CN113008408A - Single-point underground structure health monitoring system and method - Google Patents
Single-point underground structure health monitoring system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering safety, in particular to a single-point underground structure health monitoring system and a single-point underground structure health monitoring method, which comprise the following steps: the sensor group is arranged on the underground structure and used for acquiring monitoring data of the underground structure; the data acquisition and transmission system transmits the monitoring data of the sensor group to the data analysis and trend prediction system through an optical fiber; the data analysis and trend prediction system receives the signal data of the sensor group to carry out analysis and trend prediction processing so as to obtain a processing result; the state evaluation and alarm system receives the processing result of the data analysis and trend prediction system to carry out state evaluation and judge whether to send out early warning according to the state evaluation result; and carrying out internal regulation and control on the underground structure according to the early warning level. The scheme effectively reduces the operation and maintenance cost of the underground structure in the whole life cycle, and prolongs the service life of the structure to the maximum extent; meanwhile, the underground structure and the external environment are monitored for a long time, and guarantee is provided for the operation and maintenance safety of the structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering safety, in particular to a single-point underground structure health monitoring system and method.
Background
In recent years, subway construction is rapidly developed, and underground stations under construction and already built are not superior to the subway stations. At present, a construction monitoring or third-party monitoring mode is adopted mainly aiming at the construction period of the underground station, the structure safety state in the construction period is fed back, and the structure in the construction process and the safety of surrounding constructions are guaranteed. However, a mature health monitoring and early warning system is not available for the built underground station, so that the safety state of the underground structure in the operation period after the building, especially in the accidental state (such as earthquake, accidental overload and the like), cannot be reasonably and accurately fed back, and one-hand supporting data cannot be provided for the maintenance work of the underground station structure in the operation period, so that the problem of exposure of part of the operation period is difficult to fundamentally solve.
The subway station has a complex structural system, high structural safety control requirement, complex geological conditions and surrounding environment, and is difficult to predict especially the engineering activities (stacking, piling and tunnel crossing) around the station, and is easy to induce structural diseases; the train load in long-term operation easily causes the main structure of the station to bear loading and unloading circulation effects in different degrees, the fatigue damage characteristic of the structure is obvious, and the deformation and the long-term stability of the structure are extremely unfavorable; in addition, accidental actions such as earthquakes may occur, and reasonable evaluation of the safety state of the structure is also required.
At present, the structure monitoring mainly adopts a construction monitoring or third-party monitoring mode aiming at the construction period of the underground station, and the safety of the structure and surrounding building in the construction process is fed back. However, there is no mature health monitoring system for the built underground station, and it is impossible to reasonably and accurately feed back the safety state of the underground structure after the building in the operation period, especially the safety state of the underground structure induced by the fatigue damage of the train operation and unloading cycle under the action of the accidental state (such as earthquake, accidental overload, pile driving, tunnel crossing, karst, etc.), and it is impossible to provide a hand-support data for the maintenance work of the subway station structure in the operation period, so that it is difficult to fundamentally solve the problem of the exposure of part of the operation period.
In addition, the existing few-structure monitoring system also has the following defects: the analysis is carried out by depending on the structure monitoring data in a unilateral way, and the comparison can not be carried out by combining the design result of the structure numerical analysis and calculation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a single-point underground structure health monitoring system and a single-point underground structure health monitoring method, which solve the technical problem that the structure health monitoring and early warning of an underground station is incomplete.
The invention provides a single-point underground structure health monitoring system for solving the technical problems, which comprises: the system comprises a site structure, a sensor group, a data acquisition and transmission system, a data analysis and trend prediction system and a state evaluation and alarm system, wherein the sensor group is arranged on the site structure;
the sensor group is arranged on the underground structure and used for acquiring monitoring data of the underground structure;
the data acquisition and transmission system is used for transmitting the monitoring data of the sensor group to the data analysis and trend prediction system through an optical fiber;
the data analysis and trend prediction system is used for receiving the signal data of the sensor group to perform analysis and trend prediction processing so as to obtain a processing result;
the state evaluation and alarm system is used for receiving the processing result of the data analysis and trend prediction system to evaluate the state and judge whether to send out early warning according to the state evaluation result; and carrying out internal regulation and control on the underground structure according to the early warning level.
