RU2281763C1 - Method for prophylaxis of sterility in cows - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary science.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to prophylaxis of sterility in cows. Method involves a single intramuscular administration of sodium selenite as 0.5% solution in the dose 10 ml 20-25 days before calving, and tetravit in the dose 10 ml twice before calving and twice after calving with break for 10 days. Succinic acid in mixture with ascorbic acid in the ratio = 1:1 is administrated orally every day for 20-25 days before and after calving in the dose 0.5-1.5 g per a head. Method provides activation of system of antioxidant protection and natural resistance that results to prophylaxis of sterility in cows that is based on selection of doses and regimen of administration of agents used.

EFFECT: improved method of sterility prophylaxis.

6 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine, relates to a method for the prevention of cow infertility and can be used to increase the production of livestock products and improve its quality.

Infertility (the absence of a fetus in the uterus) is a complex biological phenomenon. Barren cows are not inseminated or seeded, but not fertilized within 30 days after birth, and young females 30 days after they reach physiological maturity. Infertility causes great economic damage. So, with a productivity of 3000 kg, one day of infertility is the loss of 0.0035 calf and 3 kg of milk. At the heart of infertility is a combination of causes. Among the main causes of cow infertility, inflammatory diseases of the reproductive organs caused by conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, fungi, mycoplasmas, chlamydia, rickettsiae, viruses, in particular endometritis, which, as a result of stress maladaptation under the influence of, first of all, environmental factors, should be called become massive. Environmental factors adversely affecting the animal’s body include man-made and biogenic pollution, biogeochemical provinces, characterized by a low content of vital elements in soils and plants, unbalanced feeding, poor feed, lack of active exercise, unsatisfactory indoor climate conditions and other disturbances in animal hygiene. They have the most pronounced negative effect on pregnant cows, in the body of which increased energy costs occur due to intensive exploitation and development of the fetus / 1-5 /.

Known methods for the prevention of infertility using antibiotics, sulfonamides, nitrofurans and their combinations / 6 /. A common disadvantage of the known methods — relatively low efficiency — is due to the insufficient specific activity of the preparations due to the appearance of highly resistant strains of bacteria and fungi as a result of their use, their immunosuppressive effect and an increase in “medicinal” diseases.

There are also known methods of preventing infertility by replenishing immunological deficiency using various groups of drugs - nonspecific immunostimulants (corpuscular immunostimulants: liposomes, latex, microcellulose, etc.; preparations of microbial, viral origin and their synthetic analogues: prodigiosan, zymosan, lycopid, etc .; preparations from human and animal tissues and their synthetic analogues: thymogen, splenin, pantocrine, blood and serum preparations, etc .; herbal preparations: tea roar, lemon, garlic, echinacea, etc .; synthetic immunomodulators: dibazole, methyluracil, levamisole, etc .; hormones: estradiol, synestrol, thyroxine, thyroidin, etc .; vitamins, microelements, and their salts) / 7 /. Many vitamins and minerals participate in immunological reactions, activating (or suppressing) the action of various enzymes, for example, selenium compounds, in particular sodium selenite / 8 /, barium selenic acid / 9 /, selenopyran / 10 /.

The most promising regarding the preventive effect can be considered methods of preventing infertility using antioxidant vitamins and minerals and / or their complexes, for example, preparations Nutril Se, movisel (a complex of antioxidant vitamins and sodium selenite) / 11 /, ganasupervit (a complex of vitamins and minerals) / 12 /, due to the fact that in the etiopathogenesis of mass postpartum pathologies, the leading role is played by the state of stress maladaptation, characterized by the phenomena of activation of peroxide processes (free cial) lipid peroxidation (LPO), a sharp decrease in the antioxidant defense system power (HPA) and immunobiological resistance. Thus, our studies in the production environment confirmed the relationship between oxidative stress and immunobiochemical status in pregnant cows. In cows with obstetric pathology 15 days before calving, a decrease in hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, T and B lymphocytes, total blood serum protein (OBS), a violation of interfractional ratios, an increase in the level of total lipids and cholesterol, a decrease in the level of total immunoglobulins, vitamin E, lysozyme, bactericidal activity of blood serum and phagocytic activity of neutrophils with a significant increase in peroxidation products compared to cows with a normal course of labor and the postpartum period, in h stnosti malondialdehyde. Therefore, the accumulation in the body of highly active lipid peroxidation products is one of the reasons leading to the suppression of factors of nonspecific immunological resistance of the body (table 1).

