RU2627503C1 - Extracted depth reference benchmark - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining engineering.

SUBSTANCE: extracted depth reference benchmark includes an estuarial tube, base and locking plugs connected to the indicators by steel cables. In this case, the estuarial tube is made of galvanized spring material along the diameter of hole, has a slot for its easy insertion into hole, protrudes on the 50-70 mm from hole to the level of fixing the worked out space in light and is the reference point for roof displacement for base and locking indicators. Base and locking plugs are made of spring wire, rolled up in the form of spirals with diameter D=8-10 mm with diluted ends of length L=12-14 mm at an angle α=145-155°, directed into the depth of hole. At the same time, the carrier steel cables of displacement indicators are pivotally mounted on the lower part of the spirals, keeping them on weight; and on the upper part ropes for extracting the plug from hole are mounted, the lower ends of which are fixed on corresponding displacement indicators diametrically opposite to the carrier cables, and have different colours. Displacement indicators are performed from the tubes entering into each other in the sequence of open-casts arrangement, have measuring scales, and, at the ends, openings for releasing and securing ends of cables and adjusting the position of indicator relative to estuarial tube.

EFFECT: simplification of measurements and design of reference benchmark and possibility of its reuse.

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Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used to monitor the condition of the rocks of the roof of the mine workings.

A well-known benchmark [1], which contains a rod and a spacer assembly mounted on it, consisting of two bushings, each of which is made in the form of two half-sleeves, interconnected by means of an end splined connection, a spring between the bushings and two wedging elements. The bushings, the spring and the proppant elements are mounted on the axis, the latter with the possibility of axial movement relative to each other and one of the proppant elements is rigidly connected to the axis.

The bore benchmark has limited use and can only be used in one specific place when measuring the deformation of a rock mass and is set to a depth of not more than the height of the mine, but is not removed.

Known benchmark [2], which includes a distance rod fixed at one end in the roof of the mine and screwing onto the other end of the distance rod the head of the frame, the free end of which is made with the possibility of installing a leveling rail or ruler on it. The remote rod is placed inside a metal tubular telescopic element, the outer tube of which is attached from the opposite ends to the reinforced concrete tubing in the lock of the assembled tunnel lining ring, the inner tube of the telescopic element is placed inside the rubber tube inserted inside the outer one, and turnkey grooves are made in the screw cap and the remote rod . The invention allows to determine the displacement of rocks.

A disadvantage of the described device for indicating displacements of the rock mass is the impossibility of measuring the displacements of the rock mass when the space between the tubing support and the production circuit is filled with concrete solution after installing the ring from the tubing, while ensuring the sealing of the tubing space both during the period of concrete strength gain and during operating output, the device is not removable.

A known method of monitoring the status of mine workings [3], which includes periodic time measurements of displacements of the near-edge rocks in a controlled area of the mine using measuring elements in the form of measuring points deposited on the surface along the contour of the mine working relative to the base element, fixing the results obtained during the first measurement and using them as reference values for the reference displacement of rocks relative to the base element in subsequent measurements, determining the magnitude and Lenia displacement metering points in the time interval between the measurements and judgment on them about the state of rocks around the marginal production. As a basic element in a mine in the direct line of sight of all controlled measuring points, a reference point is set and the coordinates of its installation are fixed. A laser beam generator is fixed on the bench, the laser beam of which is initially oriented in a horizontal plane along the mine working and fix its position. Then measure the angle of inclination of the laser beam and combine it with the measuring point, measure the length of the laser beam and the angle of its inclination to a fixed position and use them as control observations in subsequent measurements. If there is a discrepancy between the results and the control measurements, the magnitude and direction of the displacement of the measuring point for the time interval between measurements are determined.

The disadvantages of the method are the complexity and high cost of monitoring the status of the mine workings, as well as its use only when measuring the deformation of the near-edge rock mass only in the straight sections of the workings.

A device for determining the displacement of rocks in the faces and workings [4], which contains two reference points, on the first mounted angular displacement sensor connected to the unit, and a controller connected to the angular displacement sensor by an electric cable. The block is covered by a flexible rod connected to the second bench with one end by means of an elastic connection and the other by means of an adjusting device.

The device has a complex design, which leads to its low reliability and limited range of application (to increase the range of application, additional costs are required in the manufacture of the sensor in a thermostated housing).

A device for determining deformations of a rock mass [5], which contains a reference benchmark, a basic benchmark, a linear displacement sensor and an associated display unit, the linear displacement sensor is made in the form of a housing with a reed switch and a permanent magnet placed in it. The basic benchmark is equipped with a rod with a thrust washer rigidly fixed to it. A linear displacement sensor with a mounting element is installed on the reference frame, the lower part of which is made in the form of a permanent magnet, and the other part is in the form of a non-magnetic rod. In this case, the installation element is mounted with the possibility of axial movement along the housing until it contacts the thrust washer. The reed switch is stationary in a plane parallel to the mounting element, with the possibility of exposure to its contacts with a magnetic field of a permanent magnet. The mounting element can be spring-loaded on the side of the permanent magnet and calibrated for a given amount of deformation. The linear displacement sensor can be connected to the display unit by electric wires.

