RU2258620C1 - Dynamic air cushion amphibious vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to amphibious vehicles on dynamic air cushion. Proposed vehicle has platform-wing rectangular in plan with aspect ratio at 0.3-0.4 of its length, flap in aft part and interceptor on lower surface installed for deflecting downwards and with axle of rotation arranged at a distance not exceeding 0.7 of its length from force edge of platform. Three-dimensional skegs of vehicle are installed at end faces of platform parallel to its longitudinal axis, and vertical control surfaces are located in aft part of skegs. Elastic air bottles are installed on lower surface of each skeg. Wheel house of vehicle is found on upper surface of platform in its diametral part. Gas-turbine (turbofan) blow-under engines and thrust engines are mounted, respectively, in fore and aft parts of each skeg. Blow-under engines are furnished with tubular exhaust unit pointed to fore part of vehicle. Front part of exhaust unit is located before platform, being made parallel to its fore edge and equipped with nozzles deflecting in vertical plane, installed parallel to longitudinal axis of platform and secured on beam-pylon resting on fore parts of skegs Nozzle exit sections are located before fore edge of platform at distance not less than 0.15 of its length. Exhaust unit of thrust engine is provided with nozzles installed for turning in horizontal plane.

EFFECT: improved maneuverability of vehicle at optimum arrangement of interceptor in length and turning of nozzles of exhaust unit of thrust engine in horizontal plane.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of shipbuilding and, in particular, relates to the design of ships and amphibian vehicles with dynamic principles of maintenance.

Known vehicles (TS) using a dynamic air cushion when driving. For example, a vehicle with a dynamic air cushion according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2087351 [1] is known, comprising a body, a wing with flaps, rigid skegs located at the wing ends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, with pneumatic balloons installed in their lower part, an elastic retractable pneumatic skis, mounted on the lower bow of the hull, twin tail fin, propellers located in front of the wing on a pylon mounted with the possibility of its rotation, fencing of propellers in the form of curvilines ynyh beams that connect the bow and skeg hull.

The essential features of this vehicle, which coincide with the essential features of the claimed invention, are: a wing with flaps, rigid skegs located at the ends of the wing parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle with air balloons in their lower part, vertical tail.

A vehicle with a dynamic air cushion according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2173644 [2] is known, comprising a body, a wing with flaps, skegs installed in the wing end sections parallel to the axis of the vehicle, air balloons installed in the lower part of the skeg, and an air balloon mounted on the lower surface of the wing and bodies in the diametrical plane, tail, propellers or turbofan engines located in front of the front edge of the wing on the pylon mounted with the possibility of rotation relative to about and, perpendicular to the vehicle’s diametrical plane, vertical tail with rudder, stabilizer located at the top of the vertical tail, propeller guards made in the form of L-shaped cantilever beams, a pylon turning control knob and a flap turning control knob located on the control panel the driver in close proximity to each other, and one of the handles is equipped with a latch with the possibility of fastening and unfastening it with another handle when they are combined in ne plane. In a particular embodiment of the invention, a marching (traction) engine is mounted on a vertical tail.

The essential features of this vehicle, which coincide with the essential features of the claimed invention, are: wing with flaps, vertical tail, skegs installed in the wing end sections parallel to the axis of the vehicle, air balloons installed in the lower part of the skegs, engines for providing traction and blowing.

Known vehicle on a dynamic air cushion according to the author's certificate of the USSR No. 1786768 [3], adopted as a prototype.

The indicated vehicle contains:

a fuselage with a tail of horizontal tail, a rectangular wing in plan with a span equal to 0.8-1.2 chords of this wing, equipped with sectioned, shock-absorbed and controlled flaps and flaps installed in the aft part of the wing, with engines located on it, connected in front of the wing by movers made in the form of propellers in annular nozzles with controlled horizontal wings for deflecting the air flow from the propellers in the vertical plane, lateral mounted from the ends of the wing skegs, in the lower part of which air balloons with redans of a certain geometry and location are installed, the lower edge of the fuselage air balloon is located above the lower edges of the side skeg air cylinders, and the outer shell of the fuselage air balloon is made in the form of a series of longitudinal inflatable sections connected by jumpers.

The essential features of the prototype, coinciding with the essential features of the claimed invention are:

rectangular wing with flaps and flaps, side skegs mounted from the wing ends parallel to the axis of the vehicle, air cylinders installed in the lower part of the side skegs.

The disadvantages of the prototype and the above vehicles are:

- the complexity of the design, characterized by the presence of horizontal plumage, devices and drives for changing the angle of deviation of the air jets of propulsors; this complication is due to the fact that the cruising mode of movement of known vehicles is carried out near the supporting surface (screen) without contact with the latter and requires the necessary stabilization at high speed;

- limited maneuverability characteristics of the vehicle at low speeds and the lack of the ability to maneuver at the heading and trim when the vehicle is completely stopped, which is especially important for the operation of mooring and moving away from the target object;

(

где Y - подъемная сила, Р - тяга поддувных двигателей), что приводит к дополнительным энергозатратам.- insufficient efficiency of the dynamic air cushion in the mode of movement with a blow, expressed in a relatively low value of the relative lift

(

where Y is the lifting force, P is the thrust of the inflatable engines), which leads to additional energy costs.

