RU2272726C1 - Dynamic hovercraft - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to designing of amphibian vehicles with dynamic principles of support. Proposed dynamic hovercraft has wing with flaps, hull, twin-fin tail unit with rudders and stabilizer resting on fins, rudder control system, skegs mounted at end faces of wing parallel to axis of vehicle, air bottles installed in lower part of skegs and on lower surface of wing and hull in vehicle diametral plane. Airscrews with guard are arranged before nose edge of wing on swiveling pylon. Wing is made sectional, consisting of center-wing section and cantilever sections installed for changing dihedral angle relative to center-wing section. Rudder control system is furnished with extensible shock absorbed water rudder. Stabilizer is made for changing set angle of.

EFFECT: reduced hydrodynamic resistance and dynamic loading by lifting central part of wing with air bottle relative to water surface and reduced area of contact of vehicle and water.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to shipbuilding, in particular, for the construction of amphibious vehicles with dynamic principles of maintenance.

Known vehicles (TS) using a dynamic air cushion when driving.

The vehicle on a dynamic air cushion "Rocket-2" [1] (Sudostroenie magazine, No. 1, 1991, Leningrad, Shipbuilding, p. 6), which contains a tail housing installed in the middle of the housing, low located main carrier wing of small elongation with a flap, high located wing of large elongation in the bow of the body with turboprop engines placed on it, rigid skegs located at the ends of the main carrier wing parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle with those installed in their lower part pneumocylinders, the central pneumocylinder located on the lower surface of the body. The nose wing is equipped with flaps to deflect the air flow from the screws under the main carrier wing. On the horizontal tail there is no elevator.

The essential features of this vehicle, which coincide with the essential features of the claimed invention, are: a tail unit, a wing with flaps, rigid skegs located at the wing ends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, in the lower part of which are installed air cylinders, a central air cylinder installed in the lower body parts, an engine with propulsors located in front of the main load-bearing wing.

A vehicle on a dynamic air cushion is known according to the USSR author's certificate No. 1786768 [2], which contains a fuselage with a tail of horizontal tail, a rectangular-shaped wing with sectioned, shock-absorbed and controlled flaps and engines located on it, connected in front of the wing by thrusters made in the form of propellers in annular nozzles with controlled horizontal wings for deflecting the air flow from the screws in the vertical plane, side skegs mounted from the ends of the wing, in bo ttom parts are mounted redanami bellows with a certain geometry and location, the lower edge of the air of the fuselage is located above the lower edges of the side skegs bellows, the outer shell of the air of the fuselage is formed as a series of inflatable longitudinal sections connected by bridges.

The essential features of the prototype, coinciding with the essential features of the claimed invention are:

horizontal tail tail fuselage, wing with flaps, rotary propellers located in front of the wing on the pylon, propeller guards in the form of ring nozzles, side skegs mounted from wing ends, air balloons with redans of a certain geometry and location, installed in the lower part of the side skegs and the fuselage, while the lower edge of the air fuselage balloon is located above the lower edges of the air cylinders of the side skegs.

A vehicle on a dynamic air cushion according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2087351 [3] is known, comprising a body, a wing with flaps, rigid skegs located at the wing ends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, with air balloons installed in their lower part, an elastic retractable pneumatic ski mounted on the lower nose of the hull, two-keel tail unit, propellers located in front of the wing on a pylon mounted with the possibility of its rotation, fencing of propellers in the form of curved beams connecting the noses tipped ends of the skeg and body.

The essential features of this vehicle, which coincide with the essential features of the claimed invention, are: a body, a wing with flaps, rigid skegs located at the wing ends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle with air balloons in their lower part, vertical tail unit with a rudder, a stabilizer located in the upper parts of vertical plumage, propellers located in front of the wing on the rotary pylon, propeller guard.

It is known TS on a dynamic air cushion according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2173644 [5], adopted as a prototype.

