RU2272993C1 - Device for determining shifts of mountain rock or elements of building constructions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engineering of measuring equipment, possible use for diagnosis and control of status of contour-adjacent massif or anchoring support structure.

SUBSTANCE: device has controlling reference marks, each one of which is rigidly held on one end of its control-rod, connecting reference mark to device for measuring its shift, control-rods are made in form of resilient rods, at ends of which, opposite to holding of reference mark, magnetic ducts are mounted, while each magnetic duct is mounted with possible free reciprocal movement along axis of its inductiveness coil, positioned in the body of reference marks shifts measuring device, including several inductiveness coils, as many of them as of reference marks. Output of device for measuring shift of reference marks is connected to block for gathering and processing information. signal from block for gathering and processing information is outputted in digital form which makes it possible to connect device directly to computer network. To expand functional capabilities of device, in particular, possible automation of measuring process, and also enabling of offered device into existing control system, output of block for gathering and processing information is made with possible connection both to autonomous information accumulator and to automated system for controlling control processes.

EFFECT: expanded functional capabilities of device.

13 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to measuring equipment, in particular to devices for determining and recording displacements (shifts) of rock layers, elements of civil engineering structures. It is possible to use the invention in the mining industry for diagnosing and monitoring the state of the near-mass array and anchor support, including as part of an automated system for remote monitoring of workings.

State of the art

A device for observing the movement of rocks using deep benchmarks (see copyright certificate for the invention No. 859815, IPC G 01 C 15/04, publ. 30.08.81, Bull. No. 32), containing installed in one well on different levels of benchmarks connected by means of tensioned wires with a reading scale. The device allows you to obtain information about the state of several layers of the well at the same time, however, direct visual observation on a reading scale requires the direct presence of the operator, in addition, the aerial part of the device is a bulky metal structure.

A device is known for determining the deformation of a rock mass (see patent for invention No. 2193658, IPC E 21 C 39/00, publ. 11.27.2002), containing a reference frame with a rod with a thrust washer at the end, against which the rod of the reed switch linear movements of the control benchmark. To monitor the state of several layers of the array in the well at the same time place several control benchmarks with sensors, abutting them one against the other. The device is more compact, while the presence of a remote display unit of information being removed allows you to increase the efficiency of control and the safety of related work. However, this is an indicator device that allows you to determine only the critical values of the deformation and does not allow continuous measurements.

The closest in technical essence is a device for monitoring the condition of rocks (see copyright certificate for the invention No. 1373812, IPC E 21 C 39/00, publ. 15.02.88, bull. No. 6), including the benchmarks installed in the hole, connected between each other by a rod (rod), on which a reference meter displacement meter is fixed, the output of which is connected to the input of the signal conversion unit and further to the blocks of sampling and storing, controlling, comparing, computing, scaling, determining critical readings and signaling. The presence of information processing units in the device, including the conversion of analog signals coming from the displacement meter into digital form, improves the quality of measurements. The lack of a control device for A.S. No. 1373812 consists in the absence of information about the state of the intermediate layers between the control benchmarks of the well, which does not allow us to identify the distribution of the maximums of the delamination of the production circuit, justify a rational choice of the length of the anchor and its fixation, and to conduct a more accurate analysis of the state of the layers of the array.

Disclosure of invention

The claimed invention solves the problem of expanding the capabilities of the device, increasing the volume and quality of the information obtained by increasing the number of control points (benchmarks) located in one well and ensuring the continuity of reading.

The problem is solved in that in the device for determining the displacements of rock layers or elements of civil engineering structures, including benchmarks, traction connecting the benchmark with a meter for its displacement, the output of which is connected to the input of the unit for recording and processing information, including the conversion of signals into digital form , according to the claimed invention, each benchmark is rigidly fixed to its rod, made in the form of an elastic rod, at one end thereof, while a magnetic circuit mounted with POSSIBILITY free reciprocating movement of the coil axis displacement meter disposed in the housing frames, comprising several number of frames, inductors.

Unlike the prototype, in which a rigid metal rod - rod is used as a rod, in the claimed solution, the rod is made in the form of an elastic rod. When the layer (element) in which the benchmark is shifted is displaced, the end of the rod is moved by a similar amount to which the specified benchmark is fixed. Through the body of the traction, mechanical movement is transmitted to the magnetic circuit. When moving the magnetic circuit along the longitudinal axis of the coil, a smooth change in the magnetic field inside the latter occurs, and consequently, the inductance of the coil, according to the readings of which the location of the reference is determined.

