RU2281768C2 - Healing fish feed - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fishfarming, veterinary, in particular fish ichthyopathology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of healing fish feed for prophylaxis and treatment of fish rubella disease, prevention of acute disease form, keeping of homeostasis and fish growth potential by suppression of pathogen organism activity, namely aeromonades and pseudomonades. Claimed feed contains 0.1-0.25 % of furasolidone based on total feed mass.

EFFECT: feed of improved healing action; increased productivity.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of fish farming and ichthyopathology of fish and can be used in the manufacture of medicinal feed for the prevention and treatment of rubella fish disease, preventing the transition of the disease into an acute form, maintaining homeostasis and fish growth potentials by suppressing the activity of pathogenic microorganisms: aeromonads and pseudomonads in the period of possible occurrence rubella outbreaks.

It is known that in world practice antibiotics, the biological active substance crotonolactone, methylene blue and nitrofuran series drugs: furazolidone, furagin, furatsilin and panfuran are widely used to fight rubella [A.s. No. 518194, 06.25.76, BI 23].

These drugs are used in various ways: by free feeding, injection into the abdominal cavity and processing fish in the baths [V.A. Afanasyev. “An integrated system for the prevention of aeromonosis. - Fish farming, 1987, No. 6, p. 18-19].

Of the described methods, the most affordable for fish farms is a method of free feeding to fish. In this case, the medicinal product as an active ingredient is combined with a feed that performs the function of a filler in a medicinal feed. So, for example, methylene blue is used at a dose of 3-5 mg per 50 g of fish for 8-10 days [Fish Disease: Reference Book / G.V. Vasiliev, L.I. Grishchenko, V.T. Engashev, etc .; under the editorship of V.E. Osetrova - 2nd ed. reslave. and add. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1989. - 288 p., P.90, p. 8], which corresponds to 1400 g of active ingredient per 1 ton of feed. Furatsilin is used at the rate of 600 g of active ingredient per 1 ton of feed [Temporary instruction on the use of furatsilin in carp aeromonosis. - Ch. Control Veterinary Medicine vet. inspection, No. 044-3 from 03.04.90], and panfuran is used in a dosage of 2 mg of the preparation per 50 g of fish mass [AC 518194, 04.25.74, BI No. 23], which corresponds to 600 g of the active ingredient per 1 ton of feed.

The use of methylene blue as an active ingredient for the treatment of rubella in carps by feeding it with feed has been ineffective. Methylene blue is washed with water from the feed, as a result of which the preventive and therapeutic properties of the drug are reduced. Furatsilin in the composition of the therapeutic feed allows you to achieve good results, but its prolonged use has a toxic effect on fish.

The most applicable drug in Russia for the treatment of rubella is the drug of the nitrofuran series furazolidone [Mashkovsky M.D. Medicines - M .: Medicine, 1973, part 2, p.343]. Furazolidone is included as an active component in the composition of LKR-1 therapeutic feed at the rate of 20 kg of the preparation per ton of feed, which corresponds to 2.0% of the feed weight [TU 15-639-84]. At the same time, direct feeding of LCR-1 is not recommended, since the concentration of the drug in the feed is so high that it causes a change in the palatability of the feed and the fish do not eat it. LKR-1 granular compound feed is recommended to be mixed with ordinary compound feed in a ratio of 1:16 [Instructions for the control of cyprinid fish aeromonosis. - Veterinary Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Russian Federation. August 7, 1998. - Collection of instructions for combating fish diseases. - M., 1998, part 1, p.142-149], which reduces the effectiveness of the therapeutic feed, as this obviously violates the uniformity of feeding, leading to non-therapeutic feed in the body of each fish.

Closest to the claimed feed and selected as a prototype is a medicinal feed, in which furazolidone is used as an active ingredient in the amount of 600 g of the drug per 1 ton of filler, which is used as feed [V.A. Afanasyev. Integrated aeromonosis prevention system. - Fish farming, 1987, No. 6, p.19], which corresponds to about 0.065% of the weight of the medicinal feed.

When using this medicinal feed, its too mild effect is noted. To cure, as a rule, two courses of 10 days are required, while some of the fish still suffer an acute form of the disease, which negatively affects the subsequent growth of the fish and the results of the cultivation in general. In addition, prolonged use of furazolidone has a toxic effect on fish.

The objective of the invention is to create an effective therapeutic feed based on the active ingredient furazolidone, which allows to reduce the time of exposure of therapeutic feed to fish and thereby reduce the degree of toxic effects of the therapeutic drug.