As the closest analogues, we consider methods of immunocorrection with the combined use of tetravite and sodium selenite / 12 / and tetravite, sodium selenite and succinic acid / 13 /.

Table 1.
Indicators of immunobiochemical status of cows 15 days before calving Indicators Norm Groups of cows with a normal course of the postpartum period with postpartum pathology Hemoglobin, g / l 99.0-129.0 101.0 ± 1.5 89.5 ± 1.8 Red blood cells, 10 ¹² / l 5.0-8.0 6.1 ± 0.2 4.7 ± 0.1 White blood cells, 10 ⁹ / L 4,5-12,0 7.7 ± 0.4 5.0 ± 0.5 T-lymphocytes,% 45-60 42.9 ± 0.5 31.2 ± 1.9 B-lymphocytes,% 8-15 12.8 ± 0.8 7.4 ± 0.6 General immunoglobulins, g / l 15-25 18.9 ± 0.3 15.5 ± 0.2 Bactericidal activity of blood serum,% 65-85 66.8 ± 0.7 60.2 ± 1.1 Lysozyme activity of blood serum,% 6-9 6.9 ± 0.7 4.9 ± 0.5 Phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils,% 50-60 51.2 ± 1.5 45.2 ± 1.4 Total serum protein, g / l 72-86 76.0 ± 1.5 72.2 ± 1.7 Albumin,% 40 (30-50) 46.0 ± 1.5 41.2 ± 1.4 Globulins,% 60 - alpha 17 (12-20) 13.7 ± 0.9 12.1 ± 0, b - beta 13 (10-16) 14.9 ± 1.1 13.2 ± 0.8 - gamma 30 (25-40) 25.4 ± 1.3 33.5 ± 1.5 Glucose, mmol / L 2.2-3.3 2.24 ± 0.2 2.09 ± 0.1 Total lipids, g / l 3.5-4.5 4.0 ± 0.4 5.9 ± 0.6 Total cholesterol, mmol / l 2,34-4,68 4.03 ± 0.02 5.19 ± 0.02 Vitamin E, μm / L 14-33 25.2 ± 1.2 12.9 ± 1.1 Malondialdehyde, μm / L 0.59-0.95 0.89-0.03 1.79 ± 0.02

The purpose of the invention is a highly effective and environmentally friendly method for the prevention of cow infertility.

The goal is achieved by a set of optimally selected biologically active agents and the parameters of their use according to the original scheme.

The method is as follows.

Cows are injected intramuscularly 20–25 days before calving with sodium selenite in the form of a 0.5% solution in a dose of 10 ml, twice before and twice after calving with an interval of 10 days — tetravit in a dose of 10 ml with a content of 50,000 IU of vitamin A in 1 ml , 25,000 IU of vitamin D, 20 mg of vitamin E, 5 mg of vitamin F, for 20-25 days before and after calving, a mixture of succinic and ascorbic acids in a ratio of 1: 1 in a dose of 1.0 g per head.

The feasibility of the method was determined in a scientific and production experiment on cows of black and motley breed with a milk productivity of 3500-3800 kg in one of the farms of the Nizhny Novgorod region with a high (more than 90%) incidence of reproductive organs after calving and a long term infertility. Before the experiment and 2-3 days after calving, blood samples were taken from the cows for laboratory studies in order to determine the state of immunobiochemical homeostasis by the level of the following indicators: hemoglobin, erythrocytes, OBS, total immunoglobulins (determined by conventional methods), glucose (determined by the ortho-toluidine method ), total lipids (determined according to Krinitsky in the modification of Volgin, 1969), lipid peroxidation products - diene conjugates and ketodienes (determined by Placert, 1976), malondialdehyde (determined with thiobarbituric acid), lysozyme activity of blood serum (determined by V.G. Dorofeychuk), bactericidal activity of blood serum (determined by O.V.Smirnova and T.A. Kuzmina), phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils (determined by B.C. Gostev).