Optionally, the early warning level includes a level i early warning condition, a level ii early warning condition and a level iii early warning condition;
when the actual monitoring value is not more than 50% of the alarm index of each monitoring item, outputting a level I early warning condition, and operating normally;
when the actual monitoring value is 50% -70% of each monitoring item alarm index, outputting a II-level early warning condition;
and when the actual monitoring value is greater than 70% of the alarm index of each monitoring item, outputting a III-level early warning condition, and judging as an emergency alarm area.
Optionally, the state evaluation and alarm system is configured to notify workers corresponding to the area of the underground structure that does not need to be manually maintained according to a preset rule, and perform cooperative maintenance on the area that needs to be manually maintained.
Optionally, the sensor group is installed at each monitoring section of the station structure;
the sensor group comprises a fiber grating thermometer, a fiber grating soil pressure box for monitoring the soil pressure outside the structure, a fiber grating osmometer for monitoring the water pressure outside the structure, a fiber grating embedded strain meter for monitoring the concrete stress of the structure, a fiber grating accelerometer for monitoring the vibration of the structure and a fiber grating surface pull rod type crack meter for monitoring the settlement of the structure.
Optionally, the monitoring section includes a structural architecture complex region, a structural strength weak region and a surrounding environment complex section.
Optionally, the structural system complex region includes a stiffness abrupt change region and a structural discontinuity region, the structural strength weak region includes a stress peak region and a bearing capacity minimum region, and the surrounding environment complex section includes a poor geological region and a geological condition change region.
Optionally, the soil pressure cell is a rigid soil pressure cell, and the rigidity of the rigid soil pressure cell is matched with the rigidity of the underground structure concrete.
The invention also provides a single-point underground structure health monitoring method, which comprises the following steps:
respectively arranging the sensor groups on the underground structure to acquire monitoring data of the underground structure;
receiving the signal data of the sensor group through a data analysis and trend prediction system to perform analysis and trend prediction processing so as to obtain a processing result;
receiving the processing result of the data analysis and trend prediction system through a state evaluation and alarm system to evaluate the state and judge whether to send out early warning according to the state evaluation result; and carrying out internal regulation and control on the underground structure according to the early warning level.
Optionally, a wavelength division multiplexing technology is adopted, a plurality of fiber grating sensors are connected in series on one optical fiber, and an optical cable routing and equipment integration design is performed according to the principle that construction feasibility is considered and the bearing performance of the main structure is not affected by combining the construction process and the working procedure of the enclosure structure and the main structure.
Optionally, the optical cable routing is protected by a stainless steel wire groove, and is fixed to the structural side wall through an expansion bolt, and when the optical cable routing passes through the main structure, a PVC threading pipe is embedded at a corresponding position for the optical cable routing.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides a single-point underground structure health monitoring system and a single-point underground structure health monitoring method, which adopt an advanced fiber grating sensor group to collect monitoring information, evaluate and early warn the structure health information through relevant data acquisition, transmission, analysis and prediction, are convenient to take maintenance treatment measures in time, and can realize that: (1) dynamically monitoring the working state of the underground structure and reasonably evaluating the health state of the underground structure; (2) the operation and maintenance management decision is assisted, and the service life of the underground structure is prolonged; (3) and accumulating the structural design, construction and maintenance experience of the underground structure.
The scheme is suitable for projects such as urban rail transit underground structures and assembled underground structures, has certain creativity and practicability, and has good popularization and application prospects.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. The detailed description of the present invention is given in detail by the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single-point underground structure health monitoring system and method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a standard section and a measurement point layout of the single-point underground structure health monitoring system and method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a monitoring cable routing for the single-point underground structure health monitoring system and method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a single-point underground structure health monitoring system and method of the present invention for monitoring the cable routing for the soil pressure and water pressure outside the structure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a monitoring cable run for structural concrete stress for the single-point underground structural health monitoring system and method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a monitoring cable run for structural vibration for the single-point underground structural health monitoring system and method of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a single-point underground structure health monitoring system and method for structural settlement monitoring optical cable routing.