The above set of features, including the design of the connection of deep benchmarks with their inductive linear displacement sensors, allows to obtain a new technical result, namely, to ensure accurate and independent transmission of the mechanical displacement of each benchmark to their measuring sensors with multiple installation of benchmarks in the well without the use of additional devices in conditions of well straightness. At the same time, the thrust ensures the transfer of mechanical movements of the benchmarks to the sensors equally well in both directions along the axis of the thrust rod, regardless of the type of position of the well in which the thrust is placed (horizontally, vertically down or up), which is impossible when using cable or flexible wire rods.

In practice, it is difficult, almost impossible, when installing benchmarks to maintain their straightforward location. When preparing a well or hole in which the benchmarks are installed, the drill deviates from the perpendicular line due to soil resistance. Usually, a well-stepped and curved at the end is obtained. Known solutions in which a lot of control benchmarks are placed in the well, for example, a.s. No. 859815, however, for their connection with the measuring element located near the surface, flexible rods are used - wires that take the form of well space and do not interfere with each other in the transfer of mechanical movements of the benchmarks. However, to ensure the mentioned transmission, special wire tensioning devices are required, since the latter have great flexibility and are unable to transfer the load independently.

In the decision on patent No. 2193658, the installation of several benchmarks is also possible. However, they abut against each other by means of rigid rods of sensors that operate when the displacement reaches a critical value, while the design of the device does not allow independent quantitative measurements at each point.

Rigid traction independently provide accurate transmission of the movements of the benchmarks fixed on them, however, they have limited application, for example, the A.S. solution No. 1373812. Usually they connect only two reference points: control and basic, concerning which measurement of movement of control is carried out. When installing several rigid rods in the well, it is possible to jam the device due to bends, long lengths and small diameters of the wells.

In the claimed solution, with the multiple installation of benchmarks, the thrusts are longitudinally placed in the space of the well, repeating its bends, and at the same time do not interfere with each other in the transfer of movements, and the elasticity of the rod of each thrust allows you to transfer mechanical movement from one end to the other despite it (the rod) bends. Moreover, the specified transmission is carried out only by means of rods without the use of any additional devices. At the same time, the independence of each connection is ensured: a reference - traction, a magnetic circuit - an inductor from each other, which allows you to simultaneously determine the position of all installed frames.

The device also provides the ability to continuously obtain information about the position of the benchmark, because at any moment of time, the inductance of the coil is determined, which corresponds to only one position of the magnetic circuit, making unhindered movement in cases of shifting the frame.

By combining several sensors (inductors) in one displacement meter housing, the device is compact and easy to install and operate.

Analysis of information sources allows us to conclude that the proposed device meets the signs of "novelty" and "inventive step".

The signal from the block for the collection and processing of information is issued in digital form, which allows you to connect the device directly to a computer network. In order to expand the capabilities of the device, namely, the possibility of automating the measurement process, as well as incorporating the proposed device into an existing monitoring system, the output of the data acquisition and processing unit is configured to connect to an autonomous information storage device as well as to an automated monitoring process control system, including central computer. For example, the output may be in the form of a unified electrical connector.

Modern technologies make it possible to implement a block of information collection and processing based on LSI, for example, based on a microprocessor.

It is preferable to place the block for the removal and processing of information in the body volume of the displacement meter, which simplifies the device, increases its manufacturability and operational reliability.

When conducting in-depth measurements and installing the device in the well, the meter with the information acquisition and processing unit is usually located outside the well, however, in order to ensure the safety of the device, it can be placed in the well volume.

As a material for the manufacture of rods, it is preferable to use materials reinforced with high-strength continuous fibers, i.e. fibrous composite materials that provide, through a combination of the proportions of the constituent materials, the required strength and the necessary modulus of elasticity.

In the particular case of the traction, they are made of hardened fiberglass in the form of a cylindrical rod with a diameter of 3-4 mm, which has increased strength and reliability. With a very small diameter, this material allows you to get a fairly rigid rod that can withstand the application of a large load and at the same time light and elastic, which allows you to produce a rod in the form of a single rod and fold the long rod into a ring during transportation. Thus, the use of hardened rod fiberglass for the manufacture of rods significantly increases the manufacturability of the device and its installation in the well. In addition, the draft material burns poorly and is slightly sensitive to environmental influences in the temperature range from -40 to +120 degrees Celsius.

It is advisable to place the inductors in the through parallel grooves of the housing of the displacement meter. In this case, the magnetic cores made in the form of ferramagnetic rods, which are a continuation of the rods, have the possibility of free unlimited movement along the axis of the inductor with the exit outside the housing. This solution is aimed at improving the reliability of the device, increasing the visibility of the perception of information and allows you to visually determine the offset value of benchmarks in cases of unexpected large displacements of the layers that exceed the allowable range of sensors, or, for example, in cases of failure of the electronic part of the device or automated system. In these cases, color indicators or a reference scale are applied to the ferramagnetic rods.

