RU2276622C2 - Line for utilizing lead-acid cells - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: utilization engineering.

SUBSTANCE: line comprises article receiver for preliminary disintegrating the article and draining acid, mechanism for transporting the disintegrated articles to the grinder made of a transporter with article separators made of a magnetic steel, grinder, and plant for hydrodynamic separation of the fraction of the article to be utilized made of washing chamber with nozzles for supplying washing fluid under pressure, and grate-vibration transporter that is secured to the frame, separates the lead paste from the solid inclusions, and moves the latters. The article receiver is made of a funnel-shaped hopper with converging throat that receives rotating saw disks mounted at a distance one from the other and from the walls of the throat, which is less than the minimum size of the article. The shaft and drive of the disks are mounted outside of the throat. The mechanisms for transporting the articles to the grinder made of a granulator is provided with vibration loader that moves the articles to the transporter and separates the members made of magnetic steels. The plant for the hydrodynamic separation mounted on the frame of the grate is additionally provided with the chute inclined to the side and the table inclined to the top and to the side. The chute and table are interconnected through the common vibration actuator. The table is provided with washing chamber and parallel planks secured longitudinally and defining ducts for transporting heavy fractions for permitting separation of light fractions at the inlet of the ducts with the use of fluid jets from the nozzles to the tank for water separation. The lead is removed at the end of the ducts by means of the vibration transport to the collector of pure metal. The tank is provided with the mechanism for removing floating light fractions to one tank, and the sinking light fractions, to the other.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency and improved environmental protection.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a relatively new field of technology - methods and devices for the disposal of industrial products in general and waste products such as a battery in particular.

Utilization of the products of human activity is becoming an increasing problem of modern life for the following main reasons. The first is the desire to reuse their constituent materials; the second is the deteriorating environmental situation on the planet, which is gradually clogged with all kinds of waste, including scrap batteries and similar products.

The battery is an inevitable and short-lived part of modern cars with an internal combustion engine. The number of these batteries is several times greater than the fleet and amounts to tens of millions of units in Russia alone. In addition to automotive, there are many industrial batteries, the total mass of which is slightly less than the total mass of automobile. Thus, battery recycling is a global problem and many countries need such equipment.

It should be noted that, by the type of electrolyte, batteries are acidic - most of them are alkaline. The methods and systems of disposal for them are very different, so we emphasize that the discussion below will only be about acid batteries.

A battery is a product with a complex composition: it contains both metal components (lead, its oxides, steel, etc.) and non-metallic (external plastic cases, acid inside, etc.). And during disposal, dismemberment into components is the main technical task.

A known line for the disposal of products such as an acid battery, including a receiver of products for preliminary destruction with acid drainage, a mechanism for transporting destroyed products to a crusher in the form of a conveyor with a separator of items made of magnetic steels, a crusher and a unit for hydrodynamic separation of fractions of the utilized product in the form of a washing chamber with nozzles for supplying washing liquid under pressure, mounted on the frame of a sieve - vibratory conveyor for separating lead paste from solid inclusions and alternating The buildings of the latter (see SciTecLibrary, “A plant based on an integrated CX system for processing 20,000 tons per year of lead-acid storage batteries,” published April 17, 2002), which is the closest analogue to the proposed line in terms of the combination of features and purpose and is accepted in as a prototype.

The receiver of products for preliminary destruction of products with acid drainage is a deep hole into which the scrap of acid batteries brought by vehicles is dumped from a height of 5-6 m, which makes them broken, and the acid flows down a sloping bottom of the hole into a special tank. But, despite a considerable drop height and a large mass of dumped products, some of the batteries are not destroyed (especially if they are few or fall last), which complicates the subsequent process. To get into the crusher, products pass through an intermediate receiver and a number of transportation mechanisms with the separation of objects from magnetic steel. Equally complex is the installation for hydrodynamic separation, which consists of a significant number of sequentially placed devices, tanks and transmission mechanisms. All of the above are the disadvantages of the described prototype line.