Description of reference numerals: the system comprises a drilling hole 1, a monitoring section 2, a structural wall 3, a structural beam 4, a structural column 5, a temporary collection box 6, a state evaluation and alarm system 7, a main transmission optical cable 8, a tunnel 9, a fiber grating soil pressure cell 10, a fiber grating osmometer 11, a fiber grating embedded strain meter 12, a fiber grating accelerometer 13 and a fiber grating surface pull rod type crack meter 14.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The invention is described in more detail in the following paragraphs by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. Advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and from the claims. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not to precise scale, which is merely for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly claiming the embodiments of the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When a component is referred to as being "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or intervening components may also be present. When a component is referred to as being "disposed on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or intervening components may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the present invention provides a single point underground structure health monitoring system, comprising: the system comprises a site structure, a sensor group, a data acquisition and transmission system, a data analysis and trend prediction system and a state evaluation and alarm system, wherein the sensor group is arranged on the site structure;
the sensor group is arranged on the underground structure and used for acquiring monitoring data of the underground structure;
the data acquisition and transmission system is used for transmitting the monitoring data of the sensor group to the data analysis and trend prediction system through an optical fiber;
the data analysis and trend prediction system is used for receiving the signal data of the sensor group to perform analysis and trend prediction processing so as to obtain a processing result;
the state evaluation and alarm system is used for receiving the processing result of the data analysis and trend prediction system to evaluate the state and judge whether to send out early warning according to the state evaluation result; and carrying out internal regulation and control on the underground structure according to the early warning level.
The specific scheme of the single-point underground structure health monitoring system is as follows:
(1) monitoring item determination
The monitoring items can directly or indirectly reflect the actual stress deformation state of the structure and serve for safety evaluation and early warning of the structure, and the monitoring items comprise deformation, stress strain, leakage, underground water level, temperature, fatigue and the like.
(2) Monitoring section and measuring point layout
The monitoring section should be mainly selected from areas with weak soil layers, obvious adverse geological effects such as differential distribution and karst, complex structural system, complex surrounding environment and the like. The distribution of the section measuring points is to combine the stress deformation performance of the structure and select the parts with larger or representative internal force and deformation of the structure for monitoring. And obtaining an internal force, a displacement control value and a control point based on numerical analysis and calculation, and arranging a sensor group at the corresponding point. Specifically, the sensor groups 1 to n should be mainly replaceable devices, and the pre-embedded type and non-replaceable devices should be used as accessories. The instrument should be selected to determine the requirements of measuring range, precision and long-term stability according to the monitoring purpose, and simultaneously, the installation and the maintenance are convenient.
(3) Monitoring means and instrumentation requirements
The structure health monitoring should select automatic monitoring, reduces artificial interference to the influence and the human cost of precision, and construction period can be assisted by manual monitoring.
(4) Data acquisition and transmission
In the operation period, automatic real-time data acquisition is adopted, all fiber grating sensors are introduced into the monitoring station by adopting a multi-core main transmission optical cable, data acquisition of all optical path signals in the monitoring station is realized, and system centralized monitoring is realized. The remote real-time transmission of the monitoring data is realized by erecting a network system, and the dynamic management of the monitoring data is realized.
(5) Data analysis and prediction
According to the monitoring data, the structural health condition of the site is intelligently analyzed, and the possible structural health state change trend is predicted.
(6) State assessment and alarm
And analyzing and predicting the condition according to the data of the monitoring system, evaluating the structural health state and early warning in time. After the site health monitoring system prompts early warning, the site maintenance personnel are fed back to the site, and the monitoring system provides data support for coping with the decision of the treatment measure, carries out internal regulation and control on the underground structure according to the early warning level, fully, reasonably and efficiently allocates all maintenance personnel in the underground structure, and is convenient for eliminating potential safety hazards in time.
