the foliage in the layer of the mask formed by artificial vegetation is distributed no less than in a 2-3 volume-distributed layer, each of which forms a named close or equal to 100% projection, and the mask elements from the vegetation that extend beyond the boundaries of the moving object are performed curvilinearly with a density T≥ (75 ... 80)%, ensuring which reliably deforms the contours of a moving object, moreover, radio-absorbing and / or radio-scattering or radio-reflecting additives in the form of a film, metallized or graphite spraying are applied to the elastic or material containing elastic elements of which artificial vegetation elements are made and / or woven or non-woven or stapled fibers, including those with different lengths of fiber cutting;

secondly, in it the fibers used as radio-scattering and radio-absorbing additives are made of carbon fiber material such as VPR - 19 sb, Uvis - Zh 22C, Uglen - 9, at least one of them, with a density of 3-18 g / m ² projections of volumetric-distributed foliage onto a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave;

thirdly, a foil or a terephthalate film with a metallized spraying or a metallized spraying applied to the leaves, with their subsequent coloring, if necessary, is used as radio-reflecting additives;

fourthly, hemp and / or fiberglass, and / or linen, and / or carbon-fiber, and / or other known networks pre-stretched onto the surface of nodes, aggregates and elements of a moving object and containing deaf and / or quick-expanding seams connecting the frame - the edges of the network with each other and / or with known fasteners made on a moving object, while sections of artificial vegetation branches are woven into the network using at least one thread;

fifthly, in it, devices for attaching vegetation from artificial branches, made in particular in the form of clamps, are installed on the object, mainly in a checkerboard pattern and / or in rows, in particular, at a distance of 200 ... 500 mm from each other vertically and horizontally, while artificial branches of less than 400 ... 1500 mm high and 300 ... 600 mm in diameter, filled with artificial foliage or needles, are selected.

The problem is also achieved by the fact that the device for implementing the method of masking moving objects with artificial vegetation, made in the form of branches of deciduous or coniferous trees:

firstly, the material from which the elastic elements of the branches are made, contains or on the back of the leaves are absorbed and / or radio-scattering or radio-reflecting additives in the form of a film, metallized or graphite spraying, woven or non-woven or staple fibers, in particular with different lengths cuts;

secondly, woven or non-woven or staple fibers are distributed layer by layer with dielectric filling between the layers;

thirdly, the branch contains an elastic frame, on which camouflage material of the “Vors” type is fixed.

Comparison of the claimed technical solutions with the prototype made it possible to establish compliance with their criterion of "novelty." When studying other well-known technical solutions in this technical field, the features that distinguish the claimed invention from the prototype were not identified, and therefore they provide the claimed technical solution with the criterion of "significant differences".

Compared analysis with the prototype allows us to conclude that the inventive method of masking moving objects of artificial vegetation is different from the known:

firstly, in it: 1) the ratio of the area T of the projection of the foliage and / or branches of conifers to a flat surface to the sum of the projections of the gaps in the vegetation volume is chosen to be close to or equal to T = 100%; 2) the foliage in the layer of the mask formed by artificial vegetation is distributed in at least 2-3 volume-distributed layers; 3) each body-distributed layer forms a close or equal to 100% projection onto a flat surface, usually perpendicular to the direction of propagation of electromagnetic waves; 4) mask elements from the vegetation that extend beyond the boundaries of the moving object are performed curvilinearly with a density T≥ (75 ... 80)%, which reliably provides deformation of the contours of the moving object; 5) radio-absorbing and / or radio-scattering or radio-reflecting additives in the form of a film, metallized or graphite spraying, woven or non-woven are introduced into the elastic or material containing elastic elements of which the elements of artificial vegetation are made, and / or or stapled fibers, including those with different lengths of fiber cutting;

secondly, in it: 1) the fibers used as radio-scattering and radio-absorbing additives are made of carbon fiber material such as VPR - 19 sb, Uvis - Zh 22C, Uglen - 9 of at least one of them; 2) the fiber density is 3-18 g / m ² in the projection of the space-distributed foliage on a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave;

thirdly, foil or a terephthalate film with a metallized spraying or a metallized spraying applied to the leaves with their subsequent color if necessary is used as radio-reflecting additives;