The research results were subjected to biometric processing and correlation analysis using a computer program.

The essence of the method is illustrated by examples.

Example 1. To study the effect of succinic acid and a mixture of succinic and ascorbic acids in a ratio of 1: 1 against the background of sodium selenite in the form of a 0.5% solution and tetravite on LPO processes and immunobiochemical status, 4 groups of deep-skinned cows, 10 animals each, were formed according to the analogue principle. each. To the cows of the first three groups, 20–25 days before calving, sodium selenite was administered intramuscularly once in the form of a 0.5% solution at a dose of 10 ml and twice before and twice after calving at 10-day intervals — tetravit at a dose of 10 ml with a content of 1 ml 50,000 IU of Vitamin A, 25,000 IU of Vitamin D, 20 mg of Vitamin E, 5 mg of Vitamin F. Cows of the second group were additionally given succinic acid at a dose of 1.0 g for 20-25 days before and after calving, and the mixture of amber was given to cows of the third group and ascorbic acid in a ratio of 1: 1 in a dose of 1.0 g. Cows of the fourth group of drugs were not used, they served as control. The research results are shown in tables 2 and 3.

Table 2.
The effect of various antioxidants on the performance of lipid peroxidation products and AOD systems in cows Indicators Groups of cows 1st, n = 10 goal (sodium selenite + tetravite) 2nd, n = 10 goal (sodium selenite + tetravite + succinic acid) 3rd, n = 10 goal (sodium selenite + tetravite + succinic and ascorbic acids) 4th, n = 10 goal (without drugs) M ± m ± in% M ± m ± in% M ± m ± in% M ± m ± in% Diene conjugates, units A / ml

+10.3

-39.0

-56.7

+63.6 Ketodienes, units A / ml

+16.6

-15.3

-27.0

+50.7 Malondialdehyde, μmol / L

+0.7

-20.4

-29.0

+32.4 Catalase activity, mm N ₂ O ₂ / l · min

-15.0

-12.0

-7.9

-28.2 Vitamin E, μmol / L

+ 6.0

+ 10.7

+15.2

-45.1 Note: in the numerator - indicators 20-25 days before calving
in the denominator - indicators for 2-3 days after calving

As can be seen from the data in table 2, indicators of lipid peroxidation products in all cows for 20-25 days before calving were characterized by high levels. So, the content of the primary products of lipid peroxidation - diene conjugates exceeded the physiological norms for this period by 1.59-2.17 times, ketodienes - by 1.27-1.53 times, secondary products of lipid peroxidation - malondialdehyde - by 4.61-4 78 times. The performance of the AOD system was reduced both in the non-enzymatic (vitamin E) and in the enzymatic (catalase) units. On days 2-3 after calving, the LPO product indices significantly increased in the cows of the fourth (control) group: the content of diene conjugates by 63.6%, ketodienes by 50.7%, malondialdehyde by 32.4% compared to the dry period and exceeded physiological norms for this period of 1.82; 1.29 and 2.73 times, respectively. At the same time, cows in the control group showed a sharp decrease in AOD indicators - catalase activity by 28.2%, vitamin E - by 45.1% compared with the dry period. The use of sodium selenite and tetravite in the first experimental group provided a less dramatic increase in LPO products after calving: the content of diene conjugates by 10.3%, ketodienes by 16.6%, malondialdehyde by 0.7% compared to the dry period, less sharply catalase activity decreased, and vitamin E levels increased by 6%. The appointment of a complex of antioxidant agents to cows of the second and third experimental groups contributed to a decrease in the levels of lipid peroxidation products 2-3 days after calving: diene conjugates by 39 and 56.7%, ketodienes by 15.3 and 27%, malondialdehyde by 20.4 and 29 % respectively. Catalase activity decreased in the second group by 12%, in the third group - by 7.9%, the level of vitamin E increased in the second group by 10.7%, in the third - by 15.2%.