Optionally, the early warning level includes a level i early warning condition, a level ii early warning condition and a level iii early warning condition; when the actual monitoring value is not more than 50% of the alarm index of each monitoring item, outputting a level I early warning condition, and operating normally; when the actual monitoring value is 50% -70% of each monitoring item alarm index, outputting a II-level early warning condition; and when the actual monitoring value is greater than 70% of the alarm index of each monitoring item, outputting a III-level early warning condition, and judging as an emergency alarm area. And according to the specific condition of early warning, evaluating the structural health state and timely early warning. And combining with the grading management requirements, and feeding the early warning conditions of I, II and III levels to the station maintenance personnel for processing after the state evaluation and alarm system prompts and gives early warning.
According to the optional scheme, staff corresponding to the region of the underground structure which does not need manual maintenance are notified according to the preset rule, and collaborative maintenance is carried out on the region which needs manual maintenance. The preset rules comprise a geographical position proximity principle and a technical work and species proximity principle. After the early warning is formed, nearby maintenance personnel closest to the region of the underground structure where the early warning occurs can cooperate with maintenance personnel in the region corresponding to the underground structure to maintain together, and the principle is a nearby principle. Early warning of different sensor types can inform maintenance personnel of similar or same sensors to carry out cooperative manual maintenance, which is a similar principle of technical work and work.
Optionally, the sensor group is installed at each monitoring section 2 of the underground structure, and the state evaluation and alarm system is in communication connection with the sensor group through an optical fiber;
the sensor group comprises a fiber grating thermometer, a fiber grating soil pressure box 10 for monitoring the soil pressure outside the structure, a fiber grating osmometer 11 for monitoring the water pressure outside the structure, a fiber grating embedded strain gauge 12 for monitoring the concrete pressure of the structure, a fiber grating accelerometer 13 for monitoring the vibration of the structure, a fiber grating surface pull rod type joint meter 14 for monitoring the settlement of the structure and the like. The sensor group comprises not only the above listed ones, but also is selected according to the actual engineering monitoring needs.
Optionally, the data analysis and trend prediction system is configured to perform processing of abnormal data identification, data smoothing processing, reliability analysis and trend prediction on signal data of the monitoring instrument; the state evaluation and alarm system is used for analyzing and formulating a control standard of structural deformation and crack loss and an index early warning standard in combination with the structural stress performance evolution process, providing a monitoring grading early warning management level and implementing a three-level alarm system.
In this embodiment, a station structure such as a subway station, especially a station structure in a geological area with poor karst, is necessary to establish a health monitoring function to ensure safety. Data collected by each sensor group in the subway station are transmitted to a state evaluation and alarm system through optical fibers, the state evaluation and alarm system analyzes the data to obtain trend prediction, then the state of each monitoring section 2 is evaluated, if the state is abnormal, corresponding alarm is carried out, and feedback regulation and control or manual maintenance are carried out in a reverse mode.
Has the advantages that:
(1) and dynamically monitoring the working state of the underground structure and reasonably evaluating the health state of the underground structure.
The method comprises the steps of monitoring the whole process of the underground structure, dynamically mastering the working environment, the stress deformation state and the development and evolution trend of the underground structure in real time, revealing the evolution process of the stress deformation and the bearing performance of the structure in an operation period, mutually verifying monitored data, theoretical analysis and numerical calculation, diagnosing various abnormal conditions occurring in the operation period of the underground structure in time, comprehensively evaluating the health condition of the underground structure, and providing reliable data support for the analysis of associated data.
(2) The operation and maintenance management decision is assisted, and the service life of the underground structure is prolonged.
Data support is provided for formulating reasonable, active and preventive maintenance measures, so that the operation and maintenance cost of the underground structure in the whole life cycle is effectively reduced, and the service life of the underground structure is prolonged to the maximum extent.
(3) Underground structure design, construction and maintenance experience is accumulated.