The specified vehicle contains: a body, a wing with flaps, skegs installed in the wing end sections parallel to the axis of the vehicle, air cylinders installed in the lower part of the skeg, a pneumatic cylinder mounted on the bottom surface of the wing and body in the diametrical plane, tail unit, propellers or turbofan engines located in front of the leading edge of the wing on a pylon mounted with the possibility of rotation about an axis perpendicular to the diametrical plane of the transport means, vertical plumage with rudder, stabilizer located in the upper part of vertical plumage, propeller guards made in the form of L-shaped cantilever beams, control knobs for pivot rotation and flap rotation, located on the driver’s control panel in close proximity to each other moreover, one of the handles is equipped with a latch with the possibility of fastening and unfastening it with another handle when they are combined in one plane.

The essential features of this vehicle, coinciding with the essential features of the claimed invention are: body, wing with flaps, propellers located in front of the leading edge of the wing on the rotary pylon, vertical tail with rudder, stabilizer located in the upper part of the vertical tail, fencing of propellers, skegs installed in wing end sections parallel to the TC axis, pneumocylinders installed in the lower part of the skegs, pneumocylinder mounted on the lower surface of the wing and Busan diametrical plane of the vehicle.

The disadvantages of the prototype, established during its operation, is; increased hydrodynamic resistance and dynamic loading of the vehicle due to the development of the residual death of the wing over time and its significant elastic deformations at maximum values of the mass of the apparatus;

- low maneuverability of the vehicle at the heading at low speeds along the water;

- a large take-off distance before reaching the cruising mode of movement when the aft alignment of the vehicle and the maximum values of its mass.

The essence of the claimed invention, which allows to eliminate these drawbacks, consists in creating a wing with a variable height of its central part, forming an integrated control system for the course using air and water rudders, as well as in rational control of the installation angle of attack of the stabilizer.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the present invention is that the reduction of hydrodynamic resistance and dynamic loading is carried out by lifting the Central part of the wing with a pneumatic balloon relative to the surface of the water, resulting in reduced contact area of the vehicle with the aqueous medium.

In this case, unlike analogues [1] - [3], the vehicle is highly maneuverable at the heading at low water speeds due to the inclusion of an additional retractable water steering wheel in the air rudder control system, which provides a significant increase in lateral forces and moments when controlling the vehicle.

In addition, a significant reduction in the vehicle’s take-off distances is achieved at its maximum masses and feed centerings due to the installation of an optimal stabilizer angle of attack before exiting, which ensures maximum lifting force and minimum resistance to the vehicle during its take-off run.

The essential features of the claimed vehicle are:

- wing with flaps;

- housing;

- Two-tail tail with rudders;

- stabilizer based on keels;

- skegs mounted on the ends of the wing parallel to the axis of the vehicle;

- air balloons installed in the lower part of the skegs and on the lower surface of the wing and body in the diametrical plane of the vehicle;

- propellers located in front of the nasal edge of the wing on the rotary pylon;

- propeller guards.

Distinctive features that ensure the achievement of a technical result in conjunction with the above essential features are:

- a composite wing, including the Central part (center section) and cantilever parts installed with the possibility of changing the angle of the transverse V-shape with respect to the center section of the wing;

- rudder control system equipped with a retractable shock-absorbed water rudder;

- the stabilizer is configured to change the installation angle of attack.

Figure 1 schematically shows a vehicle in a view from the nose;

figure 2 - TS in side view,

figure 3 - TS in plan view,

figure 4 schematically shows a fragment of the cross-section of the wing span (node pairing the center section with the console part) as one of the options for its structural implementation,

figure 5 schematically presents one of the possible options for controlling the air rudders in conjunction with a retractable shock-absorbed water rudder,

figure 6 schematically shows one of the possible options for adjusting the installation angle of attack of the stabilizer.

