CN114264338A - BIM-based grating array track monitoring information visualization analysis method and system - Google Patents
BIM-based grating array track monitoring information visualization analysis method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a BIM-based grating array track monitoring information visualization analysis method and system, wherein the method comprises the steps of constructing a track building BIM model on a monitoring platform; arranging field monitoring points and model monitoring points of a BIM (building information modeling) model, monitoring state information of a track structure through a fiber grating sensor arranged at the field monitoring points and sending the state information to a fiber grating demodulator, and receiving and demodulating monitoring information sent by the fiber grating sensor by the fiber grating demodulator; the fiber grating demodulator transmits the monitoring information of each field monitoring point to the model monitoring points corresponding to the BIM model one by one in real time, reconstructs an operation maintenance BIM model, and updates the model, information and image visualization results in real time. The method dynamically modifies the orbit according to the parameterization of the monitoring information to build the BIM model, forms the orbit digital twin model with the full life cycle, and utilizes the model and the information to carry out dynamic analysis, disease analysis, structural analysis and the like, thereby realizing the visual expression of the analysis result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of track monitoring, and particularly relates to a grating array track monitoring information visualization analysis method and system based on BIM.
Background
The track is directly arranged on the basis of roadbeds, bridges, tunnels and the like, and is one of core technologies for guiding and guaranteeing the safety, stability and smoothness of train operation. The track is used as a key project of operation and maintenance, the difficulty caused by fragmentation and loss of existing line construction information and operation and maintenance information to the operation and maintenance is gradually increased, and the influence of a large amount of unusable and unidentifiable information to the decision of construction and operation and maintenance is increasingly increased. With the development of the BIM technology and the information technology and the upgrading of the track design, manufacture and construction means, a BIM information model integrated with design and construction is gradually formed, and the application of the grating array monitoring technology also gradually makes up for the monitoring requirement of a long and large strip-shaped structure, so that a BIM-based grating array track monitoring information visualization analysis method is very necessary to be provided, and the digital twin of the whole life cycle of the track is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a BIM-based grating array track monitoring information visual analysis method and system.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the invention discloses a BIM-based grating array track monitoring information visualization analysis method, which comprises the following steps:
constructing a track building BIM on a monitoring platform;
arranging site monitoring points and model monitoring points of the BIM, wherein the site monitoring points correspond to the model monitoring points one by one;
monitoring state information of a track structure through a fiber grating sensor arranged at a field monitoring point and sending the state information to a fiber grating demodulator, and receiving and demodulating monitoring information sent by the fiber grating sensor by the fiber grating demodulator;
the fiber grating demodulator transmits the monitoring information of each field monitoring point to the model monitoring points corresponding to the BIM model one by one in real time, reconstructs an operation maintenance BIM model, and updates the model, information and image visualization results in real time.
Further, the state information of the track structure comprises buckling deformation, a stress value, a vibration value and temperature.
And further, simulating the train operation condition by using a BIM model in combination with the monitoring information of the whole line measuring points, performing structural dynamics analysis, disease analysis and structural operation state analysis by using the BIM model and the monitoring information, and displaying an operation site image, vibration information, warping deformation condition, reason analysis and repair and maintenance suggestion according to the mileage and the spatial coordinate points.
The invention also discloses a BIM-based grating array track monitoring information visual analysis system, which comprises a monitoring platform, a fiber grating demodulator and a fiber grating optical cable integrated with a plurality of fiber grating sensors, wherein the fiber grating optical cable is arranged along the length direction of the track and is used for monitoring the state information of the track structure and sending the state information to the fiber grating demodulator; the fiber grating demodulator is used for receiving monitoring information sent by a fiber grating optical cable and demodulating the monitoring information into a demodulation signal to be sent to the monitoring platform, a track building BIM model is built on the monitoring platform, the monitoring platform is used for receiving field monitoring information and guiding the field monitoring information into the BIM model, and the BIM model is reconstructed, operated and maintained.
Furthermore, the track structure is provided with a fiber grating array temperature measurement optical cable integrated with a plurality of fiber grating temperature measurement sensors, and the fiber grating array temperature measurement optical cable is used for at least collecting the temperature information of the track plate and sending the temperature information to the fiber grating demodulator.
Furthermore, a fiber grating array vibration optical cable integrated with a plurality of fiber grating vibration sensors is arranged on the track structure, and the fiber grating array vibration optical cable is used for collecting vibration information of the track plate and sending the vibration information to a fiber grating demodulator.