The purpose of this invention is the creation of a line for the disposal of products such as an acid battery, which would guarantee 100% destruction of the products, was compact, simple in design, cheaper to manufacture, more reliable in operation and gave high-quality products.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the receiver of products for preliminary destruction is made in the form of a funnel-shaped hopper with a narrowing neck, in which there are rotating saw blades mounted from each other and from the walls of the neck at distances smaller than the smallest overall size of the product, while the shaft and drive of the disks placed outside the neck, and the mechanism for transporting products to the crusher, made in the form of a granulator, is equipped with a vibration unloader, transferring the products to the conveyor with a separator items of magnetic steels, while in the installation for hydrodynamic separation on a sieve frame, a side inclined tray and an inclined up and side table with sides connected by one common vibro drive are installed, the table being made with a washing chamber and parallel strips fixed longitudinally and forming corridors for heavy traffic fractions, with the possibility of separating light fractions at the beginning of the corridors using jets of liquid from nozzles into a water separation tank installed from the front of the unit, as well as with the possibility of dropping lead into the end of the corridors by vibrotransport into a collection of pure metal, the tank is equipped with mechanisms that remove floating light fractions in one tank, sinking light fractions in another.

Line parts that interact with acid or washing solution are made of resistant materials or provided with resistant coatings.

In the line, the hopper is made with a vertical receiving window closed by a flexible curtain, which is loaded with products that are folded inside the hopper, and is equipped with a suction device in the upper part that removes dust and gases through a filter system, and each saw blade in the hopper is made in the form of a round plate having the rim of the sample, forming sharp angles with a tangent to the disk.

In the line, the distant ends of the parallel slats are rounded and mounted at different distances from the entrance to the table, the distance from the entrance to the table to the far end of the strip increases as the horizontal level of the bracket on the table decreases, while between the lower side of the table and the far end of the lowest bracket a shutter for blocking the movement of light fractions, and nozzles in the washing chambers are arranged in several rows along and across the direction of movement of the fractions, with the possibility of adjusting the angle of the direction of the jets, and ibroprivod frame is provided with a variator for adjusting the oscillation frequency and the eccentric mechanism for adjusting the oscillation amplitude, and a sieve tray, a table separately provided with, for example, a screw mechanism for adjusting the inclination angles in two planes.

The claimed line is schematically depicted in figures 1-5:

figure 1 - schematic diagram of the line (frontal General view);

figure 2 (figure 1) - a break A along the rim of the saw blade;

figure 3, 4, 5 is a diagram of a component of the installation line for hydrodynamic separation and its docking with a granulator, made on a larger scale;

figure 3 is a front view;

figure 4 is a top view B (figure 3);

5 is a view In the right (figure 1).

The composition of the line (Fig. 1) is as follows: a receiver 1 of articles for preliminary destruction of batteries, a tank 2 for collecting acid, a vibration unloader 3 for dosed unloading of destroyed products, a conveyor 4 for moving them to crushing, having an object separator from magnetic steels in a container 5, a crusher 6, made in the form of a granulator, a unit 7 for hydrodynamic separation of fractions of the utilized product, a tank 8 for collecting lead paste.

The receiver 1 of the products is made in the form of a funnel-shaped hopper with a receiving window and a tapering neck, in which there are rotating saw blades 9 - Fig. 2 (for example, thin disk cutters) mounted from each other and from the walls of the neck at distances “a” smaller than the smallest overall size of the product. The shaft and disk drive are located outside the neck. Each saw blade is made in the form of a round plate having samples “c” equally spaced along the rim, forming sharp angles with a tangent to the disk (this embodiment allows using the disk after wearing sharp corners on one side of the samples “b”, removing the disk from the shaft and again putting on the other end).

Depending on the type of transport that supplies the batteries to receiver 1, its receiving window can be either horizontal (when loading vertically with a crane, hoist, etc.), or vertical (when feeding along an inclined one - with a conveyor, conveyor, etc. .), or inclined (for any type of serving transport). From an environmental point of view, it is safer than others vertical reception window (shown in figure 1), because it can be closed with a flexible curtain (for example, from rubber bands), which is folded into the hopper by the loaded products themselves, and in the upper part of the receiver 1, a suction device (for example, a fan) can be removed to remove dust and gases from the receiver through a filter system.