The device allows, depending on technological tasks, the choice of a base zero reference point. As a "base" can be taken any of the benchmarks, as well as a meter body rigidly fixed to the well. The choice is made by the user.

In the particular case of the implementation of the device, the meter body can be fixed in the well by means of its set of tie-rappers (direct measurement). However, this solution does not provide high measurement accuracy.

In another case of the implementation of the device, the meter housing can be rigidly fixed by means of one of the magnetic circuits fixedly mounted in it.

This solution allows for a differential measurement method, which provides higher measurement accuracy than with the direct method.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The essence of the proposed device is illustrated by drawings:

figure 1 presents the layout of the device in the control well;

figure 2 - cross section aa in figure 1, shows the relative position of the magnetic cores, inductors, the placement of the unit for the removal and processing of information in the housing of the meter displacement meters.

The implementation of the invention

A device for determining the displacements of layers of a rock massif or an array of construction objects contains (see Fig. 1) spring frames 2 installed in the well 1, rods 3 with magnetic circuits 4 and a frame displacement meter 5, enclosed in a sealed cylindrical body made of dielectric material. Four cylindrical inductors 6 are located along the longitudinal axis inside the housing, the winding length of which determines the range of measured movements (in practice, the measuring range is 190% of the length of the winding) (see figure 2). Four through holes 7 are provided for installing coils in the housing. In a separate compartment inside the meter housing 5, a unit 8 for removing and processing information is mounted in the form of an electronic circuit built on the basis of a microprocessor, the input of which is connected to inductors 6.

The device can be installed both in existing wells for anchor support, and in specially prepared boreholes. Installation and preparation of the device for installation can be carried out outside the mine, outside the place of application.

The ends of the rods 3, cut from a fiberglass rod of the required length, which is determined by the user for each rod and corresponds to the installation depth in the well of the reference 2, and hence the depth of the controlled layer, are wrapped with ferromagnetic magnetic rods 4. The design of these rods is such that they are held at the ends of the rods with the necessary and sufficient effort without the use of special fasteners, due to the effect of "self-tapping screw". The length of the rods 4 exactly corresponds to the length of the windings of the coils 6. On the other ends of the rods 3 fasten spring rails 2. Assembled in a bundle of rods 3 are aligned at the edges of the magnetic cores 4, and the cylinder of the meter housing 5 is put on them, while the magnetic cores 4 and coils 6 are painted in pairs in different colors and assembled accordingly. The assembly is carried out in such a way that the cylindrical rods 4 of the magnetic circuits freely move inside the corresponding coil 6 along its axis. For the convenience of transporting the assembled device to the installation site, the beam bundle is connected and rolled into a ring. In prepared form, the device weighs about 1 kg.

The installation of the device in the well is as follows. The bundle of rods (in expanded form) is introduced into the volume of the well 1 to the desired depth, the retaining rings previously put on the reference frames 2 are removed, while the reference frames 2 are fixed inside the well 1 each in its own layer. The meter of 5 displacements of benchmarks mounted on the opposite end of the rods, also turns out to be fixed in the well on one of the sets of rod - benchmark, the magnetic circuit 4 of which is glued in the housing. (It is possible to fix by means of its set a draft-rapper included in the common “bundle.”)

Typically, the body of the meter 5 is located outside the well 1 (see figure 1). However, the housing dimensions are: length 120 mm and diameter 55 mm, which allows you to place the meter 5 offsets of benchmarks in the volume of the cavity of the well (hole) 1 with a diameter of 60 mm and above in order to ensure protection and safety of the device.

The device operates as follows. When moving the rock layer or structural element, the reference frame 2 fixed in this layer also moves. The plastic rod 3, rigidly connected with it, moves along with the reference point 2, moving the core of the magnetic circuit 4 fixed at the other end of it and located inside the sensor coil 6 .

An electronic circuit 8, located in the meter housing 5 next to the coils 6, excites electric voltage pulses in the windings of the latter and measures the rise and fall times in the windings of the coils, proportional to their inductance, the value of which, in turn, is proportional to the magnetic field inside the coil. Any position of the magnetic circuit inside the coil 6 clearly corresponds to only one value of the time the current changes in the winding. When moving the magnetic circuit 4 along the longitudinal axis of the coil 6, the magnetic field inside the coil and, accordingly, the inductance, and the time of the current change in the winding change. Based on the obtained values of time, the processor 8 of the information acquisition and processing unit calculates the position of the magnetic circuit with an accuracy of 0.1 mm according to the calibration table. Calibration tables for each coil are stored in the electronic memory of the unit. Next, block 8 performs statistical processing of measurements, taking into account the mutual influence of the windings and magnetic circuits of adjacent coils, the effects of external electromagnetic fields, and also compensates for the temperature errors of the measuring elements of the sensor. The calculated linear displacements of all magnetic circuits 4 are stored in electronic memory.