fourthly, in it: 1) hemp and / or fiberglass, and / or linen, and / or carbon-fiber, and / or another known network is used to fix the vegetation; 2) the network is then pre-tensioned on the surface of the nodes, assemblies and elements of the moving object and containing blind and / or quick-dissolving seams connecting the frame - the edges of the network to each other and / or with known fasteners made on the moving object; 3) sections of artificial vegetation branches are woven into the network using at least one thread;

fifthly, in it: 1) devices for attaching vegetation from artificial branches, made in the form of clamps; 2) fasteners are installed at the facility, mainly in a checkerboard pattern and / or in rows; 3) mounting devices are installed at a distance of 200 ... 500 mm from each other vertically and horizontally; 4) artificial branches are selected with a size of at least 400 ... 1500 mm high and 300 ... 600 mm in diameter, filled with artificial foliage or needles.

Comparative analysis with the prototype allows us to conclude that the inventive device for implementing the method of masking moving objects with artificial vegetation, made in the form of branches of deciduous or coniferous trees:

firstly, the material from which the elastic elements of the branches are made, contains or on the back side of the leaves are applied radar absorbing and / or radar scattering or radar reflecting additives in the form of a film, metallized or graphite spraying, woven or non-woven or staple fibers, in particular with different lengths of cut ;

secondly, woven or non-woven or staple fibers are distributed layer by layer with dielectric filling between the layers;

thirdly, the branch contains an elastic frame, on which camouflage material of the “Vors” type is fixed.

The implementation of the claimed methods and a device for its implementation is illustrated by the drawings, which show:

figure 1 is a variant of camouflage of a moving object with a uniform distribution of attachment devices of branches - clamps or the use of a grid for attaching vegetation of the same color (side view: the filling density of the mask of vegetation is selected T≤100% in order to highlight the contour of the tank);

figure 2 is the same (top view);

figure 3 is an example of mounting artificial branches in the grid;

figure 4 - diagram of the projection of vegetation S _RV , protruding beyond the projection of a moving object S ₀ on a plane perpendicular to the direction of sight;

figure 5 is a variant of camouflage of a moving object with a uniform distribution of devices for attaching branches-clamps or the use of a grid for attaching vegetation with a contrasting color relative to each other (side view: the filling density of the mask with vegetation is selected less than 100% in order to highlight the BTR contour);

figure 6 is the same (top view);

Fig.7 is a variant of camouflage of a moving object with artificial vegetation imitating the crowns of trees (bushes, side view);

Fig.8 is the same (top view);

figure 9 is a sample of an artificial branch, industrial production, with a graphite-containing fiber deposited on the back of the leaves;

figure 10 is a General view of samples of plates of polyethylene distributed between the layers of welded polyethylene graphite-containing fibers;

figure 11 is a measuring stand;

on Fig - an example of the formation of multilayer spraying;

on Fig - an embodiment of the clamp in the form of a tube, combined with the base (view from the side of the cut of the tube);

on Fig - the same, with a dissected lateral surface of the tube;

Fig.15 is the same (view - A);

on Fig - an embodiment of a group of clamps, combined for

providing imitation of tree crowns (bushes);

in Fig.17 - the same (option);

on Fig - an embodiment of a tube with at least one additional clip;

on Fig - a variant of the made clamps forming a tube;

in Fig.20 - the same (view - A).

The table shows the specification of the drawings and the symbols given in the text.

The inventive method for masking moving objects with artificial vegetation is implemented by the inventors by modeling on models of moving objects by prototyping artificial vegetation with cut vegetation on a real object, by prototyping artificial vegetation branches, as well as material providing the production of artificial branches effective in visible, infrared (IR) and radar (RL) ) electromagnetic wavelength ranges (EMW). The prototyping of the claimed technical solutions was carried out many times during the exercises, in training sessions, as well as during research in laboratory and field conditions.

Moreover, the most effective variants of them are formulated in the submitted application for an invention. The masking effectiveness of artificial vegetation and the effect achieved as a result of processing leaves and material for the manufacture of artificial vegetation branches were tested in laboratory and field conditions using recording equipment and reconnaissance equipment for the optical and radar wavelength ranges.