Furthermore, at least one group of monitoring units is arranged on the track structure, each monitoring unit comprises two fiber grating array stress optical cables integrated with a plurality of fiber grating stress sensors, the two stress optical cables in the same group are longitudinally arranged along the track and are arranged at each buckling deformation monitoring point in a high-low mode, and the two stress optical cables are arranged between two buckling deformation monitoring points which are longitudinally adjacent in an X-shaped crossed mode; the stress optical cable is used for sending stress information to the fiber bragg grating demodulator.
The invention has at least the following beneficial effects: the invention mainly realizes the visualization of the monitoring information of the grating array track based on the BIM, and compared with the prior art, the technical scheme conceived by the invention mainly has the following technical advantages:
1. the visual expression of the orbit information of the whole life cycle can be realized;
2. a dynamic real-time updated orbit full-life-cycle digital twin model can be generated;
3. monitoring information and suggestions can be read through the space three-dimensional coordinates, and the information is clear and comprehensive.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of an optical cable on a slab ballastless track according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout view of a fiber grating array thermometric optical cable according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic layout view of a fiber grating array stress cable according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic layout view of a fiber grating array vibration cable according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic layout diagram of a fiber grating demodulator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of a method for visualizing and analyzing monitoring information of a grating array track based on BIM according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
Referring to fig. 6, the embodiment of the invention discloses a grating array track monitoring information visualization analysis system based on BIM, which comprises a monitoring platform, a fiber grating demodulator and a fiber grating optical cable integrated with a plurality of fiber grating sensors, wherein the fiber grating optical cable is arranged along the length direction of a track and is used for monitoring the state information of a track structure and sending the state information to the fiber grating demodulator; the fiber grating demodulator is used for receiving monitoring information sent by a fiber grating optical cable and demodulating the monitoring information into a demodulation signal to be sent to the monitoring platform, a track building BIM model is built on the monitoring platform, the monitoring platform is used for receiving field monitoring information and guiding the field monitoring information into the BIM model, and the BIM model is reconstructed, operated and maintained.
Furthermore, a fiber grating array temperature measurement optical cable integrated with a plurality of fiber grating temperature measurement sensors is arranged on the track structure, wherein the fiber grating array temperature measurement optical cable 2 is arranged along the whole length of the ballastless track in a covering manner and is used for at least collecting temperature information of the track plate 11 and sending the temperature information to the fiber grating demodulator 5; the fiber grating demodulator 5 is used for receiving the temperature information sent by the fiber grating array temperature measurement optical cable 2, demodulating the temperature information into a demodulation signal and sending the demodulation signal to the monitoring platform.
The fiber grating array temperature measurement optical cable 2 is a cable with a plurality of fiber grating temperature measurement sensors integrated in a single optical cable, is an existing product, and has the characteristics of wide monitoring coverage range (capable of covering more than 10km according to needs), high measurement precision, small sensing unit interval (the minimum interval can be 1cm), and the like, and the specific structure is not repeated here.
As shown in fig. 5, in consideration of the long overall length of the ballastless track, the fiber grating demodulator 5 is preferably provided in plurality, so as to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the temperature measurement data. Preferably, each fiber grating demodulator 5 is configured to acquire monitoring information of two sections of temperature measuring cables on front and rear sides of the fiber grating demodulator; in one embodiment, the fiber grating array temperature measurement optical cable 2 is continuously arranged along the whole line of the ballastless track, that is, two adjacent fiber grating demodulators 5 are connected in series by a single cable, in the single series cable, a certain point is taken as a demarcation point, the fiber grating temperature measurement sensor on the front side of the demarcation point sends monitoring information to the fiber grating demodulator 5 on the front side, and the fiber grating temperature measurement sensor on the rear side of the demarcation point sends monitoring information to the fiber grating demodulator 5 on the rear side, which can be realized by setting the light emission direction of the fiber grating temperature measurement sensor in the optical cable; in another embodiment, the fiber grating array temperature measuring optical cable 2 adopts a split arrangement mode and comprises a plurality of temperature measuring cable sections, the end parts of two adjacent temperature measuring cable sections are abutted or the two adjacent temperature measuring cable sections are partially overlapped, the effect of the overall-length covering arrangement of the ballastless track can be realized, and the overall-line temperature monitoring of the ballastless track can be realized, in the scheme, two temperature measuring cable sections can be arranged between two adjacent fiber grating demodulators 5, and the two temperature measuring cable sections are respectively connected with the two fiber grating temperature measuring demodulators 5. Preferably, one fiber grating demodulator 5 is arranged per station.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the fiber grating array temperature measurement optical cable 2 includes at least one vertical temperature measurement section 211 and a plurality of vertical temperature measurement sections, the vertical temperature measurement section 211 is a U-shaped cable with a top end located in the track plate 11 and a bottom end located in the base plate 13, each vertical temperature measurement section is embedded in the track plate 11 and connected with the top end of the adjacent vertical temperature measurement section 211, and the vertical temperature measurement section 211 is respectively provided with at least one fiber grating temperature measurement sensor in the track plate 11, the mortar layer plate 12 and the base plate 13. Generally, the vertical temperature measuring section 211 comprises two vertical line sections and a horizontal line section, wherein two ends of the horizontal line section are respectively connected with the bottom ends of the two vertical line sections, and obviously, the vertical temperature measuring section 211 is an integrated continuous cable; in this embodiment, the vertical temperature measuring section 211 is used for monitoring the vertical temperature of the track structure, preferably, no fiber grating temperature measuring sensor is arranged in the horizontal line segment, and the horizontal line segment can be set to a smaller length, that is, a smaller distance is adopted between two vertical line segments.