The device allows you to obtain information about the state of the array in several layers within the same well - up to four control points (benchmarks), the number of which is selected depending on the tasks facing the user. The device carries out continuous reception and registration of information within a given interval (specified by the length of the magnetic circuit 4), while the maximum amount of movement of the magnetic circuit is not limited. Only in cases when the bias of the reference 2 of the specified interval is exceeded, the value is determined by the operator through visual observation, the possibility of which is provided in the device. Thanks to the through holes 7 in the meter body 5, unlimited movement of the magnetic cores 4 and their output outside the housing are ensured, and the indicator scale 9 applied to the cores of the magnetic cores 4 allows the operator to determine the magnitude of the displacement that has occurred.

The capabilities of the device, in particular, the unit 8 for recording and processing information from the output of which a signal is generated in digital form, allows you to connect the device directly to a computer network. The output of the information collection and processing unit 8 is configured to be connected both to an autonomous information storage device and to an automated network management system that combines other array status monitoring devices.

In the first case, the proposed device provides offline operation, in which control data is accumulated in electronic memory and, as it is filled, the output of unit 8 is connected to an autonomous information storage device 10 or directly to the operator’s control panel.

In the second case, the proposed device allows you to join in an existing or newly built automated network for monitoring the state of the array, combining other control devices. The output of block 8 is connected to the controller 11 of the network (for example, MidiLAN). The data stored in electronic memory at the request of the controller 11, which periodically polls all network sensors in accordance with its program, is transmitted via a communication line to it, and then to an external computer or external drive for use by the consumer. The consumer from the control panel or from the computer keyboard sets the base (zero point) of the reference, which can be selected as any of the benchmarks 2, including the one on which the meter body 5 is fixed, based on technological tasks. The capabilities of the circuit block 8 information processing allow you to rebuild the stored data in relation to a given database. The MidiLAN network controller or external drive can be connected to the Radio modem or GSM modem, which will allow you to receive information about the status of all devices connected to the MidiLAN network at any distance from the controlled object without endangering people, equipment, and collected information. Displacement sensors (meters), power supplies, temperature sensors and other devices in an unlimited number can be connected to the MidiLAN four-wire communication line, which allows combining up to wells with the state monitoring devices of a given array in one network.

The electronic circuit 8 of the information acquisition and processing unit recognizes data exchange standards: RS-485, RS-232, which allows the use of devices in the respective data collection and processing networks. A device for determining the displacement of the layers can be installed in wells of any type: horizontal, vertical, directed both down and up.

Claims (13)

1. A device for determining the displacements of rock layers or elements of civil engineering structures, including benchmarks, traction, connecting the benchmark with a meter for its displacement, the output of which is connected to the input of the unit for removing and processing information, including the conversion of signals into digital form, characterized in that each benchmark is rigidly fixed on its rod, made in the form of an elastic rod, at one end thereof, while a magnetic circuit is mounted on the other end of the rod, mounted with the possibility of free reciprocating second movement along the axis of the coil placed in the meter housing the displacement frames comprising several number of frames, inductors. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the output of the information recording and processing unit is configured to be connected both to an autonomous information storage device and to an automated control process control system. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the unit for collecting and processing information is based on a microprocessor. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the unit for removing and processing information is located in the body of the meter measuring displacements of benchmarks. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the traction is made of fibrous composite materials. 6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the rods are made of hardened fiberglass in the form of a cylindrical rod with a diameter of 3-4 mm 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inductance coils are located in the through parallel grooves of the housing of the meter for displacement of benchmarks, while the magnetic cores are made in the form of ferromagnetic rods, which are a continuation of the rods. 8. The device according to claim 7. characterized in that an indicator scale for visual observation is applied to the ferromagnetic rods. 9. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that when installing the benchmarks in the well, the meter displacement benchmarks placed outside the well. 10. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that when installing the benchmarks in the well, the meter displacement benchmarks placed in the volume of the well. 11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that any of the benchmarks is selected as the base. 12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing of the meter of displacements of benchmarks is rigidly fixed to the well and adopted as a base reference point. 13. The device according to p. 12, characterized in that the housing of the meter of displacements of benchmarks is rigidly fixed by means of one of the magnetic circuits fixedly mounted in it.

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