Thus, the combined use of sodium selenite, tetravite, succinic and ascorbic acids ensured a decrease in the levels of lipid peroxidation products and an increase in the activity of AODs 2-3 days after calving.

Table 3.
The effect of various antioxidants on the state of immunobiochemical homeostasis of cows Indicators Groups of cows 1st, n = 10 goal (sodium selenite + tetravite) 2nd, n = 10 goal (sodium selenite + tetravite + succinic acid) 3rd, n = 10 goal (sodium selenite + tetravite + succinic and ascorbic acid) 4th, n = 10 goal (without drugs) M ± m ± in% M ± m ± in% M ± m ± in% M ± m ± in% Hemoglobin, g / l

+10.0

+19.5

+26.6

+2.4 Red blood cells, 10 ¹² / l

+10.4

+20.0

+31.9

+1.9 Total serum protein, g / l

+8.0

+14.2

+19.0

+1.1 Immunoglobulins, g / l

+14.0

+18.4

+26.0 Glucose, mol / L

+14.3

+20.5

+26.3

-47.4 Total lipids, g / l

-12.2

-13.7

-18.8

+4.2 Total cholesterol, mmol / l

-19.9

-24.0

-47.4 Lysozyme activity,%

+17.7

+21.9

+33.3

-42.9 Bactericidal activity,%

+ 13.9

+14.8

+26.5

-7.3 Phagocytic activity of neutrophils,%

+8.0

+17.0

+35.4

-15.0 Note: in the numerator - indicators 20-25 days before calving
in the denominator - indicators for 2-3 days after calving

From the data of table 3 it can be seen that the immunobiochemical status in cows 20-25 days before calving was characterized by a decrease in a number of indicators below the physiological norm - the hemoglobin content by 3.3-5.6%, the number of red blood cells by 10-13%, gamma globulins by 4.4-8.8%, which indicated the presence of hypoxia and a decrease in immunobiological resistance, and the glucose content to the level of the lower boundary of the physiological norm - to reduce the intensity of glycolysis and bioenergy processes. An increased level of total lipids has been established due to metabolic disorders of lipoid compounds, which can lead to a disorder in the synthesis of steroid hormones, a violation of the involutional processes of the reproductive organs after calving, and infertility. Low levels of lysozyme, bactericidal activity of blood serum and phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils indicated a decrease in natural resistance in dry cows. After calving, cows in the control group showed a sharp drop in indicators of natural resistance and glucose. The cows of the experimental groups showed a tendency to normalize their immunobiochemical status, as evidenced by an increase in the main indicators - hemoglobin content, red blood cell count, total blood serum protein, gamma globulins, glucose level, lysozyme, bactericidal activity of blood serum and phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils.

Example 2. To justify the optimal dose of succinic and ascorbic acids in a ratio of 1: 1 against the background of sodium selenite in the form of a 0.5% solution and tetravite, 4 groups of deep-skinned cows of 10 animals each were formed on the principle of analogues. For cows of all groups, 20–25 days before calving, sodium selenite was administered intramuscularly once in the form of a 0.5% solution at a dose of 10 ml and twice before and twice after calving with an interval of 10 days — tetravit at a dose of 10 ml with a content of 1 ml 50,000 IU vitamin A, 25,000 IU of vitamin D, 20 mg of vitamin E, 5 mg of vitamin F. Cows of the second, third and fourth experimental groups were additionally given succinic and ascorbic acid in a ratio of 1: 1 in a dose for 20-25 days before and after calving 0.5 g; 1.0 and 1.5 g, respectively. The research results are presented in tables 4 and 5.