The vertical temperature measuring section 211 can obtain the temperatures of the track slab 11, the mortar layer slab 12 and the base plate 13 at the corresponding measuring points, so as to obtain the vertical temperature gradient of the track structure, and judge whether the vertical temperature load of the track structure is in a normal range according to the vertical temperature gradient, so that a work department and the like can further detect and maintain the ballastless track in time. Preferably, a vertical temperature load can be applied to the finite element analysis model based on the finite element analysis model of the rail structure to calculate the theoretical stress condition of the rail structure.
Further preferably, as shown in fig. 2, each vertical line segment of the vertical temperature measuring section 211 is provided with at least one fiber bragg grating temperature measuring sensor in the track plate 11, the mortar layer plate 12 and the base plate 13, so that each vertical line segment can realize vertical temperature monitoring of the track structure, and the temperature information obtained by the two vertical line segments can be mutually proved, so that the accuracy of the monitoring result can be improved, for example: at each vertical temperature measuring point 21, the monitoring data of each fiber bragg grating temperature sensor in the track slab 11 at the same moment can be obtained and averaged, the monitoring data in the mortar layer slab 12 and the base plate 13 are processed in the same way, and the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring result are obviously higher; if the difference of the monitoring data of different fiber bragg grating temperature sensors in the same structural plate is large, the vertical temperature measuring section 211 can be marked, so that the work department can conveniently and timely detect whether the vertical temperature measuring section 211 has faults or not, namely, the fault self-detection of the vertical temperature measuring section 211 is realized, and the working reliability is high. In this embodiment, each vertical line segment has a fiber grating temperature sensor in the track plate 11, the mortar layer plate 12 and the base plate 13.
In one embodiment, there are a plurality of vertical temperature measuring sections 211, and the distance between two adjacent vertical temperature measuring sections 211 is within the range of 5-10 m, and it is further preferable that one vertical temperature measuring point 21 is arranged every 6-7 m.
In one embodiment, the longitudinal length of the vertical temperature measuring point 21 (i.e., the distance between the two vertical line segments) is in the range of 700-800 mm. In the vertical temperature measuring section 211, the distance between the fiber grating temperature measuring sensor in the base plate 13 and the surface of the track plate is within the range of 220-350 mm, the distance between the fiber grating temperature measuring sensor in the mortar layer plate 12 and the surface of the track plate is within the range of 190-220 mm, and the distance between the fiber grating temperature measuring sensor in the track plate 11 and the surface of the track plate is within the range of 80-150 mm. In alternative embodiments: (1) in the roadbed section of the CRTSII type plate ballastless track, the longitudinal length of a vertical temperature measuring point 21 is 800mm, the distance between a fiber grating temperature measuring sensor in a track plate 11 and the surface of the track plate is 100mm, the distance between the fiber grating temperature measuring sensor in a mortar laminate 12 and the surface of the track plate is 215mm, and the distance between the fiber grating temperature measuring sensor in a base plate 13 and the surface of the track plate is 300 mm; (2) in the CRTSII slab ballastless track bridge section, the longitudinal length of a vertical temperature measuring point 21 is 700mm, the distance between a fiber grating temperature measuring sensor in a track slab 11 and the surface of the track slab is 100mm, the distance between the fiber grating temperature measuring sensor in a mortar laminate 12 and the surface of the track slab is 215mm, and the distance between the fiber grating temperature measuring sensor in a base plate 13 and the surface of the track slab is 250 mm; (3) in the CRTSII type slab ballastless track tunnel section, the longitudinal length of a vertical temperature measuring point 21 is 700mm, the distance between a fiber grating temperature measuring sensor in a track slab 11 and the surface of the track slab is 100mm, the distance between the fiber grating temperature measuring sensor in a mortar laminate 12 and the surface of the track slab is 215mm, and the distance between the fiber grating temperature measuring sensor in a base plate 13 and the surface of the track slab is 250 mm.