Technical results that can be obtained by implementing the invention are:

- increase the therapeutic ability of the feed;

- reducing the time of exposure to fish,

- a fuller use of the natural growth potentials of the body, not inhibited by the effects of pathogenic bacteria, which improves the economic results of fish farming.

The solution of this problem and the achievement of the above results became possible due to the fact that in the well-known medicinal feed containing the active ingredient in the form of furazolidone and a filler in the form of fish food, the content of furazolidone is 0.1-0.25 percent of the weight of the medicinal feed.

Bacteriological studies show that, within the stated ratio, the medicinal power of the obtained food can significantly delay the development of aeromonas and pseudomonas compared to the prototype due to the enhanced but short-term effect on the bacterial fauna of carp, which in turn eliminates the risk of toxic effects on fish, makes the well-known food work and allows to achieve an abrupt increase in technical results.

The practical applicability of therapeutic feed is proved by the following examples.

Example 1

An experimental batch of medicinal feed with an active ingredient content of furazolidone of 0.1 percent of the mass of medicinal feed, which corresponds to the minimum value of the declared limits, was manufactured at a feed mill using the accepted technology. As a filler, carp production compound feed of the K-111 recipe was used. The therapeutic feed was used in the feeding pond of the Uraevsky fish farm of the Belgorod Region for the prevention of rubella of three-year-old carps according to the following scheme. The first treatment and prevention course from May 15 to 25, 2001, the second treatment and prevention course from June 2 to 12, 2001. After the first ten-day course of feeding, the proportion of fish at risk of the disease amounted to 38%, the proportion of fish that survived the disease in an average degree of damage reached 6%. The task of preventing rubella and inhibiting the transition of the disease to an acute form has been solved, despite the need for repeated ten-day treatment. Healing food was well eaten by fish.

Example 1a In two aquariums - control and experimental - placed yearlings of carp. Within 30 days, one fish was given the usual compound feed for carp yearlings, the other factory-fed compound feed with furatsilin content of 0.12%, the water temperature during the experiment was 15 ° C.

With a long-term (for 30 days) feeding of yearlings of carp with compound feed containing furatsilin, in the absence of external signs of pathology, certain physiological changes occur in the fish, which may be associated with a slowdown in growth and depletion of the fish: an unreliable decrease in fatness (2.41 ± 0.09 in compared with control fish 2.58 ± 0.04), an unreliable decrease in the spleen index with a simultaneous increase in the liver index (up to 5.5 ± 0.3% in comparison with the control - 4.0 ± 0.1%). Changes in the blood picture are also observed: with a constant concentration of hemoglobin, the plasma protein decreases (to 26.3 ± 2.1 g / l against 36.5 ± 2.8 g / l in the control), the number of white blood cells, which is due to a significant decrease white blood cell count (up to 32.0 ± 4.0 thousand / μl against the control - 60.8 ± 10.7 thousand / μl). Moreover, the number of leukocytes in the experiment is 32.0 thousand / μl more than normal at a temperature of 15 ° C than 60.8 thousand / μl. In the blood of experimental fish, the number of large lymphocytes is reduced.

These changes in the physiological state of carp are not radical.

It can be argued that under normal conditions, the duration of therapeutic and preventive courses of feeding with nitrofurans should not exceed 10 days. But in exceptional cases, with an advanced disease, the death of carps from aeromonosis, the course of therapeutic feeding can be extended up to 30 days.

Consequently, the use of furatsilin at a concentration of 0.12% and furazolidone at a concentration of 0.17% of the feed weight once a day for eatability even for 30 days does not lead to radical changes in the physiological state of carp yearlings. This reveals a greater (than in homoyothermal animals, including humans) resistance of the poikilothermic animal - fish (carp) to elevated concentrations of nitrofurans, this is the previously unknown pattern of this action of nitrofurans on fish.

This implies the possibility of increasing the concentration of nitrofurans in fish feed, this is the relationship of previously unknown dependence with the essential features and technical result of the invention.

The novelty and inventive step of the claimed invention lies precisely in the establishment of previously unknown boundaries of therapeutic doses (concentrations) of furazolidone in medical feed for fish, in establishing harmlessness for the fish organism of such therapeutic feed.

Example 2. According to example 1, the content of the active ingredient furazolidone in the medicinal feed is 0.2 percent by weight of the feed, which corresponds to the average value of the claimed limits. As a filler selected carp production compound feed recipe K-111. The therapeutic feed was used to prevent rubella from three-year-old carps of the Livensky pond of the Nikitovsky fish farm in the Belgorod region according to the following scheme: the first therapeutic and preventive feeding course: from May 21 to May 24, 2001, the second preventive course: from June 1 to 5, 2001. After the first four-day treatment-and-prophylactic feeding course, the disease did not transition to an acute form, pathological changes in the internal organs accompanying the rubella disease were not noted, a good growth rate of fish was maintained during the period of preventive feeding, and after that, the food is readily eaten by fish.