Tank 2 - a collection of acid - placed under the neck. In the space between the neck of the receiver 1 and the tank 2, the initial part of the vibro-unloader 3 is introduced, which receives the destroyed batteries falling on it and carries them outside the receiver.

The device 3 transfers the products to the conveyor 4, the purpose of which is not only to deliver them to the granulator 6, but also to isolate objects from magnetic steels from the stream and remove them into the container 5, which is carried out by a magnetic separator.

Granulator 6 is used to grind products into pieces - granules, the sizes of which do not exceed the values given and certain machine designs.

The installation 7 is intended to first separate the lead paste from the mass leaving the granulator 6, and then divide the remaining solid fractions into separate components. To simplify the mass from the granulator 6 to the installation 7, the receiving window of the latter is located directly under the rotor of the granulator, but the main part is outside. Detachable lead paste falls into tank 8.

Installation 7 (Figs. 3, 4, 5) contains a platform 10 and a movable frame 11 mounted on it with a vibrodrive in the form of an electric motor 12, a variator 13 for adjusting the oscillation frequency and an eccentric mechanism 14 for adjusting the oscillation amplitude. A sieve 15, a tray 16 and a table 17, two washing chambers 18 and 19 closed by casings, with nozzles 20 for supplying washing liquid under pressure along the longitudinal pipes 21 and transverse 22, are mounted on the frame 11 in succession. The sieve 15, tray 16, table 17 are separately equipped with regulators , for example, screw 23, tilt angles in two projections. The sieve 15 is used to separate solid fractions and liquid lead paste, which seeps through the openings of the sieve 15 into the tank 8. The working surface of the sieve 15 is horizontal or inclined at an angle of 2 ° in any direction. Tray 16 is tilted sideways at an angle of up to 5 °. Table 17 with sides is inclined sideways and upward, parallel strips 24 (8-10 pieces) are longitudinally located on its surface, along the corridors “k” between which solid fractions move under the influence of vibration (this is vibrotransport). The distal ends of the strips 24 are rounded and attached at different distances from the entrance to the table 17 - the distance “P” from the entrance to the table 17 to the far end of the strip 24 increases as the horizontal level of the arrangement of the strip 24 on the table 17 decreases, and between the lower side and the far end the lowermost bar installed shutter 25, blocking the movement of light fractions along the lowest corridor. The nozzles 20 in the chambers 18 and 19 are arranged in several rows (for simplification, FIGS. 3 and 4 show the nozzles 20 in one row) along (along the longitudinal pipelines 21) and across (along the transverse 22) directions of motion of the fractions, directing the jets under different adjustable corners.

In the right view (Fig. 1), a water separation tank 26 is located (Fig. 5), equipped with mechanisms for removing light fractions (mechanism 27) and heavy fractions (mechanism 28), as well as containers for them (containers may be in the form of a dump truck body) and for lead.

As washing liquid, recirculated water and a solution of a special composition are used.

Line parts that interact with acid or washing solution are made of resistant materials or provided with resistant coatings.

To protect the service personnel of the line, work areas with the greatest number of harmful vapors and gases are closed, sealed and equipped with suction devices in it. Such areas include a receiver 1, a tank 2 with acid, a vibration unloader 3, a conveyor 4, a granulator 6, a tank 8 with paste.

The line works as follows.

Pre-include drives of all mechanisms, devices and equipment of the line.

Recycled scrap of products such as an acid battery is loaded into the receiver 1, where the products fall on continuously rotating saw blades, are captured by them, drawn into the neck and, passing it, are cut by disks. Destroyed batteries fall on the vibrating unloader 3, which transfers them to the conveyor 4, delivering the products to the granulator 6. Numerous openings or grids in the supporting elements of the device 3 provide unimpeded drainage of acid into the tank 2. The magnetic separator of the conveyor 4 separates objects from magnetic steels and dumps them into a container 5.

In the granulator 6, the batteries are crushed, the crushed mass of granules falls into the receiving window of the installation 7, where, under the influence of the washing liquid, the lead paste is separated into the tank 8.