For the arrangement of the vertical temperature measuring sections 211, it is preferable that, corresponding to the position of each vertical temperature measuring section 211, a grouting hole 212 is formed in the track plate 11 and the grouting hole 212 extends into the base plate 13, and the vertical temperature measuring section 211 is embedded in the corresponding grouting hole 212 and the grouting hole 212 is grouted and sealed. The concrete poured into the grouting hole 212 is preferably high-strength and quick-setting concrete, so that the position accuracy of the vertical temperature measuring section 211 in the grouting hole 212 is ensured, and meanwhile, the vertical temperature measuring section 211 can be well protected.
Vertical temperature measuring points 21 are arranged on the ballastless track at proper intervals, the longitudinal temperature gradient of the track structure can be obtained according to temperature data fed back by the vertical temperature measuring points 21, and whether the longitudinal temperature load of the track structure is in a normal range can be judged according to the longitudinal temperature gradient, so that a work department and the like can further detect and maintain the ballastless track in time. When the number of the vertical temperature measuring points 21 is enough, the fiber bragg grating temperature measuring sensor is not arranged in the longitudinal temperature measuring section, and the fiber bragg grating temperature measuring sensor is only used for signal transmission; obviously, preferably, the fiber bragg grating temperature measurement sensor is also arranged in the longitudinal temperature measurement section, so that longitudinal temperature gradient data of the track structure is richer, the judgment on the longitudinal temperature load condition of the track structure is more accurate and reliable, particularly, the longitudinal temperature information of the track slab 11 is more comprehensive, the health monitoring of the track slab 11 is facilitated, the monitoring on the diseases such as vertical upwarp deformation of the track slab 11 is included, and the occurrence of conditions such as missing detection and misjudgment can be reduced.
For the arrangement of the longitudinal temperature measuring section, it is preferable that a longitudinal monitoring groove is formed in the track slab 11 to bury the longitudinal temperature measuring section, and the longitudinal monitoring groove is filled with concrete. Likewise, the concrete poured in the longitudinal monitoring groove is preferably high-strength and quick-setting concrete.
Generally, the base plate 13, the mortar layer plate 12 and the track plate 11 are of a layered structure, for example, each layer is sequentially poured, the binding property, the integrity and the like among the layers will affect the health condition of the track structure, and the inter-layer diseases are also one of the main diseases of the track structure.
The longitudinal monitoring grooves are obviously communicated with the adjacent grouting holes 212, further, concrete is poured in the longitudinal monitoring grooves and the grouting holes 212 at the same time, at least concrete is poured in each grouting hole 212 and two adjacent longitudinal monitoring grooves at the same time, a T-shaped concrete structure is formed in the track structure, the structural integrity and the cooperative stress performance of all layers of the track structure are improved, meanwhile, the effect of multidirectional constraint on the track plate 11 can be well achieved, and the operation reliability of the track structure is further improved.
If necessary, the base plate 13 and the mortar layer plate 12 can be provided with the consolidation reinforcing steel bars which protrude into the grouting holes 212, and the track plate 11 can be provided with the consolidation reinforcing steel bars which protrude into the grouting holes 212 and the longitudinal monitoring grooves, so that the binding property between post-cast concrete (i.e. concrete in the grouting holes 212 and the longitudinal monitoring grooves) and the prior track structure can be further improved.
In another preferred scheme, for the cast-in-place track slab 11, the fiber bragg grating array temperature measuring optical cable 2 is laid simultaneously when the track slab 11 is cast in place, wherein the cable (including the longitudinal temperature measuring section) for collecting the temperature information of the track slab is consolidated through track slab concrete. Vertical wiring holes are formed in the base plate 13 and the mortar layer plate 12 which are poured in advance to arrange the vertical temperature measuring sections 211, and when the track plate 11 is poured, concrete enters the vertical wiring holes at the same time to fix the optical fiber grating array temperature measuring optical cable 2; in the scheme, the structural integrity and the cooperative stress among the track plate 11, the base plate 13 and the mortar layer plate 12 are better. Further preferably, when the track slab 11 is cast in place, the fiber grating array temperature measurement optical cable 2 is further used for collecting the temperature state in the track slab forming process, and according to the feedback information of the fiber grating array temperature measurement optical cable 2, a constructor can conveniently take proper maintenance measures for track slab concrete, so that the construction quality of the track slab 11 is improved.