The device has drawbacks in that the contact group, which acts as the primary sensor of the converter, has relatively low accuracy and reliability, the device is not removable.

A device is known for determining the displacements of rock layers or elements of civil engineering structures [6], which contains control frames, each of which is rigidly fixed at one end of its rod connecting the frame with its displacement meter, the rod is made in the form of elastic rods at the ends of which, opposite to the fixing of the frame, the magnetic cores are mounted, while each magnetic circuit is mounted with the possibility of free reciprocating movement along the axis of its inductor placed in the housing of the meter for displacement of benchmarks, including several, according to the number of benchmarks, inductors. The output of the benchmark displacement meter is connected to the input of the information acquisition and processing unit. The signal from the block for the collection and processing of information is issued in digital form, which allows you to connect the device directly to a computer network. In order to expand the capabilities of the device, namely, the possibility of automating the measurement process, as well as incorporating the proposed device into an existing monitoring system, the output of the information recording and processing unit is performed with the possibility of connecting to an autonomous information storage device and an automated control system for controlling the monitoring processes.

The device has a high complexity and is expensive, while it can only be used to measure the deformation of the near-edge rock mass only in the straight sections of the workings.

The closest technical solution is the device for controlling the stratification of the near-edge array of mine workings [7], adopted as a prototype, including a flexible suspension mounted on a reference frame at the bottom of the well in the mountain massif, the mouth of which is fixed to a guide whose end protrudes into the mine and through which the flexible passes a suspension, the free end of which in the working is fixed on a reference indicator with colored stripes on the outer surface. The reference indicator is surrounded by a concentric control indicator placed by the end in the guide and connected by means of a flexible suspension to the control bench mounted on the anchoring horizon, the outer surface of the control indicator provided with colored stripes and linear markings, which the reference indicator is equipped with. Indicators are installed with the possibility of relative movement of the control indicator relative to the reference and guide. Colored stripes of the control and reference indicators can be made of retroreflective material. To control the depth distribution of the delamination maxima in the gaps between the reference and control reference points and the guide in the well, intermediate frames connected by flexible suspensions with intermediate indicators fixed on the suspensions with the possibility of reading their relative movement can be installed. The benchmark can be made in the form of a sleeve with an elastic mustache, to the crosshair of which the end of the flexible suspension is attached, or consist of an annular spring wound coaxially with the axis of the well, and the ends of the spring are bent in the axial plane at an acute angle to the walls of the well and supported on them.

The disadvantage of this device is the difficulty of securing it in a given place, since in many sections of the well its diameter, as practice shows, can significantly exceed the diameter of the drill, and in deviated wells, lowering the benchmark under its own weight is generally difficult. Another drawback of the rapper is the possibility of weakening its connection with the rock mass during the part-time period.

The objectives of the invention are to simplify the measurements and design of the reference station, reducing the cost of the instrument and measuring work when monitoring the condition of the rock mass and workings.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the wellhead tube is made of galvanized springy material according to the diameter of the borehole, has a slot for ease of insertion into the borehole, protrudes 50-70 mm from the borehole to the level of securing the worked out space in the light and is a reference point for the roof displacement for the base and lock indicators; and the base and locking rails are made of spring wire, rolled in the form of spirals with a diameter of D = 8-10 mm with divorced ends with a length of L = 12-14 mm at an angle α = 145-155 °, directed into the depth of the hole, while for the lower part bearing steel cables of displacement indices, which hold them in weight, are pivotally attached to the spirals, and cables are mounted hinged to the upper part to extract the benchmark from the borehole, the lower ends of which are attached to the corresponding displacement indicators diametrically opposite to the bearing tris and have different colors, different displacement speakers are made of tubes that enter into each other in the sequence of layers, have measuring scales and at the ends of the holes for the release and fastening of the ends of the cables and adjust the position of the indicator relative to the wellhead tube.

Reference station deep laying and its operation is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a section through a hole with elements of a reference station, and FIG. 2 presents benchmarks in holes with a diameter of 27-30 mm.

The following conventions are adopted in the drawings: 1 - basic benchmark, 2 - castle benchmark, 3 - castle benchmark, 4 - wellhead pipe (contour benchmark), 5, 6, 7 - cables, holding indicators, 8, 9, 10 - cables for extracting benchmarks, 11 - hole, 12, 13 - indicators of castle benchmarks, 14 - indicator of the basic benchmark, 15 - spiral of the benchmark, 16 - the divorced ends of the spiral.