The geological, hydrological and surrounding environments traversed by underground structural engineering are complex, and great challenges are provided for the long-term service performance of the underground structure. By monitoring the underground structure and the external environment for a long time, engineering experience can be accumulated, and guarantee is provided for operation and maintenance safety of the underground structure.
According to the selectable scheme, items monitored by the sensor group can directly or indirectly reflect the actual internal force state and deformation (displacement) state of the structure and serve for safety evaluation and early warning of the structure, and the monitoring items comprise external load, internal force and deformation of the structure. The monitoring section 2 and the measuring point arrangement are executed according to the main principle of 'complete monitoring, stable performance and optimal cost performance' striving for realization. The monitoring section 2 should be selected with emphasis:
1) structural system complex regions, such as stiffness discontinuity regions, structural discontinuity regions, and the like;
2) weak structural strength areas, such as stress peak areas, bearing capacity minimum areas, and the like;
3) and (3) surrounding areas with complex environment, such as unfavorable geological areas, areas with changed geological conditions and the like.
Optionally, the data collecting and transmitting system is configured to collect data of the sensor group and transmit the data to the data analyzing and trend analyzing system through an optical fiber, and specifically includes:
1) the system can be used for real-time acquisition, regular acquisition or irregular acquisition according to requirements;
2) when different types or the same type of data need to be subjected to related analysis, related data should be synchronously acquired;
3) the signals are preferably preprocessed during data acquisition, and signal isolation before acquisition is strictly performed on different signals with large difference in signal intensity magnitude.
The data of the sensor group is finally transmitted to a state evaluation and alarm system through optical fiber transmission; sensors are uniformly arranged on the structural plate, the structural wall 3, the structural beam 4 and the structural column 5 corresponding to the monitoring section 2, and transmit signals to the nearby temporary collection box 6 firstly and then transmit the signals to the state evaluation and alarm system 7 through the main transmission optical cable 8 for analysis.
Optionally, the structural system complex region includes a stiffness abrupt change region and a structural discontinuity region, the structural strength weak region includes a stress peak region and a bearing capacity minimum region, and the surrounding environment complex section includes a poor geological region and a geological condition change region.
(1) Selecting a standard section: according to past engineering experience and related research results, the weak parts of a shallow-buried standard section subway station are the top and the bottom of a center pillar, the junctions of a middle plate and a side wall and the junctions of the middle plate and the center pillar, and structural stress is monitored at the structural safety weak parts such as the top of the pillar, the bottom of the pillar and the like.
(2) Selecting a complex section of a structural system: combining with mechanics common knowledge and past engineering experience, the structural variable cross section position generally has larger stress concentration, and according to simulation numerical value calculation results, the concrete compressive stress and the steel bar stress of the main body of the subway station structure are within the range of material strength design values, the concrete tensile stress at the station variable cross section position is larger and close to the material tensile strength, and the structure dominant control factor under the standard load combination is the concrete tensile cracking; therefore, the variable cross section is selected as a structural durability monitoring cross section, and the measuring point is selected at a position with larger tensile stress in the numerical calculation result.
(3) Structural strength weak area: as the station and the tunnel line section have great structural form difference and the foundation treatment mode has great difference, during the later period of daily operation, great differential settlement is easy to exist at the tunnel-structure joint, and the joint bears great tensile force, thereby causing the concrete cracking and other diseases at the joint, therefore, the joint of the station and the subway line is selected as a differential settlement observation section, and the joint meters are respectively arranged for observing the tunnel-junction differential settlement.
(4) Selecting a complex section of a geological environment: and (4) taking the soil body above the bottom of the station foundation pit as a judgment range, and respectively arranging water and soil pressure sensors at the peripheries of the enclosure structure, the bottom plate and the side wall.
Wherein, the outside soil pressure of structure, water pressure are the direct factor that leads to the major structure deformation damage, can directly master structure stress state through monitoring station major structure outside soil pressure, water pressure, provide basic data for structure bearing capacity and deformation analysis, can directly know simultaneously and close on engineering construction to the structure influence, early warning in advance.