Examples of the method:

Example 1:

- artificial branches 1 of coniferous or deciduous trees are fixed on the movable object 2 by means of clamps 3 or mesh 4 pre-installed on this object 2 (see figures 1, 2 and 3). In this case, the following conditions are met: the ratio of the areas D of the sum of the projections of vegetation 5 (branches 1) Sp, extending beyond the contour of object 2, onto the plane to the projection S, of this object 2 onto the same plane, is selected as high as possible within 0 <D = S _in / S _p ≤0.5 (see FIG. 4);

Table Specification of drawings Designations, item number Name of designations, positions S _PB the sum of the projection of vegetation that extends beyond the boundaries of the object’s contour onto a plane perpendicular to the direction of sight S ₀ projection of the area of the object on the same plane P _Z the sum of the projection of foliage or material of coniferous tree branches onto a plane perpendicular to the direction of sight N _about the sum of the projection of the gaps between the foliage (material of coniferous branches) on the same plane D the ratio of the sum of the visible areas of the deforming elements (S _in ) to the visible area of the object (S _p ) T ratio determining the filling density of the mask with vegetation material P _p vegetation weight P _gr allowable load capacity of a moving object, such as a tank, which can be used to place camouflage means (vegetation branches and their mounts) l _min minimum size of a group or plot of vegetation l _max maximum size of a group or plot of vegetation TO contrast between groups and / or areas of vegetation one branches of coniferous and / or deciduous trees of artificial vegetation 2 moving object 3 clamp (branch fixing device) four grid 5 artificial vegetation (mask) 6 foliage branches 7 protrusions protruding beyond the movable object of the mask elements S 8 depressions of the mask elements protruding beyond the boundaries of the moving object 9 section of the mask from vegetation, the branches of which have a contrasting color to the branches of another section 10 protrusions of contrasting areas of the mask from the vegetation eleven hollows of contrasting areas of the mask from the vegetation 12 axis of elongated contrasting sections of the mask from the vegetation 13 groups of vegetation imitating the crowns of trees or bushes fourteen carbon fiber material (graphite fiber) fifteen polyethylene plates 16 measuring stand 17 reference eighteen branch pattern 19 clamp base twenty tube shell 21 clamp tube 22 cross-section of the side surface of the tube 23 longitudinal axis of the tube

- the weight P _{p of} artificial vegetation 5 used for camouflage is limited by the permissible carrying capacity margin ΔР _{gr of a} moving object P _p ≤ΔP _gr ;

- the ratio of the areas T of the sum of the projections P _{3 of the} foliage 6 and / or the material of the branches of conifers of trees located on the object 2, on a flat surface to the projection of the gaps P _about in the volume of vegetation 5, is chosen equal to or close to 100%, i.e. T = (P _Z / P _o ) · 100≤100% (see figure 2);

- foliage 6 in the volume of the mask 5, formed by branches of artificial vegetation 5, is distributed not less than 2-3 volume-distributed layer, each of which forms a named projection close to 100% (see figure 2), in particular, by arranging two branches on one line of sight;

- protruding beyond the boundaries of the moving object 2, the mask elements from the vegetation 5 are performed curvilinearly with a density T = (P _З / П _о ) · 100≥75 ... 80%, which provides reliable deformation of the contours of the moving object by the presence of protrusions 7 and depressions 8. Moreover, the composition elastic or containing elastic elements 7 of the frame of the material from which the elements (1 and 6) of artificial vegetation are made 1 are introduced onto the back of leaves 6 of this vegetation 1 are absorbed and / or radically dispersed additives in the form of a film, metallized silt deposition of graphite, woven or non-woven, or chopped fibers, including fibers of different cutting length (see FIG. 4, 5 and 6).

Example 2. Masking of a moving object 2 is carried out in full accordance with example 1. At the same time, the artificial vegetation 5 in the mask is grouped into sections 9 with different textured, in particular leafy or coniferous, and tonal shades of color. Contrast relative to each other (see figure 5 and 6). Moreover, the contrast K is selected at least K≥4 with respect to at least one of the known calculation methods of reconnaissance, in particular visual observation. In addition, l _{min of} site 9 or a group of sites 9 of vegetation 5 of one parameter, in particular color, is performed from the conditions of it or their detection under the design conditions of reconnaissance and a maximum likelihood of maximum l _max for reproducible background of the area, in particular spots characteristic of this area. As the estimated dimensions l _min and l _{max is} taken the smallest of the obtained calculations for various means and methods of exploration. Moreover, sections 9 or groups of sections 9 of vegetation of one parameter, in particular color, are elongated with different outlines of protrusions 10 and depressions 11, and the directions of the axes 12 of elongated sections 9 or groups of sections 9 of vegetation 5 are located at an angle of 30 ° ... 60 ° to the longitudinal elements of the contour of the moving object 2. Vegetation 5 is selected in two colors with a ratio of about 75% and 25% or two colors in 25% and the third about 50%.