Preferably, the fiber grating array temperature measuring optical cable 2 is arranged in the middle of the track, namely, between two rows of tracks.
The temperature information of the track structure is collected through the fiber grating array temperature measuring optical cable 2, and the fiber grating demodulator 5 receives the temperature information sent by the fiber grating array temperature measuring optical cable 2, demodulates the temperature information into a demodulation signal and sends the demodulation signal to the monitoring platform; and the monitoring platform analyzes and obtains the temperature load of the track structure and judges whether the temperature load is in a normal range, and if not, the monitoring platform guides a work department to carry out detection and maintenance on the ballastless track.
The track slab 11 adopts a cast-in-place construction mode, the fiber grating array temperature measurement optical cable 2 is laid synchronously when the track slab 11 is cast in place, and the temperature state in the track slab forming process is monitored through the fiber grating array temperature measurement optical cable 2 so as to guide constructors to carry out corresponding maintenance operation on track slab concrete and improve the construction quality of the track slab 11. The fiber grating demodulator 5 can be configured at a corresponding position to be connected with the fiber grating array temperature measurement optical cable 2 according to the construction progress of the track slab 11, so as to realize real-time monitoring and data processing.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, in the slab ballastless track, a fiber grating array vibration optical cable 4 integrated with a plurality of fiber grating vibration sensors is arranged on a track slab 11, and the fiber grating array vibration optical cable 4 is continuously arranged along the whole length of the track slab 11. The fiber grating array vibration optical cable 4 is used for collecting vibration information of the track plate 11 and sending the vibration information to the fiber grating demodulator, and the fiber grating demodulator is used for receiving the vibration information sent by the fiber grating array vibration optical cable 4, demodulating the vibration information into a demodulation signal and sending the demodulation signal to the monitoring platform.
The fiber grating array vibration optical cable 4 is a cable with a plurality of fiber grating vibration sensors integrated in a single optical cable, is an existing product, and has the characteristics of wide monitoring coverage range (capable of covering more than 10km as required), high measurement precision, small sensing unit interval (the minimum interval can be 1cm), and the like, and the specific structure is not repeated here.
Considering that the whole line length of the ballastless track is long, the fiber bragg grating demodulators are preferably arranged in multiple numbers so as to ensure the accuracy and reliability of vibration data. Preferably, each fiber grating demodulator is used for acquiring monitoring information of two sections of vibration cables on the front side and the rear side of the fiber grating demodulator; in one embodiment, the fiber grating array vibration optical cable 4 is continuously arranged along the whole line of the ballastless track, that is, two adjacent fiber grating demodulators are connected in series by a single cable, in the single series cable, a certain point is taken as a demarcation point, the fiber grating vibration sensor on the front side of the demarcation point sends monitoring information to the fiber grating demodulator on the front side, and the fiber grating vibration sensor on the rear side of the demarcation point sends monitoring information to the fiber grating demodulator on the rear side, which can be realized by setting the light emission direction of the fiber grating vibration sensor in the optical cable; in another embodiment, the fiber grating array vibration optical cable 4 adopts a split arrangement mode, and includes a plurality of vibration monitoring cable sections, the end parts of two adjacent vibration monitoring cable sections are offset or the two adjacent vibration monitoring cable sections are partially overlapped, so that the effect of the overall-length covering arrangement of the ballastless track can be realized, and the overall-line vibration monitoring of the ballastless track can be realized. Preferably, each station is provided with a fiber grating demodulator.
Based on the fiber bragg grating array vibration optical cable 4, acquiring vibration acceleration at each vibration measurement point on the track slab 11 through the fiber bragg grating array vibration optical cable 4;
establishing a vibration acceleration-time relation data set for each vibration measuring point, comparing the vibration acceleration at the current time with the vibration acceleration at the historical time, and judging whether a mortar layer of the track structure has a gap separation condition;
and/or analyzing the vibration acceleration of each vibration measuring point on the same track plate 11 to obtain the fundamental frequency mode of the track plate 11, establishing a fundamental frequency mode-time relation data set of the track plate 11, and comparing the fundamental frequency mode at the current time with the fundamental frequency mode at the historical time to judge whether the track structure has a mortar layer void condition.