Example 3. The therapeutic feed according to example 2 with the active ingredient content of 0.2 percent of the feed weight was used in the Palatovsky pond of the Nikitovsky fish farm in the Belgorod region for the prevention of rubella of two-year-old carps according to the following scheme: the treatment and prevention course was conducted from June 20 to 22, 2001. As a result of a three-day treatment, the signs of rubella disappeared, the food was readily eaten by fish, the growth rate during and after treatment remained high).

Example 4. According to example 1, the content of the active ingredient furazolidone in the medicinal feed is 0.25 percent by weight of the feed, which corresponds to the maximum value of the declared limits. As a filler, production feed for carp was selected containing the following components: meat and bone meal 1%, paprin 4%, sunflower meal 23%, chalk 2%, coriander meal 15%, wheat 10%, wheat bran 18%, barley 26, 75%. Compound feed was used for the prevention of rubella of three-year and two-year-old carps in five feeding ponds of the Oktyabrsky Belgorod Region fish processing plant in May 1994. As a result of the application, the feed is satisfactorily eaten by fish; there has not been a massive transition of rubella into an acute form and no death of the fish.

Example 5. According to example 1, the content of the active ingredient is 0.09 percent by weight of the feed, which corresponds to a value below the minimum claimed limit. Crushed wheat and wheat bran in equal proportions were used as filler. The feed was used to treat rubella of non-standard three-year-old carps in a small pond Reserve Uraevsky fish farm of the Belgorod region. The treatment was carried out from May 20 to June 10, 2000 for 20 days. At the same time, the disease was overcome, but about 40% of the fish suffered the disease in an acute form and the results of further rearing were unsatisfactory in terms of growth rate and feed costs.

Example 6

The content of the active ingredient furazolidone in the medicinal feed is 0.28 percent of the weight of the medicinal feed, which corresponds to a value above the maximum value of the claimed limit. As a filler, carp production feed K-111 was used. The therapeutic preparation in an amount of 1.4 kg was thoroughly mixed with 50 kg of wheat flour, then the entrusted mixture was mixed with 450 kg of granulated feed. The mixture was moistened with water until a doughy state, kept for 12 hours and asked the two-year-old carps contained in the wintering nursery of the Nikitovsky fish farm on May 20-23, 2001. Due to poor eatability — the food at the feeding places remained partially not eaten a day after feeding — the experiment was terminated as economically inexpedient.

Example 7

According to the prototype, the content of the active ingredient of furazolidone in the medicinal feed was 0.06 percent of the weight of the medicinal feed, 111-K compound feed was used as a filler. The drug was mixed with compound feed, soaked with water and insisted on a fish farm (according to Example 6). When treating rubella of three-year-old carps in a pond, feeding No. 3 of the Ivnyansky fish farm in the Belgorod region called the compound feed for carps from May 30 to June 4, 1997. As a result of treatment, the number of fish suffering from an acute form, with general dropsy, irrigation of scales, eye-sores and ulcers was 50%, the same as before the treatment. In order to avoid death of fish in the described example, treatment with this food was stopped, and with further treatment from June 5 to June 8, the stronger drug furatsilin with its content in the feed of 0.1% by weight of the feed was used as the active ingredient, the feed was prepared in the same way ( according to Example 6). When examining the fish on June 14, rubella was overcome. The above example proves that the content of the active ingredient of 0.06 mass% in the medicinal feed is not enough, and such feed is completely unsuitable for the treatment of acute rubella.

As can be seen from examples 1 and 4, the therapeutic feed is efficient and completely solves the task in the stated optimal limits of the administered drug and allows to reduce the period of prophylaxis to 5 days, and treatment to a maximum of 9 days, unlike the prototype (Example 7). A decrease in the amount of the active ingredient in the medicinal feed leads to an increase in the duration of treatment and a deterioration in its technical characteristics (Example 5), an increase in the amount of the active ingredient in the medicinal feed (Example 6) leads to a deterioration in the feed intake and, as a result, to an excessive consumption of the active ingredient and feed. Thus, only the declared limits of the active ingredient provide the therapeutic feed with guaranteed performance and reduce the risk of toxic effects on fish, that is, they solve the problem.

Claims (1)

A therapeutic feed for the prevention and treatment of fish aeromonosis, comprising the active ingredient in the form of furazolidone and a filler in the form of fish feed, characterized in that the furazolidone content is 0.1-0.25% by weight of the therapeutic feed.