Therefore, the monitoring section 2 should mainly select the sections with obvious adverse geological effects such as weak soil layers, differential distribution, karst and the like, complex structural systems, complex surrounding environments and the like, and the section measuring point arrangement should combine the structure stress deformation performance and select the parts with larger or representative structure internal force and deformation for monitoring. The following description is made for the arrangement of monitoring measuring points at different positions:
(1) water and soil pressure outside the structure
The water and soil pressure outside the structure directly determines the internal force level of the structure, and the measuring points are mainly arranged at corresponding representative positions outside the enclosure structure, the top plate and the bottom plate. The equipment outside the enclosure structure is placed in a drilling hole 1 mode, the distance between the drilling hole 1 and the enclosure structure L is generally 1000mm, and the size of the drilling hole 1 can be selected
The equipment outside the enclosure structure is fixed on a steel structure made of angle steel, a PVC pipe is adopted for protection, the binding belt is fixed, the equipment fixing position is placed according to the design size in the main structure caused by the protective sleeve on the ground.
(2) Structural concrete stress
The concrete stress monitoring section 2 and the structure external pressure monitoring are consistent as much as possible so as to be verified in a mutual correlation mode. The device is mainly arranged on key beams, columns, walls and plates, and 1 pair of measuring points (1 in each of the inner side and the outer side) is arranged at each part.
(3) Structural vibration response
The vibration of a train operating for a long time may affect the stress deformation of a main structure (a beam, a column, a wall and a plate) to different degrees, and accelerometers are arranged on structures on two sides of the train to monitor vibration load. The measuring points are mainly arranged on key columns and walls with large influence on the train vibration load, and the transfer rule of the vibration load from the ballast bed to the walls, the columns and the plates is researched. The element may also be used to monitor seismic vibrations.
(4) Structural settlement
The transformation of the upper structure form, the uneven distribution of longitudinal soil layers, the sudden change of local loads of stations caused by potential engineering activities of external environments and the like are mainly considered, so that the differential settlement of the station structure can be caused. And comprehensively determining the arrangement interval position of the settlement observation points according to geological conditions, the reasons of settlement and the like.
Has the advantages that: monitoring information is collected by adopting an advanced fiber bragg grating sensor group, and structural health information is evaluated and early warned through relevant data acquisition, transmission, analysis and prediction, so that maintenance treatment measures can be taken conveniently in time. Through the construction of this intelligent monitoring early warning system, can realize: (1) dynamically monitoring the working state of the subway station and reasonably evaluating the health state of the main structure of the station; (2) the operation and maintenance management decision is assisted, and the service life of the main structure of the station is prolonged; (3) and accumulating the structural design, construction and maintenance experience of the main structure of the station.
And (3) providing damage evaluation recommendation indexes of health monitoring through comparison and selection (whether the position, the sensitivity, the measurement difficulty and the like can be determined), analyzing and formulating a control standard of structural deformation and crack loss and an index early warning standard in combination with a structural stress performance evolution process, providing a monitoring grading early warning management level, and implementing a three-level alarm system. The first stage is a green zone, the second stage is an orange zone, and the third stage is a red zone, as shown in the following table.
Monitoring data grading management table
Note: un-alarm index of each monitoring item; u0-actual monitored value.
Taking a typical monitoring project as an example, various fiber grating sensors are adopted to form a sensor group, and data information of various testing projects is generated by using the strain sensing characteristics of the fiber gratings or as a testing carrier. Sensor statistics the following table, with the replaceable device used as much as possible in the setup process.
Sensor group statistical table
The following explains the installation of different sensor groups:
(1) the external soil pressure of the structure:
the installation sequence of the fiber grating soil pressure cell 10 is as follows: determining an installation position → installing an embedded steel plate base → installing a soil pressure box → laying an optical cable → splicing the optical fiber, connecting the sensors in series → leading out the optical cable and inspecting a passage.