That is to say, the monitoring platform is used for acquiring a demodulation signal sent by the fiber bragg grating demodulator, establishing a vibration acceleration-time relation data set for each vibration measuring point, and judging whether a gap condition occurs in a mortar layer of the track structure according to the vibration acceleration-time relation data set; and/or the monitoring platform is used for acquiring a demodulation signal sent by the fiber grating demodulator, analyzing the vibration acceleration of each vibration measuring point on the same track plate 11 to obtain the fundamental frequency mode of the track plate 11, establishing a fundamental frequency mode-time relation data set of the track plate 11, and judging whether the track structure has a mortar layer void condition according to the fundamental frequency mode-time relation data set. Further, the vibration amplitude, the frequency and the like of the measuring points of the same track plate 11 are comprehensively analyzed, the comprehensive analysis result of the vibration data of each time when the train passes through the time is compared with the average value, the standard deviation and other statistics and analysis of the historical vibration data of a plurality of previous trains at the time or all previous trains at a plurality of days at the time, and the disease conditions of rail fracture, fastener failure, sleeper empty suspension, track bed plate (track plate 11) gap, vibration isolation element failure and the like of the track structure can be indirectly reflected; when the vibration data of a certain measuring point is abnormal, the possibility that the track structure has the diseases exists in the area is indicated, and the specific types of the diseases can be discriminated by synchronously calling video monitoring data or performing field inspection and the like.
Particularly, the accuracy of judging the interlayer diseases of the track structure can be further improved by combining the mode of monitoring the vertical temperature gradient and the longitudinal temperature gradient of the track structure through the fiber bragg grating array temperature measuring optical cable 2; and a track structure temperature gradient-interlayer disease relation data set can be established, and the data set is perfected and corrected in the continuous monitoring process, so that a reference and analysis basis is provided for the subsequent judgment operation of a monitoring platform.
The number and distribution of the vibration measuring points can be set according to specific conditions. In one embodiment, a vibration measuring point is arranged between every two adjacent fastener nodes. Optionally, the distance between two longitudinally adjacent vibration measuring points is 0.5-0.8 m, for example, the same as the distance between adjacent fastener nodes. It is easy to understand that only one fiber grating vibration sensor is correspondingly arranged at each vibration measuring point.
As shown in fig. 4, for the arrangement of the fiber grating array vibration optical cable 4, it is preferable that it is buried in the track plate 11, for example, a longitudinal wiring groove is opened on the surface of the track plate to bury the fiber grating array vibration optical cable 4, and the longitudinal wiring groove is filled with concrete. The concrete poured in the longitudinal wiring groove is preferably high-strength and quick-setting concrete. In another scheme, the fiber grating array vibration optical cable 4 can also be laid simultaneously when the track plate 11 is poured.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3, the slab ballastless track is further configured with a track slab buckling deformation monitoring module, the track slab buckling deformation monitoring module includes at least one group of monitoring units arranged on the track slab, the monitoring units include two fiber bragg grating array stress optical cables 31 integrated with a plurality of fiber bragg grating stress sensors, two stress optical cables 31 in the same group are longitudinally arranged along the track and are arranged in a high-low manner at each buckling deformation monitoring point, and two stress optical cables 31 are arranged in an X-shaped cross manner between two buckling deformation monitoring points which are longitudinally adjacent; the fiber grating demodulator is used for receiving the stress information sent by the stress optical cable 31, demodulating the stress information into a demodulation signal and sending the demodulation signal to the monitoring platform.
The fiber grating array stress optical cable 31 is a cable with a plurality of fiber grating stress sensors integrated in a single optical cable, is an existing product, and has the characteristics of wide monitoring coverage range (covering more than 10km as required), high measurement precision, small sensing unit interval (the minimum interval can be 1cm), and the like, and the specific structure is not described herein again. Considering that the whole line length of the ballastless track is long, the fiber bragg grating demodulators are preferably arranged in multiple numbers so as to ensure the accuracy and reliability of stress data.