Example 3. The camouflage of the moving object 2 is carried out in full accordance with example 1. At the same time, the artificial vegetation 5 is fixed in groups 13, imitating the crowns of trees 13 or bushes 13, and between these groups 13 there are elements of a camouflage coating or smaller branches 1 are distributed that hide the remaining open areas of the moving object 2. In this case, the size l _{min of} group 13 is satisfied from the condition of its detection under the design conditions of reconnaissance and the most probable maximum l _max for the reproduced background of the terrain.

In addition, when implementing the example, it is advisable to take into account the contrast K of the crowns of trees (shrubs) relative to each other and areas with filled camouflage elements or smaller branches, according to example 2, including textured and color contrasts.

When implementing examples of the claimed method of masking, the fibers used as radio-scattering and radio-absorbing additives are made of carbon fiber material such as VPR - 19 sb, Uvis - Zh - 22C, Uglen - 9, at least one of them, with a density of 3-18 g / m ² in the projection of the space-distributed foliage on a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave.

To test the effectiveness of the use of the indicated types of fibers in the claimed method, a sample of branches 1 was made. On the back of leaves 6 of these branches 1 fibers of 14 types were applied (see Fig. 9). In addition, for a comparative assessment of the carbon fibers 14, without the influence of the material of the branch 1, plates 15 were made of polyethylene distributed between the layers of the welded polyethylene fiber 14 (see Fig. 10). To assess the effectiveness of the use of these types of fibers in order to ensure the effect of the claimed masking method in the radar wavelength range, radar measuring stands 16 were used, made in accordance with GOST 8.042-73 and operating in the range from 10 cm to 0.8 cm. the difference between the two values obtained from the standard 17 and samples 18 located on this standard at the same frequency of the incident electromagnetic wave. The values of the estimated value of the attenuation of the radar wave in the specified range, subject to the stated concentrations of carbon fiber in the sample, corresponds to the values of modern camouflage coatings.

In carrying out examples of the inventive masking method, graphite-containing spraying is used as additives providing a masking effect in the infrared range of electromagnetic wavelengths. To evaluate the effectiveness of using graphite-containing powders for spraying on the back of the leaves, we used a Swiss-made thermal imager operating in the range λ = 3 ... 5 μm and λ = 8 ... 14 μm. In this case, vegetation samples without spraying and with the deposition of graphite-containing material were alternately exposed above a radiation source heated to t≈85 ° C. In this case, the same time was taken into account (T = 10 mm), at which partial heating of the samples from a source located at a distance of 15 cm. In order to ensure identical conditions for the filling density, graphite was sprayed onto a PVC film selected as a material for the manufacture of vegetation. Studies have shown that applying 1 mm thick graphite leaves to the back side attenuates infrared radiation from a source covered by a sample with sputtering, compared to a sample without sputtering, by about 40 ... 70%. The best effect was achieved when using graphite containing particles commensurate with the half-wave of the measured range. The increase in the thickness of the spraying at times is not justified by the achieved effect in comparison with the complication of the application process and with the deterioration of the operational properties of the branches of artificial vegetation.

Studies of the spectrophotometric characteristics of vegetation samples (see Fig. 9), issued by industry, showed satisfactory convergence of the obtained data with live vegetation data.

In carrying out examples of the inventive masking method, metallized spraying or foil provides a masking effect in the radar and infrared wavelength ranges. Studies of artificial vegetation samples with a foil glued on the back and a terephthalate film with metallized spraying were carried out similarly as described above.

The research results showed that masks made of artificial vegetation with metallized spraying on the back of the leaves or with glued foil are able to provide, under certain conditions, the desired effect, corresponding to modern models of camouflage coatings.