When laying the extracted deep reference station, a hole 11 is drilled with a diameter of 27-30 mm, in the mouth of which a wellhead pipe 4 is installed, which is made of galvanized spring material according to the diameter of the hole, has a slot for ease of entry into the hole, is a reference point for the displacement of the roof for the base and lock indicators and protrudes from the hole at 50-70 mm, to the level of securing the worked-out space in the light; base and lock frames 1, 2, 3, connected with indicators 12, 13, 14 with steel bearing cables 5, 6, 7 with a diameter of 1 mm (thinner cables are subject to breaking of threads), pivotally mounted on the lower part of the spiral of the base and lock frames, and also with cables for extracting frames 8, 9, 10, which are pivotally mounted on the upper parts of the spirals of 15 frames, and with lower ends on the corresponding indicators diametrically opposite to the supporting cables, while the base and locking frames are made of spring wire, rolled in the form of a spiral di meter D = 8-10 mm with diluted ends with a length L = 12-14 mm at an angle α = 145-155 °, and the bearing and extracting cables have different colors; displacement indicators are made of tubes that enter into each other in the sequence of layers, have measuring scales and at the ends of the holes for the release and fastening of the ends of the cables and adjust the position of the indicator relative to the wellhead.

The values of the ranges of variation of the parameters of the helix of the benchmarks are selected from the condition of the possibility of a turn of the benchmarks in the hole when the extraction cable is tensioned and shown in FIG. 2 for holes with a diameter of 27 and 30 mm.

The technical result is the simplification of measurements and design of the reference station, reducing the cost of the instrument and measuring work when monitoring the condition of the rock mass and workings, as well as removing the deep reference station for reuse.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 2272134. Downhole benchmark. IPC E21C 39/00 (2006.01); G01B 5/30 (2006.01). Patent. Moscow State University. Authors: Voznesensky A.S., Yamshchikov B.C., Serbul A.E. Claim 08/08/1995. Publ. 01/27/1998. Bull. No. 10.

2. RF patent 2479718. Reference indication of displacements of the rock mass. IPC E21C 39/00 (2006.01). Patent. State educational institution of higher professional education St. Petersburg State Mining Institute. G.V. Plekhanov. Authors: Gusev V.N., Volokhov E.M., Dolgikh M.V., Tulin P.K. Claim 11/04/2004. Publ. 03/20/2006. Bull. No. 8.

3. RF patent 2206740. Method for monitoring the status of mine workings. IPC E21C 39/00 (2000.01); G01C 15/04 (2000.01). Patent. Trubetskoy K.N., Malsky K.S. Authors: Trubetskoy K.N., Malsky K.S. Claim 12/06/2011. Publ. 04/20/2013. Bull. No. 11.

4. RF patent 2206740. A device for determining the displacement of rocks in faces and workings. Patent. Mining Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Authors: Oparin V.N., Kulagin R.A., Vostrikov V.I., Kulagin I.K. Claim 08/25/2008. Publ. 01/20/2010. Bull. No. 2.

5. RF patent 2206740. Device for determining deformations of a rock mass. IPC E21C 39/00 (2000.01). Patent. State Research Institute of Mining Geomechanics and Mine Surveying - Intersectoral Research Center (VNIMI). Authors: Yakovlev D.V., Reva V.N., Rosenbaum M.A., Sokolov A.B. Claim 04/11/2000. Publ. 11/27/2002. Bull. No. 33.

6. RF patent No. 2272134. A device for determining the displacement of rock layers or elements of civil engineering structures. IPC G01C 9/00 (2006.01). Patent. Agudalin B.P., Agudalin A.P., Tsyganok A.N. Authors: Agudalin B.P., Agudalin A.P., Tsyganok A.N. Claim 10/04/2004. Publ. 03/27/2006. Bull. No. 9.

7. RF patent No. 2206740. Rapper indication of displacements of the rock mass. IPC E21C 39/00 (2000.01); G01C 15/04 (2000.01). Patent. Mining Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Authors: Oparin V.N., Kulagin R.A., Vostrikov V.I., Kulagin O.R. Claim 02/20/2003. Publ. 06/20/2003. Bull. Number 17.

Claims (1)

An extractable depth reference station, including a wellhead tube, a base and lock bench, connected with steel wire indicators, characterized in that the wellhead tube is made of galvanized spring material along the diameter of the borehole, has a slot for convenient insertion into the borehole, protrudes by 50-70 mm from the borehole to the level of fastening of the worked-out space in the light and is the reference point for the displacement of the roof for the base and castle indicators; and the base and locking rails are made of spring wire, rolled in the form of spirals with a diameter of D = 8-10 mm with divorced ends with a length of L = 12-14 mm at an angle α = 145-155 °, directed into the depth of the hole, while for the lower part load-bearing steel cables of displacement indicators that hold them in weight are pivotally attached to the spirals; and the cables are pivotally fixed to the upper part to extract the frame from the hole, the lower ends of which are mounted on the corresponding displacement indicators diametrically opposite to the bearing cables and have different colors; displacement indicators are made of tubes that enter into each other in the sequence of layers, have measuring scales and at the ends of the holes for the release and fastening of the ends of the cables and adjust the position of the indicator relative to the wellhead.

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