Preferably, each stress optical cable 31 is continuously arranged along the whole length of the track slab 11, so that the whole-line monitoring of the buckling deformation of the ballastless track slab is realized, and the monitoring result is more accurate and reliable. The number of the monitoring units can be set according to actual conditions, a group of monitoring units can be adopted to better complete reliable monitoring of the warp deformation of the track plate, and two or more groups of monitoring units can be adopted to further improve the accuracy of monitoring results. In one embodiment, the monitoring unit is arranged outside the rail, as shown in fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 3, it can be understood that there are two fiber grating stress sensors at each warp deformation monitoring point, the two fiber grating stress sensors belong to two fiber grating array stress optical cables 31, and one of the fiber grating stress sensors is located above the other fiber grating stress sensor, that is, the requirement that the two stress optical cables 31 in the same group are arranged in a high-low manner at each warp deformation monitoring point is met.
One of the fiber grating array stress cables 31 is defined as a first stress cable 311, and the other fiber grating array stress cable 31 is defined as a second stress cable 312. As shown in fig. 3, each stress optical cable 31 has a fiber grating stress sensor at two longitudinally adjacent buckling deformation monitoring points, wherein one fiber grating stress sensor is located at a high point at one of the buckling deformation monitoring points, and the other fiber grating stress sensor is located at a low point at the other buckling deformation monitoring point, so that the stress optical cable 31 is obliquely arranged between the two longitudinally adjacent buckling deformation monitoring points; thus, in two adjacent buckling deformation monitoring points in the longitudinal direction, at the first buckling deformation monitoring point, the stress sensor of the first stress optical cable 311 is located right above the stress sensor of the second stress optical cable 312, at the second buckling deformation monitoring point, the stress sensor of the second stress optical cable 312 is located right above the stress sensor of the first stress optical cable 311, and the first stress optical cable 311 and the second stress optical cable 312 are arranged in an X-shaped crossing manner between the two adjacent buckling deformation monitoring points in the longitudinal direction.
In the embodiment, the two fiber bragg grating array stress optical cables 31 are arranged in a crossed manner, when the warp deformation monitoring point generates vertical warp deformation, the two stress optical cables 31 generate a differential effect, the warp deformation condition can be responded rapidly and intuitively, and the vertical warp deformation of the track slab can be monitored rapidly and accurately. The optical cable arrangement mode can eliminate the longitudinal displacement change of the track slab caused by the external load action such as temperature and the like, and improves the accuracy and reliability of monitoring the vertical warping deformation of the track slab.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, each stress optical cable 31 is disposed on the surface of the track slab, so that the buckling deformation of the track slab 11 can be quickly and accurately reflected, and the stress optical cables 31 are convenient to arrange, replace and maintain. Further preferably, the monitoring unit further comprises a protective cover 32, the protective cover 32 is covered on the surface of the track slab and covers the two corresponding stress optical cables 31, so that the stress optical cables 31 can be well protected; in one embodiment, the strain cable 31 is secured within a boot 32, and the boot 32 is secured to the surface of the track plate (e.g., by fasteners such as expansion screws). Further preferably, the top end of the stress optical cable 31 does not exceed the height of the rail surface of the steel rail, so as to avoid interference with train operation.
The number and distribution of the buckling deformation monitoring points can be set according to specific conditions. In one embodiment, the track slab 11 includes a plurality of segment slabs sequentially arranged along the longitudinal direction of the track, a buckling deformation monitoring point may be respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of each segment slab, or the distance between two adjacent buckling deformation monitoring points is the length of one segment slab; optionally, the distance between two adjacent buckling deformation monitoring points is 5-7 m.
Based on the track plate warp deformation monitoring module, the following track plate warp deformation monitoring method is specifically adopted:
when the buckling deformation monitoring point is buckled and deformed, the two stress optical cables 31 in the same group generate a differential effect, and a monitoring deformation is obtained based on the differential effect;
and eliminating error deformation on the basis of the monitored deformation to judge the vertical buckling deformation condition of the track slab 11, wherein the error deformation comprises error deformation of the track slab 11 caused by temperature influence and error deformation caused by deformation in other directions.
Example two
Referring to fig. 6, the invention discloses a grating array track monitoring information visualization analysis method based on BIM, which includes the following steps:
constructing a track building BIM on a monitoring platform;
arranging field monitoring points and model monitoring points of the BIM, wherein the field monitoring points correspond to the model monitoring points one by one, monitoring state information of a track structure through fiber grating sensors arranged at the field monitoring points and sending the state information to a fiber grating demodulator, and the fiber grating demodulator receives and demodulates monitoring information sent by the fiber grating sensors;
the fiber grating demodulator transmits the monitoring information of each field monitoring point to the model monitoring points corresponding to the BIM model one by one in real time, reconstructs an operation maintenance BIM model, and updates the model, information and image visualization results in real time.