When implementing the examples of the proposed method of camouflage, to fix the vegetation on the movable object 2, a nylon mesh 4 was used, stretched over the frame, imitating the armor element of the moving object 2 (see figure 3). In this case, the network 4 may contain blind or quick-dissolving seams (not shown) connecting the frame - the edges of the network 4 to each other or to known fastening nodes (not shown) made on a movable object 2. Slices of branches 1 of artificial vegetation 5, while being woven into the network 4 using at least one mesh thread 4.

When implementing the examples of the proposed method for masking the fastening device 3 of vegetation 5 from artificial branches 1, made in the form of clamps 3, were mounted on a movable object 2 (see figures 1, 2, 5 and 6) in a checkerboard pattern and / or in rows. The distance between the clamps 3 was 200 ... 500 mm from each other vertically and horizontally (figure 1). In this case, artificial branches 1 of at least 400 ... 1500 mm in height and 300 ... 400 mm in diameter, filled with artificial foliage or "Vors" type coating, were chosen.

An example of the implementation of artificial branches for the implementation of the disguise method.

The material of which the elastic elements of the branches 1 are made contains or on the reverse side of the leaves 6 are applied radar absorbing or radio scattering or radio reflecting additives in the form of a film, metallized or graphite spraying, woven or non-woven fibers 14, in particular with different lengths of cuts (see Fig. 9).

In this case, woven or non-woven, or staple (cut from a bundle) fibers 14 can be distributed layer-by-layer with dielectric filler 15 between layers 14 (Fig. 12).

The branches 1 are installed on the movable object 2 in accordance with the above examples 1, 2 and 3. In this case, the incident electromagnetic wave in the radar and infrared range is absorbed and / or scattered by films, metallized or graphite sputtering, woven or non-woven, or stapled fibers 14, and also the material from which the branches 1 are made.

Examples of the device for securing branches on a moving object for implementing the method.

Example 1. The base 19 forms a shell 20, clamping the branch 1 (ie, the base 19 with the clamp 3, which is the shell 20, see Fig.13).

In this case, the shell 20 is made in the form of a continuous tube 21 (Fig.13) or dissected along the side surface 22 of the tube 21 (see Fig.14 and 15).

Example 2. The base 19 forms a group of tubes 21 (see Fig.16 and 17).

Example 3. Inside the tube 21 is additionally made at least one clamp 3. Moreover, the working surface of each clamp 3 is directed towards the longitudinal axis 23 of the tube 21 (see Fig. 18). In this case, the base of the additional clamp 3 forms a tube 21 (see Fig. 19).

The vegetation attachment devices are mounted on a moving object in accordance with the above examples of the inventive masking method.

In this case, the device made in accordance with example 1, provides reliable fastening of the branch 1 due to compression of the branch 1 by the surfaces of the tube 21.

In the presence of additional clamps 3, it is possible to mount branches 1 of the vegetation having a diameter of the base of the branch 1 smaller diameter of the tube 21.

Artificial vegetation is placed on a moving object in order to ensure its secrecy in movement, at positions and when located in areas (figure 1 ... 6). The location of the artificial vegetation installed on a moving object by means of the claimed devices is given in examples of the method. When moving objects are located in areas and at positions, in addition to the claimed masking method, separately made aprons from elements of personnel masking coatings can be used, providing:

- secrecy of the chassis of these objects due to the location of the aprons obliquely from the side, fore and aft of the object to the ground (not shown);

- hiding the shadows formed by the sides of the moving object and the slope of the trench, due to the location of the aprons horizontally (close) above the indicated elements.

At positions and in areas for these purposes, additionally cut vegetation installed to the chassis and sides (not shown) can also be used.