(2) External water pressure of structure
The installation sequence of the fiber grating osmometer 11 is as follows: determining the installation position → protecting and fixing the osmometer → laying the optical cable → fusing the optical fiber, connecting the sensors in series → leading out the optical cable and checking the passage.
(3) Structural concrete stress
The installation sequence of the fiber grating embedded type strain gauge 12 is as follows: determining a mounting position → mounting a strain gauge → laying an optical cable → fusing an optical fiber, connecting a sensor in series → leading out the optical cable and checking a passage.
(4) Structural vibration
And installing a fiber bragg grating accelerometer 13 on the wedge-shaped cushion block, driving expansion screws into peripheral concrete to fix the cable after the cable is arranged, and finally connecting the sensor cable with an acquisition instrument.
(5) Structural settlement
The device mainly comprises a seam meter and angle steel for connection, wherein the seam meter is installed in parallel with the direction of a seam to be measured, the angle steel is installed perpendicular to the direction of the seam to be measured, one end of the angle steel is fixed to the structure through a bolt, the other side of the angle steel is fixed to the seam meter through a bolt, and when the structures on the two sides of the seam generate differential settlement, the connecting angle steel drives the seam meter to stretch and retract so as to obtain differential settlement of structures on the two sides of the seam.
In the optional scheme, a wavelength division multiplexing technology is adopted, so that a plurality of fiber grating sensors can be connected in series on one optical fiber, and the number of series-connected instruments has a limit value in order to avoid the cross overlapping of the working wavelengths of the sensors. In view of the optical signal additional loss caused by optical fiber bending, fusion splicing and the like, a certain wavelength redundancy amount is set, and meanwhile, in view of construction convenience, the number of single-channel series sensors is not more than 8 in principle. The specific optical cable routing design is combined with the construction process and the working procedure of the enclosure structure and the main structure, and the optical cable routing and equipment integration design is carried out according to the principle that the construction feasibility is considered, the bearing performance of the main structure is not influenced and the like.
In view of the core structure of the optical cableSiO2The fiber core made of the material needs to pay special attention during operations such as optical cable laying, fusion splicing and the like in order to avoid the failure of a monitoring system caused by the breakage of the optical cable, and the protection work of the optical cable is well done while strong pulling, excessive bending, violent construction and the like are strictly forbidden. The main remarks are as follows:
(1) concrete internal optical cable: when the structure is poured, the optical cable is bound and laid along the reinforcement cage, the lead is orderly in the well, small-angle bending is strictly forbidden, and the bending radius is not less than 5 cm; in order to avoid forming a water seepage channel, a plurality of water swelling rubber water stopping rings are arranged along the optical cable, particularly the positions of the joint of the sensor and the optical cable, the corner of the optical cable, the joint of the optical cable and the outlet box and the like, and the optical cable is prevented from being led out at a right angle.
(2) And (3) optical fiber fusion: after the optical fiber is welded, a metal pipe needs to be sleeved outside the heat-shrinkable pipe for protecting the optical cable at the welding section, and two ends of the optical cable are fixed by rubber sleeves.
(3) Optical cable in the outlet box: leading wires of the pre-buried sensor to a wire outlet box, installing an FC/APC joint at the end part of an optical cable for facilitating the rapid acquisition of data in a construction period, performing waterproof protection, coiling a redundant optical cable in the wire outlet box, sealing, filling and compacting the inner part with expansion foam, and winding a waterproof adhesive tape outside.
(4) And (3) protecting the optical cable outside the structure: the structure outer lead optical cable should need the protection of stainless steel wire casing, is fixed in the structure lateral wall through expansion bolts, when passing through the major structure, needs the pre-buried PVC threading pipe in corresponding position to supply the optical cable to walk the line.