Further, the state information of the track structure comprises buckling deformation, a stress value, a vibration value and temperature.
The invention can determine monitoring point location and measurement information according to BIM design, manufacture, construction scheme and information, and synchronously and virtually express the measuring point of the full-line fiber grating array sensor on a BIM model according to site location and coordinate analysis to create a full-line full-life-cycle digital twin model; setting interfaces of the BIM and the monitoring points, transmitting information such as warping deformation, stress values and vibration values of the measuring points to the measuring points corresponding to the BIM in real time, reconstructing the operating maintenance BIM, and updating the model, the information and the image visualization results in real time; simulating the train operation condition by using the BIM model and the monitoring information of the whole line measuring points, and analyzing the monitoring information of each point of the line according to the monitoring points; the BIM model and the monitoring information are utilized to carry out structural dynamics analysis, disease analysis and structural operation state analysis in combination with design, manufacture and construction information; and displaying an operation site image, vibration information, warping deformation conditions, reason analysis, repair and maintenance suggestions and the like according to the mileage and the spatial coordinate point. The invention can realize real-time fusion, reconstruction and updating of BIM model and full-line monitoring information parameterization, and virtual synchronization full-life cycle orbit visual expression.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. A grating array track monitoring information visualization analysis method based on BIM comprises the following steps:
constructing a track building BIM on a monitoring platform;
arranging site monitoring points and model monitoring points of the BIM, wherein the site monitoring points correspond to the model monitoring points one by one;
monitoring state information of a track structure through a fiber grating sensor arranged at a field monitoring point and sending the state information to a fiber grating demodulator, and receiving and demodulating monitoring information sent by the fiber grating sensor by the fiber grating demodulator;
the fiber grating demodulator transmits the monitoring information of each field monitoring point to the model monitoring points corresponding to the BIM model one by one in real time, reconstructs an operation maintenance BIM model, and updates the model, information and image visualization results in real time.
2. The BIM-based grating array track monitoring information visualization analysis method of claim 1, wherein: the state information of the track structure comprises buckling deformation, a stress value, a vibration value and temperature.
3. The BIM-based grating array track monitoring information visualization analysis method of claim 1, wherein: and simulating the train operation condition by using a BIM model in combination with the monitoring information of the whole line measuring point, performing structural dynamics analysis, disease analysis and structural operation state analysis by using the BIM model and the monitoring information, and displaying an operation site image, vibration information, warping deformation condition, reason analysis and repair and maintenance suggestion according to the mileage and the spatial coordinate point.
4. The utility model provides a grating array track monitoring information visual analysis system based on BIM which characterized in that: the optical fiber grating sensor system comprises a monitoring platform, an optical fiber grating demodulator and an optical fiber grating optical cable integrated with a plurality of optical fiber grating sensors, wherein the optical fiber grating optical cable is arranged along the length direction of a track and used for monitoring state information of the track structure and sending the state information to the optical fiber grating demodulator; the fiber grating demodulator is used for receiving monitoring information sent by a fiber grating optical cable and demodulating the monitoring information into a demodulation signal to be sent to the monitoring platform, a track building BIM model is built on the monitoring platform, the monitoring platform is used for receiving field monitoring information and guiding the field monitoring information into the BIM model, and the BIM model is reconstructed, operated and maintained.
5. The BIM-based grating array track monitoring information visualization analysis system of claim 4, wherein: the track structure is provided with a fiber grating array temperature measurement optical cable integrated with a plurality of fiber grating temperature measurement sensors, and the fiber grating array temperature measurement optical cable is used for at least collecting temperature information of the track plate and sending the temperature information to the fiber grating demodulator.
6. The BIM-based grating array track monitoring information visualization analysis system of claim 4, wherein: the fiber grating array vibration optical cable is integrated with a plurality of fiber grating vibration sensors and is arranged on the track structure, and the fiber grating array vibration optical cable is used for collecting vibration information of the track plate and sending the vibration information to the fiber grating demodulator.
7. The BIM-based grating array track monitoring information visualization analysis system of claim 4, wherein: at least one group of monitoring units are arranged on the track structure, each monitoring unit comprises two fiber grating array stress optical cables integrated with a plurality of fiber grating stress sensors, the two stress optical cables in the same group are longitudinally arranged along the track and are arranged at each buckling deformation monitoring point in a high-low mode, and the two stress optical cables are arranged between the two buckling deformation monitoring points which are longitudinally adjacent in an X-shaped crossed mode; the stress optical cable is used for sending stress information to the fiber bragg grating demodulator.
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