As a result of theoretical and experimental studies of artificial vegetation and evaluating the effectiveness of the use of artificial vegetation in order to mask moving objects according to the results of the implementation of the claimed technical solutions, the experts involved in the expert group came to the conclusion that:

- the use of artificial vegetation is affordable, cost-effective and appropriate;

- the claimed technical solutions can be used on any types and types of equipment;

- artificial branches and their mounts including installation and placement on equipment can be performed both in the field and in the factory;

- for the manufacture of artificial branches effective not only in the visible, but also in the infrared and radar ranges of EMW, artificial branches produced by industry for decoration and decorative purposes can be used;

- in special conditions, artificial branches can be supplemented or replaced by cut vegetation, including preserved;

- artificial vegetation, subject to the claimed technical solutions, provides a masking effect in the visible, infrared and radar ranges of electromagnetic waves at fairly small distances from the enemy;

- artificial vegetation, made in accordance with the stated technical solutions, provides camouflage from radar reconnaissance and guidance of the WTO in the wavelength range from 0.8 cm to 10 cm at the level of the best camouflage means and methods;

- the application of the claimed technical solutions of artificial vegetation branches, the method and device for securing the branches reduces the likelihood of detecting a movable object, as well as the likelihood of capture of this object by thermal weapon guidance systems with an efficiency comparable with the use of heat-reflecting coatings (TOP), due to the fact that TOP hides only the most heated part of the moving object, for example, the surface of the engine’s transmission compartment of the tank, and the vegetation masks the entire surface of this object ;

- increasing the density of the mask, by eliminating the transparency of T≤100%, increases the reliability of camouflage of a moving object in the visible range of electromagnetic waves and provides the necessary effect in the radar and the allowable effect in the infrared ranges of electromagnetic waves;

- the technical solution of the device for attaching branches of artificial vegetation provides the opportunity to solve various declared variants of the camouflage method, including prototype 121;

- despite the fact that the use of vegetation in the field of camouflage is widely known, compliance with the claimed conditions of the method, the device of artificial vegetation branches and the device for attaching branches to implement methods of masking moving objects with artificial vegetation, including the prototype / 2 /, provides a reliable effect that prevents detection and recognition moving object, as well as the failure of pointing the enemy weapons at it, which ensures and confirms the "novelty" and significant differences of the claimed method and troystv to see;

- the claimed technical solutions of artificial vegetation branches, the ratio of graphite-containing fibers and / or powder of the branches introduced into the material and / or the foliage of these branches deposited on the reverse side or containing a metallized coating layer or foil film, provided that the artificial vegetation is placed on a moving object, when the ratio of the area of the projection of foliage and conifers to the sum of the projections of the gaps in the volume of vegetation on a flat surface, as well as the ratio of the areas with ummas of the projection of vegetation projecting beyond the boundaries of the object’s contour onto a plane to the projection of the area of this object on the same plane, provided by a simple and reliable device for attaching vegetation, with the possibility of implementing the “diversity” masking principle, ensures the achievement of the object of the invention, due to the connection the claimed technical solutions of the method of masking moving objects, devices of branches of artificial vegetation and devices for fastening these branches on a moving object in a single image retentive plan.

Information sources

1. The Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. Encyclopedia. - / Ch. ed. M.M. Kozlov, editorial board: Yu.Ya. Barabash, P.P. Zhilin (deputy chief editor), V.I. Kanatov (responsible secretary) and others. - M .: Sov. Encyclopedia, 1985 .-- 832 p.

Photo: “Belgorod. Soviet troops enter the liberated city. Summer 1943. "- P.81 and Photo:" Self-propelled artillery installation forces the river. Drissa. Belarus 1944 ”- P.85.

2. A method for camouflaging moving objects with cut, including preserved, and / or artificial vegetation. Description of the invention to the Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2284002 dated 2006 No. 2004123944/02 dated August 6, 2004 Bull. No 26 on 09/20/2006

3. A device for masking moving objects. Description of the invention to copyright certificate No. 828804 of 10.27.99, Bull. No. 30 by application No. 2868853/23 of 01/14/80

Claims (13)