The granules are washed on all sides on a sieve 15, through the openings of which the paste goes into the tank. Numerous solid fractions remain on sieve 15 by vibrotransport and move to a sidewardly inclined tray 16, along which they slide under their own weight towards the slope (as shown in figure 4 by arched arrows) to the lower side, with the heavy lead fractions being lower and the rest light - on top.

The same vibrotransport delivers all solid fractions to the table 17, where they are also exposed to jets of liquid. Under such a double effect (vibrotransport and jets), heavy fractions move along the corridors between the slats 24.

Due to the large windage, light fractions (their specific gravity is close to the specific gravity of water) are removed by jets of liquid into a tank 26 with water. Those fractions that are lighter than water (polypropylene) float on the surface, those that are slightly heavier than it (polyvinyl chloride) drown. The tank 26 is equipped with mechanisms 27 and 28 such as scrapers or screws that remove floating light fractions in one tank, and sinking in another.

Since heavy fractions have little windage, they are not carried away by the jets of washing liquid: having a greater mass and kinetic energy, they continue to move around the table by vibratory transport and are removed to a collection of pure metal (lead).

The process of disposal of products such as an acid battery in the proposed line is very productive, environmentally friendly and gives high quality products.

Voronezh Scientific-Production Enterprise "NPP - IRIS" developed working drawings of the line model KRAB. A prototype was made, showing excellent test results. Currently, NPP-IRIS conducts serial production of lines in Voronezh.

Recycling the components of acid batteries and similar products will bring tangible benefits to the country's economy and improve the environmental situation.

Claims (4)

1. A line for the disposal of products such as an acid accumulator, including a receiver for products for preliminary destruction with acid drainage, a mechanism for transporting destroyed products to a crusher in the form of a conveyor with a separator of items made of magnetic steel, a crusher and a unit for hydrodynamic separation of fractions of the utilized product in the form of a washing chamber with nozzles for supplying washing liquid under pressure, mounted on the frame of a vibrating screen sieve to separate lead paste from solid inclusions and move the latter, characterized in that the receiver of products for preliminary destruction is made in the form of a funnel-shaped hopper with a tapering neck, in which there are rotating saw blades mounted from each other and from the walls of the neck at distances smaller than the smallest overall dimensions of the product, with the shaft and drive drives placed outside the neck, and the mechanism for transporting products to the crusher, made in the form of a granulator, is equipped with a vibration unloader, transferring the products to the conveyor with a separator of magnetic steels, while in the installation for hydrodynamic separation on the sieve frame, an additional side-inclined tray and a side-inclined table with sides connected by one common vibro drive are additionally installed, the table being made with a washing chamber and parallel bars fixed longitudinally and forming corridors for movement heavy fractions, with the possibility of separating light fractions at the beginning of the corridors using jets of liquid from nozzles into a water separation tank, installed from the front of the unit, as well as with rasyvaniya lead at the end of vibrotransportom corridors in the collection of pure metal tank provided with a mechanism, remove floating light fractions in a single container, sinking light fractions - to another. 2. The line according to claim 1, characterized in that the parts interacting with an acid or washing solution are made of resistant materials or provided with resistant coatings. 3. The line according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hopper is made with a vertical receiving window, closed by a flexible curtain, reclining loadable products inside the hopper, and equipped with a suction device in the upper part that removes dust and gases through a filter system, and each one the disk in the hopper is made in the form of a round plate having samples equally spaced along the rim, forming sharp angles with a tangent to the disk. 4. The line according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the distal ends of the parallel planks are rounded and mounted at different distances from the entrance to the table, the distance from the entrance to the table to the far end of the plank increases with decreasing horizontal level of the plank on the table, at the same time, a shutter is installed between the lower side of the table and the far end of the lowermost bar to block the movement of light fractions, and the nozzles in the washing chambers are arranged in several rows along and across the direction of movement of the fractions, with the possibility of adjustment I of the angle of the direction of the jets, and the frame’s vibrodrive is equipped with a variator for adjusting the oscillation frequency and an eccentric mechanism for adjusting the oscillation amplitude, and the sieve, tray and table are separately equipped, for example, with screw mechanisms for adjusting the tilt angles in two planes.

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