A vehicle on a dynamic air cushion contains a wing consisting of a center wing 1 and cantilever parts 2, flaps 3, body 4, in the rear of which a two-keel tail unit 5 with rudders 6 is installed, a stabilizer 7 based on keels 5, skegs 8, located at the ends of the console parts 2 of the wing parallel to the axis of the vehicle, pneumocylinders 9 installed in the lower part of the skegs 8, the central pneumocylinder 10 mounted on the lower surface of the wing center section 1 and body 4 in the diametrical plane of the vehicle, air wines You 11, located in front of the wing nose on the pylon 12 and equipped with a guard 13.

The cantilever parts 2 of the wing along their lower edges are pivotally mounted 14 along the chord with the center section 1 of the wing and are equipped with interchangeable spacers 15 that form a given angle of the transverse V-shape.

The control system for rudders with a retractable water steering wheel includes a steering wheel 16, its column 17, supports 18, a sector of the steering wheel 19, turnbuckles 20, wire cables 21, guide rollers 22, a sector of a retractable water steering wheel 23, a subsiding mechanism of the water steering wheel 24, a feather of the water steering wheel 25, rudder sector 26, rudder rod traction 27, rudder 6.

The control system for the installation angle of attack of the stabilizer 7 contains its nose 28 and rear aft 29 articulated supports, as well as an electromechanism 30, rigidly connected to the articulated supports 28 and 31.

Joint control of the rudders 6 and the retractable water rudder 25 is ensured by a cable wiring 21, which combines sectors 23 and 26 into a single kinematic chain. The subsidence mechanism 24, installed in the drive of the retractable water rudder, is a shock absorber that removes excess loads that arise on the rudder 25.

Vehicle control is carried out as follows. Before the vehicle exit, the cantilever parts 2 of the wing are rotated relative to the wing center section 1 by hinges 14 with the necessary spacers 15. The stabilizer 7 is mounted at a predetermined angle of attack by rotating it relative to the stern hinge supports 29 by releasing (cleaning) the rod of the electromechanism 30 connected to the hinge 28 The propellers 11 mounted on the rotary pylon 12, together with the flaps 3 are lowered down. The propellers 11 are launched, the air jets from which enter the domed space formed by the lower surface of the wing and flaps 3, as well as the lateral surfaces of the air balloons 9 and 10. In this space, the air flow is decelerated, which creates a lifting force that unloads the vehicle. Due to the longitudinal component of the thrust of the propellers 11, the vehicle starts to take off. To ensure effective maneuvering at low speeds along the water, the water rudder 25 is released and the rudders of 6 direction and the retractable water rudder 25 are jointly controlled. As the speed increases due to an increase in the revolutions of the propellers 11 TC and the rudders of the 6 directional efficiency increase, the quill pen the steering wheel 25 is retracted, and the vehicle itself, having an optimal installation angle of attack of the stabilizer, moves with the necessary trim, providing a minimum take-off distance. For the adopted transverse V-shape of the wing, the height of the wing center wing 1 with the central air balloon 10 relative to the water surface is sufficient to provide minimum hydrodynamic resistance and dynamic loading of the vehicle during the take-off stage.

The pilot operation of the vehicle on a dynamic air cushion confirmed the receipt of the required technical result when implementing the totality of the essential features of the claimed invention.

Claims (1)

A vehicle with a dynamic air cushion containing a wing with flaps, a body, a two-wing tail unit with rudders and a stabilizer based on keels, a rudder control system, skegs mounted at the ends of the wing parallel to the axis of the vehicle, air balloons installed at the bottom of the skegs and on the lower surface of the wing and the hull in the diametrical plane of the vehicle, propellers located in front of the nose edge of the wing on the rotary pylon, fence stuffy screws, characterized in that the wing is made integral, comprising a center section and cantilever parts mounted with the possibility of changing the angle of the transverse V-shape with respect to the center section of the wing, the rudder control system is equipped with a retractable shock-absorbed water wheel, and the stabilizer is made with the possibility of changing the installation angle attacks.

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