1. The method of masking moving objects with artificial vegetation, which consists in the distribution and fixing of artificial branches by means of a grid or clamps mounted on the object, the ratio of the areas D of the sum of the projections of the vegetation protruding beyond the contour of the object onto the plane to the projection of the area of this object on the same the area is selected as possible as possible within the range 0 <D≤0.5 and the weight of the vegetation P _p used for masking is limited by the allowable reserve of carrying capacity P _gr , the movable object P _p ≤Р _gr , characterized in that in it the ratio of the areas T of the projection of the foliage and / or branches of conifers of trees located on the object onto a flat surface to the sum of the projections of the gaps in the volume of vegetation is chosen to be close to or equal to T≤100%, while the foliage in the volume of the mask formed by artificial vegetation, it is distributed in at least 2-3 volume-distributed layers, each of which forms a projection called T≤100%, and the mask elements from the vegetation that extend beyond the boundaries of the moving object are curved with a density of not less than T≥75 ... 80%, which provides reliable deformation of the contours of a moving object, moreover, radio absorbing and / or radar absorbing materials are introduced into the elastic or the carcass containing elastic elements of the material of the elements of artificial vegetation and / or radio-scattering or radio-reflecting additives in the form of a film, metallized or graphite spraying, woven or non-woven, or staple fibers, including those with different lengths of fiber cutting. 2. The masking method according to claim 1, characterized in that the uniformly distributed vegetation is grouped in areas with different textured, in particular deciduous or coniferous, and tonal, including color shades, with a contrast K relative to each other, and the contrast K is selected at least K ≥0,4 applied at least to one of the known calculation methods of exploration, furthermore, the size of l _min section or group of sections vegetation one parameter, in particular color, it is performed from the condition or to detect them in the design conditions intelligence and believable to the maximum l _max for playing category stain area and characteristic of the surrounding background, wherein as the calculated sizes l _min and l _max is taken the smallest of the obtained calculations for various means and methods of exploration, besides portions or groups vegetation portions one parameter , in particular color, are made of an elongated curved shape with various outlines of protrusions and depressions, and the direction of the axes of the elongated sections or groups of vegetation sections are located at an angle of 30 ... 60 to the contour of the moving object, and vegetation or two selected colors to their ratio of about 75% and 25%, or two colors with 25% and about 50% of the third. 3. The camouflage method according to claim 1, characterized in that the artificial vegetation is fixed in groups that mimic the crowns of trees or bushes, and between these groups there are camouflage elements or smaller branches are distributed that hide the remaining sections of the moving object, and the size l _{min of the} group is from the conditions of its detection in the design conditions of reconnaissance and the most probable maximum l _max for reproducible background terrain. 4. The masking method according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the fibers used as radio-scattering and radio-absorbing additives are made of carbon fiber material such as VPR - 19 sb, UVIS - Zh - 22C, Uglen - 9, at least one of them, with a density of 3-18 g / m ² in the projection of the space-distributed foliage on a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave. 5. The masking method according to claim 1, characterized in that it uses radio-reflective additives as a foil or terephthalate film with a metallized coating or a metallized coating applied to the leaves with their subsequent color if necessary. 6. The masking method according to claim 1, characterized in that it uses hemp and / or fiberglass, and / or linen, and / or carbon fiber, and / or another known network pre-stretched to the surface of the nodes, to fix the vegetation, aggregates and elements of a moving object and containing blind and / or quick-opening seams connecting the frame - the edges of the network to each other and / or with known fasteners made on a moving object, while sections of artificial vegetation branches are woven into the network using at least one thread. 7. The camouflage method according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for attaching vegetation from artificial branches, made in particular in the form of clamps, are installed on the object, mainly in a checkerboard pattern and / or in rows, in particular, at a distance 200 ... 500 mm from each other vertically and horizontally, while artificial branches less than 400 ... 1500 mm high and 300 ... 600 mm in diameter, filled with artificial foliage or needles, are selected. 8. A device for masking moving objects, containing a mask of artificial vegetation, made of artificial branches of deciduous or coniferous trees, characterized in that the material from which the elastic elements of the branches are made contain or are absorbed on the back of the leaves, or radio-scattering or radio-reflecting additives in the form of a film, metallized or graphite spraying, woven or staple fibers, in particular, with different lengths of cuts. 9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the woven or non-woven or staple fibers are distributed layer by layer with dielectric filling between the layers. 10. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the branch contains an elastic frame on which camouflage material of the “Pile” type is fixed. 11. A device for masking moving objects, containing a mask of vegetation made of branches fixed to the object by means of a base with a clamp, characterized in that the base forms a shell clamping the branches, made in the form of a continuous or dissected along the side surface of a tube or group of tubes, arbitrary whose axes are located at an angle to each other. 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that at least one clip is made in each tube, the working surface of each clip being directed toward the longitudinal axis of the tube. 13. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the base of the clamps is fixed in the tube or forms a tube.

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