The essence of the claimed invention, which allows to eliminate these disadvantages, is to simplify the design of the claimed vehicle by eliminating a number of units and devices, including the rejection of the complex aerodynamic profile of the wing platform, in choosing the optimal extension of the wing platform and the position of the axis of rotation of the shield relative to the nose edge of the platform, as well as in creating a more rational system for controlling gas jets of blowing and traction engines.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the present invention is that the cruising mode of the claimed vehicle is carried out on a dynamic air cushion created by directing gas jets of blowing engines flowing from nozzles mounted on a gas exhaust device in front of the nose edge of the platform into the blowing circuit, formed by a platform with a flap down and skegs with air balloons.

The lifting force on the platform that occurs when braking gas jets in the blowing circuit provides weight unloading of the vehicle with minimal energy costs by choosing the optimal values for the extension of the platform and the separation of the nozzle cut of the gas exhaust device of the blowing engines from the nose edge of the platform.

In this case, unlike analogues [1] - [3], high maneuverability characteristics of the claimed vehicle are achieved at low speeds at the heading and trim with the possibility of their implementation when the vehicle is completely stopped due to the optimal placement of the shield (interceptor) along the length of the platform and installation horizontal rotary nozzles of a gas exhaust device of traction engines.

For vehicles [1] - [3] in the take-off mode, the same principle of weight unloading is used, however, in contrast to them, the claimed vehicle does not have a non-contact movement mode on the screen, which simplifies the design of the vehicle: when moving in contact with water or a solid screen ( ice, snow, earth, etc.) it is not required to have a wing with an aerodynamic profile, horizontal tail, as well as designs and drives for changing the deflection angle of air jets inherent in analogues and prototype.

The essential features of the claimed vehicle are:

- a rectangular wing platform with flaps in the stern and a shield (interceptor) mounted on its lower surface with the possibility of its deflection downward;

- volumetric skegs mounted on the ends of the platform parallel to its longitudinal axis;

- vertical plumage located in the aft of the skegs;

- elastic air cylinders mounted on the lower surface of each skeg;

- a wheelhouse located on the upper surface of the platform in its diametrical part;

- gas turbine (turbofan) blowing and traction engines located respectively in the fore and aft parts of each skeg.

Distinctive features that ensure the achievement of a technical result in conjunction with the above essential features are:

- the presence of blowing engines with a gas-exhaust device of a tubular structure directed to the nose of the vehicle;

- the front of the gas exhaust device of the blowing engines is located in front of the platform and is parallel to the nose edge of the platform;

- gas exhaust device of blowing engines is equipped with nozzles deflected in the vertical plane, mounted parallel to the longitudinal axis of the platform;

- the front of the gas exhaust device of the blowing engines is mounted on a pylon beam resting on the bow of the skegs;

- sections of nozzles of a gas exhaust device of blowing engines are placed in front of the nose edge of the platform at a distance of at least 0.15 of the length of the platform;

- gas exhaust devices of traction engines are equipped with nozzles mounted to rotate them in a horizontal plane;

- the platform has an elongation of 0.3-0.4;

- the axis of rotation of the shield (interceptor) is separated from the nose edge

platforms at a distance of not more than 0.7 of the length of the platform.

Figure 1 schematically shows the vehicle in the view from the nose,

figure 2 - TS in side view,

figure 3 - TS in the plan view.

, где b и l - соответственно ширина и длина платформы), равное 0,3-0,4, обеспечиващее получение максимальной относительной подъемной силы поддува (

, где Y - подъемная сила, Р - тяга поддувных двигателей) при минимальных затратах мощности поддувных двигателей. Для осуществления балансировки аппарата при различных эксплуатационных массах и центровках ТС с минимальными энергетическими затратами на нижней поверхности платформы 1 установлен щиток 3, ось вращения 4 которого расположена от носовой кромки 5 платформы на расстоянии не более 0,7 ее длины. По торцам платформы параллельно ее продольной оси установлены объемные скеги 6 с эластичными пневмобаллонами 7 в нижней части каждого скега. Для обеспечения устойчивости на курсе в кормовой части каждого скега установлено вертикальное оперение 8. В носовой части каждого скега расположены поддувные газотурбинные (турбовентиляторные) двигатели 9 с газовыхлопным устройством 10 в виде трубчатой конструкции, направленным в сторону носовой оконечности ТС. Передняя часть 11 газовыхлопного устройства выполнена параллельно носовой кромке платформы, оборудована отклоняющимися в вертикальной плоскости соплами 12 и закреплена на балке-пилоне 13, опирающейся на носовые части скегов левого и правого борта. Для обеспечения максимального значения относительной подъемной силы поддува на платформе-крыле в сочетании с оптимальным положением центра давления этих сил срез 14 сопел 12, расположен впереди носовой кромки платформы на расстоянии не менее 0,15 длины платформы. На верхней поверхности платформы в ее диаметральной части установлена ходовая рубка 15. В кормовой части скегов расположены газотурбинные (турбовентиляторные) двигатели 16, газовыхлопные устройства которых оборудованы соплами 17, установленными с возможностью их поворота в горизонтальной плоскости для обеспечения маневрирования ТС по курсу на различных режимах его движения.The inventive vehicle is a rectangular plan platform wing 1 with a flap 2 in the aft. The platform has an extension (