Table 4.
The effect of various antioxidants on the performance of lipid peroxidation products and AOD systems in cows Indicators Groups of cows 1st, n = 10 goal 2nd, n = 10 goal 3rd, n = 10 goal 4th, n = 10 goal sodium selenite + tetravite sodium selenite + tetravite + succinic and ascorbic acid, dose g per head 0.5 1,0 1,5 M ± m ± in% M ± m ± in% M ± m ± in% M ± m ± in% Diene conjugates, units A / ml

+10.3

-46.4

56.7

-54.8 Ketodienes, units A / ml

+16.6

-19.7

-27.0

-27.3 Malondialdehyde, μmol / L

+0.7

-22.3

-29.0

-27.9 Catalase activity, mm N ₂ About ₂ / l · min

-15.0

-10.0

-7.9

-8.0 Vitamin E, μmol / L

+ 6.0

+11.8

+15.2

+15.8 Note: in the numerator - indicators 20-25 days before calving
in the denominator - indicators for 2-3 days after calving

As can be seen from tables 4 and 5, with the tested doses received stable results. As an optimal dose for practical use, a dose of 1.0 g per head can be recommended, which provides maximum performance relative to control and dose constraints. Boundary doses provide an increase in performance relative to control, but are not economically feasible.

Table 5.
The effect of various antioxidants on the state of immunobiochemical homeostasis of cows Indicators (sodium selenite + tetravite + succinic and ascorbic acid) Groups of cows 1st, n = 10 goal (sodium selenite + tetravite) 2nd, n = 10 goal 3rd, n = 10 goal 4th, n = 10 goal sodium selenite + tetravite + succinic and ascorbic acid, dose g per head 0.5 1,0 1,5 M ± m ± in% M ± m ± in% M ± m ± in% M ± m ± in% Hemoglobin, g / l

+10.0

+23.7

+26.6

+26.4 Red blood cells, 10 ¹² / l

+10.4

+20.0

+31.9

+1.9 Total protein of blood serum, g \ l

+8.0

+14.2

+19.0

+19.0 Immunoglobulins, g / l

+14.0

+21.2

+26.0

+26.4 Glucose, mol / L

+14.3

+20.7

+26.3

+26.8 Total lipids, g / l

-12.2

-13.7

-18.8

+4.2 Total cholesterol, mmol / l

-19.9

-35.0

-47.4

-50.0 Lysozyme activity,%

+17.7

+27.3

+33.3

+32.4 Bactericidal activity,%

+ 13.9

+20.8

+26.5

+26.9 Phagocytic activity of neutrophils,%

+8.0

+25.0

+35.4

+30.0 Note: in the numerator - indicators 20-25 days before calving
in the denominator - indicators for 2-3 days after calving

Example 3. The effectiveness of the claimed method was determined in comparison with known methods: analogous methods (sodium selenite + tetravit, sodium selenite + tetravit + succinic acid) and the basic method (pharmacoprophylaxis using the scheme: tetravit + oxytocin + sinestrol) on 4 groups of deep-cows formed by the principle of analogues in the winter-stable period. All animals were kept under identical conditions on a similar diet. After a course of prophylaxis, cows were kept under clinical observation, taking into account the nature of the course of the prenatal period, childbirth and the postpartum period, incidence, terms of genital involution, the number of inseminated and fertilized of them, periods from calving to fertilization, and duration of infertility. The results are presented in table 6.

Table 6.
Cow Infertility Prevention Efficiency Indicators Groups of cows 1 - analogue method 2 - prototype method 3 - basic method 4 - the claimed method Number of animals, goal. 27 32 24 34 Prevention scheme Sodium Selenite + Tetravite Sodium Selenite + Tetravite + Succinic Acid Tetravit + Oxytocin + Sinestrol Sodium selenite + tetravite + succinic and ascorbic acid (1: 1) Cows became ill (endometritis + uterine subinvolution), goal. 16 eleven fifteen 3 Preventive efficacy,% 40.7 65.6 37.5 91.2 Dates of uterine involution, days 34.2 ± 4.4 32.7 ± 2.5 35.1 ± 3.5 28.5 ± 3.0 Inseminated cows, goal. 25 31 twenty 32 Fertilized, goal. (%) 22 (88) 28 (90.3) 17 (85) 31 (96.8) The period from calving to fertilization, days 92.3 ± 6.7 86.0 ± 2.9 99.7 ± 9.2 77.3 ± 3.0 The duration of infertility, days 62.3 ± 6.0 53.0 ± 3.0 69.7 ± 6.8 47.3 ± 1.3

As can be seen from table 6, the claimed method provided a significant increase in comparison with the known methods, an increase in the main indicators, comparable with the prototype method.