(5) Protection of the main transmission cable 8: the main transmission optical cable 8 is laid on the side wall of the station structure and is bound and fixed.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner; the present invention may be readily implemented by those of ordinary skill in the art as illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described above; however, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims; meanwhile, any changes, modifications, and evolutions of the equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the actual techniques of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A single point underground structure health monitoring system, comprising: the system comprises a site structure, a sensor group, a data acquisition and transmission system, a data analysis and trend prediction system and a state evaluation and alarm system, wherein the sensor group is arranged on the site structure;
the sensor group is arranged on the underground structure and used for acquiring monitoring data of the underground structure;
the data acquisition and transmission system is used for transmitting the monitoring data of the sensor group to the data analysis and trend prediction system through an optical fiber;
the data analysis and trend prediction system is used for receiving the signal data of the sensor group to perform analysis and trend prediction processing so as to obtain a processing result;
the state evaluation and alarm system is used for receiving the processing result of the data analysis and trend prediction system to evaluate the state and judge whether to send out early warning according to the state evaluation result; and carrying out internal regulation and control on the underground structure according to the early warning level.
2. A single point underground structure health monitoring system as in claim 1, wherein the levels of early warning include a level i early warning condition, a level ii early warning condition, and a level iii early warning condition;
when the actual monitoring value is not more than 50% of the alarm index of each monitoring item, outputting a level I early warning condition, and operating normally;
when the actual monitoring value is 50% -70% of each monitoring item alarm index, outputting a II-level early warning condition;
and when the actual monitoring value is greater than 70% of the alarm index of each monitoring item, outputting a III-level early warning condition, and judging as an emergency alarm area.
3. A single point underground structure health monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the state assessment and alarm system is configured to notify workers corresponding to an area of the underground structure that does not require manual maintenance according to a preset rule, and perform cooperative maintenance on the area that requires manual maintenance.
4. A single point underground structure health monitoring system as in claim 1, wherein the sensor clusters are installed at each monitoring section of a site structure;
the sensor group comprises a fiber grating thermometer, a fiber grating soil pressure box for monitoring the soil pressure outside the structure, a fiber grating osmometer for monitoring the water pressure outside the structure, a fiber grating embedded strain meter for monitoring the concrete stress of the structure, a fiber grating accelerometer for monitoring the vibration of the structure and a fiber grating surface pull rod type crack meter for monitoring the settlement of the structure.
5. A single point underground structural health monitoring system as in claim 4 wherein the monitoring profile comprises a complex area of structural architecture, a weak area of structural strength and a complex section of the surrounding environment.
6. The single point underground structural health monitoring system of claim 5, wherein the structural architecture complex region comprises a stiffness abrupt change region and a structural discontinuity region, the structural strength weak region comprises a stress peak region and a bearing capacity minimum region, and the surrounding environment complex section comprises a poor geological region and a geological condition change region.
7. A single point underground structure health monitoring system according to claim 1, wherein the soil pressure cell is a rigid soil pressure cell having a stiffness matching an underground structure concrete stiffness.
8. A monitoring method for a single point underground structure health monitoring system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
respectively arranging the sensor groups on the underground structure to acquire monitoring data of the underground structure;
receiving the signal data of the sensor group through a data analysis and trend prediction system to perform analysis and trend prediction processing so as to obtain a processing result;
receiving the processing result of the data analysis and trend prediction system through a state evaluation and alarm system to evaluate the state and judge whether to send out early warning according to the state evaluation result; and carrying out internal regulation and control on the underground structure according to the early warning level.
9. The intelligent monitoring and early warning method of the single-point underground structure health monitoring system as claimed in claim 8, wherein a wavelength division multiplexing technology is adopted to realize that a plurality of fiber grating sensors are connected in series on one optical fiber, and an optical cable routing and equipment integration design is performed according to the principle that the construction feasibility is considered and the bearing performance of the main structure is not affected by combining the construction process and the procedure of the building envelope and the main structure.
10. The intelligent monitoring and early warning method of the single-point underground structure health monitoring system according to claim 9, wherein the optical cable routing is protected by stainless steel wire grooves and fixed to the side wall of the structure through expansion bolts, and when passing through the main structure, PVC threading pipes are pre-buried at corresponding positions for the optical cable routing.
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