, where b and l are, respectively, the width and length of the platform), equal to 0.3-0.4, providing the maximum relative lifting force of the blowing (

, where Y is the lifting force, P is the thrust of the blowing engines) with minimal power consumption of the blowing engines. To balance the apparatus at various operating weights and vehicle alignments with minimal energy costs, a shield 3 is installed on the lower surface of the platform 1, the axis of rotation 4 of which is located from the nose edge 5 of the platform at a distance of no more than 0.7 of its length. At the ends of the platform parallel to its longitudinal axis, volumetric skegs 6 are installed with elastic pneumocylinders 7 in the lower part of each skeg. To ensure stability on the course, a vertical tail unit is installed in the aft of each skeg 8. In the bow of each skeg there are inflated gas-turbine (turbofan) engines 9 with a gas exhaust device 10 in the form of a tubular structure directed towards the nose of the vehicle. The front part 11 of the gas exhaust device is made parallel to the nose edge of the platform, equipped with nozzles 12 deflecting in the vertical plane and mounted on the pylon beam 13, which is supported by the bow parts of the left and right side skegs. To ensure the maximum value of the relative lifting force of the blow on the wing platform, in combination with the optimal position of the center of pressure of these forces, the slice 14 of the nozzles 12 is located in front of the nose edge of the platform at a distance of at least 0.15 of the length of the platform. A wheelhouse 15 is installed on the upper surface of the platform in its diametric part. Gas turbine (turbofan) engines 16 are located in the aft part of the skegs, gas exhaust devices of which are equipped with nozzles 17 installed with the possibility of their rotation in the horizontal plane to allow the vehicle to be maneuvered at the heading in different modes movement.

The movement of the vehicle is as follows. To implement the cruising mode of movement when the vehicle is fully loaded, the flap 2 in the aft part of the platform lowers down. Inflatable 9 and traction 16 engines are launched. The gas jets of the blowing engines 9 move through the pipes of the gas exhaust device 10 and 11 and are fed through the deflected nozzles 12 to the lower surface of the platform 1. In a closed circuit, bounded by the top 1 and the back of the platform 1 and the flap 2 lowered, and on the side by the skegs 6 with air cylinders 7, braking of gas jets and increasing pressure under platform 1, due to which there is a lifting force that unloads the vehicle. The speed of the traction motors 16 increases, and the vehicle is accelerated to cruising speed.

The same mode of vehicle movement, but with a lower mass (“empty” movement) and centering shifted to the nose, is carried out by additional lowering of the shield (interceptor) 3, as a result of which the lifting force decreases, and the center of pressure of these forces is shifted to the nose, that is balancing of the vehicle by trim.

To implement maneuvering operations of approaching and moving away from the target object at a low speed or when the vehicle is completely stopped, the vehicle is controlled at the heading by turning the nozzles 17 of the traction motors 16 in the horizontal plane, as well as by the trim by lowering the shield 3 to the required angle. In this case, the flap 2 is released, and through the nozzles 12 deflected downward, gas jets are fed under the platform 1 through the gas exhaust device 10, 11 of the blower engines 9.

The presence of elastic pneumocylinders 7 in combination with weight unloading provide the vehicle with amphibious qualities.

The above parameters of the cutoff position of the nozzles of a gas exhaust device of blowing engines, the range of extensions of the wing platform and the placement of the axis of rotation of the shield relative to the nose edge of the platform, ensuring the achievement of the goal of the invention, are substantiated by the results of parametric studies on a special blowing stand and confirmed by tests of a towed and radio-controlled model.

Claims (1)

Amphibious vehicle on a dynamic air cushion containing a rectangular wing platform with a flap in the aft and a flap (interceptor) mounted on its lower surface with the possibility of its deflection downward, volumetric skegs mounted on the ends of the platform parallel to its longitudinal axis, vertical plumage located in the aft of the skegs, elastic air balloons installed on the lower surface of each skeg, wheelhouse located on the upper surface of the platform in its diameter of the trawl part, gas-turbine (turbofan) blowing and traction engines located respectively in the bow and stern parts of each skeg, characterized in that the blowing engines are equipped with a gas exhaust device of a tubular structure directed into the nose of the vehicle, the front part of the gas exhaust device being located in front of the platform and made parallel to the nose edge of the platform, equipped with nozzles deflected in a vertical plane mounted parallel to the longitudinal axis of the platform, and mounted on a pylon beam resting on the nose of the skegs, and nozzle sections are placed in front of the nose of the platform at a distance of at least 0.15 of the length of the platform, the gas exhaust device of the traction motors is equipped with nozzles mounted for rotation in the horizontal plane, while the platform is made with an extension equal to 0.3 ÷ 0.4 of its length, with the placement of the axis of rotation of the shield from the nose edge of the platform at a distance of not more than 0.7 of the length of the platform.

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