The data obtained confirmed the feasibility of the method and the achievement of a technical result - the prevention of infertility in cows by introducing into the scheme, including the combined use of sodium selenite, tetravite and succinic and ascorbic acids. The proposed combination of antioxidants provided a sharp decrease in the level of toxic lipid peroxidation products and, as a result, increased activity of the AOD system and natural resistance. Increasing the level of resistance in basic indicators to the physiological norm has created the necessary basis for effective therapeutic and prophylactic protection of cows. The high efficiency of the method obtained in adverse conditions, the simplicity of its implementation and profitability allow us to recommend the application of the method in farms of various forms of ownership.

Information sources

1. Urazaev N.A. Biogeocenotic pathology and its significance for the diagnosis and prevention of diseases of animal populations // Scientific notes / Kazan Vet. institute - 1975, t. 120, p. 3-10.

2. Shakhov A.G., Buzlama B.C., Samokhin V.T. Ecological and adaptation strategy to protect the health and productivity of animals in modern conditions. Voronezh, 2001, p. 3-4.

3. Ryabov N.I., Gorbunov A.S. Metabolic disorders and obstetric-gynecological pathology in cows // Problems of diagnosis, therapy and prevention of non-communicable diseases of farm animals in industrial animal husbandry: Abstract. doc. All-Union. scientific conf. Oct 28-30 1986. - Voronezh, part 2, p. 53.

4. Kondratiev Yu.N., Abroskina L.S., Shushlebin V.I., Timokhin G.N. Micronutrient deficiency in feed of the Central Black Earth zone as a factor in the occurrence of non-communicable diseases of animals and birds // Sat. scientific tr Biologically active substances in the prevention and treatment of non-communicable animal diseases. - Voronezh, 1988, pp. 24-28.

5. Karamyshev V.A., Cheremisinov G.A., Karymov V.N., Bykova S.V. Violation of the ecological balance of the body and the environment - the basis for reducing animal reproduction // Ecological problems in veterinary medicine: Abstracts. doc. All-Union. scientific conf. October 25-27, 1989 .-- M., 1989, p. 78-80.

6. Chervyakov D.K., Evdokimov P.D., Vishker V.C. Medicines in veterinary medicine. M .: Kolos, 1977, p. 290-338.

7. Theory and practice of the use of biologically active substances in animal husbandry, Kirov, October 6-7, 1998: Abstracts. doc. scientific conf. Kirov, 1998, 98 s.

8. Sokolov V.D. Pharmacology, 2nd ed., Revised and supplemented. M .: Kolos, 2000, p. 360-361.

9. RU 2201237 C2, 2003.03.27.

10. RU 2212888 C2, 2003.09.07.

11. Emelina N.T. et al. Vitamins in feeding farm animals and poultry. M .: Kolos, 1980.

12. Savrasov DA, Experience in the study of ganasupervitis with malnutrition of newborn calves // Veterinary pathology. - 2003. - No. 2, - p. 43.

13. Guidelines for the diagnosis, therapy and prevention of diseases of the reproductive organs. M., 2000, - 39 p. - analogue.

14. Kosorlukova Z.Ya., Zotkin G.V., Gorchakov V.V., Dengub I.V., Razuvaev S.A. Normalization of immunobiochemical homeostasis of cows in the prenatal and postpartum periods // Free radicals, antioxidants and animal health: Materials of the international scientific-industrial conference 21-23 Sept. 2004 - Voronezh, 2004, p.213-215, - prototype.

Claims (1)

A method for the prevention of infertility in cows, including the use of sodium selenite, tetravite and succinic acid, characterized in that sodium selenite in the form of a 0.5% solution in a dose of 10 ml is administered intramuscularly once 20-25 days before calving; tetravit is administered in a dose of 10 ml twice before and twice after calving with an interval of 10 days, succinic acid in a mixture with ascorbic acid in a ratio of 1: 1 is administered daily for 20-25 days before and after calving, based on the mixture per head 0.5 -1.5 g.