RU68424U1 - DEVICE FOR COMPENSATION OF THE TILTING POINT OF AN AMPHIBIAN APPARATUS ON THE AIR PILLOW - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to air-cushion vehicles (SVP) and can be used year-round in conditions of complete impassability, in river basins, including rivers that do not have guaranteed depths of the ship, for regular transport work on the delivery of goods, as a cargo-passenger ferry, in the aftermath floods, in rescue operations in the tundra, on rivers and at sea.

The objective of the invention is to compensate for the overturning moment, i.e. safety (against capsizing) due to the guaranteed separation of the bow of the vessel from the surface.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the amphibious hovercraft, comprising a hull with a flexible enclosure of the air cushion, including side skegs, front and rear flexible elements, and with rigid sides, an engine, propulsion and discharge units with their drive mechanism and control system, an inflatable board mounted on the rigid sides of the hull around the perimeter of the vessel, and in the bow of the vessel on the axis of the hingedly fixed wing, made split, consisting of two identical parts, symmetrical Tel'nykh plane passing the center axis of rotation perpendicular to it.

Description

The utility model relates to air-cushion vehicles and can be used year-round in conditions of complete impassability, in river basins, including rivers that do not have guaranteed depths of the ship, for regular transport work on the delivery of goods, as a cargo-passenger ferry, in the aftermath of floods, in rescue operations in the tundra, on rivers and at sea.

A hovercraft is known (RF patent No. 2174080) containing a fuselage comprising a navigator’s cockpit located in a superstructure on top of the nose of the fuselage, a cockpit and a flight engineer installed in the cockpit of an engine control panel, engine and onboard systems monitoring devices, apparatus control , flight and navigation instruments and equipment, radio equipment, on-board electrical equipment, a cargo compartment with transport and handling equipment, a cargo hatch and a ramp in the rear part from the bottom, located on the sides of the fuselage the right and left landing gears, the main landing gear with brake wheels retractable into the gondolas, the front landing gear retractable into the fuselage, the wing with soft fuel tanks located inside, the two-wing vertical tail assembly consisting of keels with rudders and trim tabs, a tail horizontal stabilizer with elevator and trimmer, two marching turboprop engines installed in wing nacelles with rotationally rotating coaxial propellers of variable pitch, located left gondola chassis auxiliary power unit, a fuel system, the system

centralized fueling, portable and stationary automatic fire engines for main engines, a system for pressurizing fuel tanks with neutral gas, a hydraulic system, a pneumatic system, wing fairings with navigation lights, a mast with a surveillance radar antenna behind the superstructure, on the left and right sides at the top of the fuselage mount lodges for transported long loads, a platform attached to the fuselage from below, consisting of the right and left side sections, the right and left pontoons with pressurized tank compartments inflated by a neutral gas system, a front caisson with air-heat heating of the front sock, a transom with a tail part deflected together with the ramp, air-heat heated stem, a peripheral flexible two-tier air cushion attached around the platform perimeter, flexible monolith receiver and flexible nozzle segments, attached directly to the bottom of the fuselage, longitudinal flexible two-tier sectioned keel, pressurization system an ear cushion consisting of a right and left airplane type engine nacelle, each of which has a dual-circuit turbofan engine with a large bypass ratio, a fuel system, an automatic fire-fighting dual-mode system, an air-heat heating system for the engine air intake, installed at the outlet of the lifting motors of the output diffusers with airbag boost control units.

This device has the following disadvantages:

- large overall and mass characteristics;

- high manufacturing costs;

Also known is an amphibious hovercraft (RF patent No. 2126753), which contains a hull with a rigid flat bottom with a flexible enclosure of the air cushion, including side skegs, front and rear flexible elements and with rigid sides, an engine, propulsion and discharge units with their mechanism drive and control system and an inflatable board mounted on rigid sides of the hull around the perimeter of the vessel. The outer edges of the side skegs of an amphibious vessel are fixed on the inflatable side, and the inner edges are fixed to the bottom of the hull. Amphibious vessel is made with a central skeg. The discharge installation is made with a steering device that regulates the discharge of air into the chambers. The amphibious vessel is made with controlled flaps located in the discharge unit. Skegs are made with protectors. The hull of the amphibious vessel is made detachable. The bottom of the hull of the amphibian vessel is made flat, and its bow is made inclined at an angle of attack relative to the horizontal. The angle of attack of the bottom is within 10-14 °. The propulsion system of an amphibious vessel is made in the form of a pushing propeller in an annular nozzle, behind which horizontal and vertical aerodynamic rudders are installed. A rectangular frame with vertical and horizontal rudders is rigidly fixed to the propeller in the annular nozzle. Horizontal and vertical rudders are made integral, having, for example, fixed and deviating parts. The discharge unit is configured to receive the torque of the power engine by means of a V-belt transmission.

At high speeds, due to the fact that the traction force and the drag force act in different planes, a tilting moment occurs (Fig. 1, where F ₁ , - gravity, depending on the distribution of the payload; F ₂ - air lift

pillows; F ₃ - force drag; F ₄ - traction force). As a result, the ship may roll over. In this utility model, horizontal rudders located in the propeller stream can be used to compensate for the overturning moment. Such control leads to irrational use of energy, i.e. superchargers serve to raise the vessel above the surface, and horizontal rudders to press it to the surface. Horizontal rudders located in the flow are additional resistance, which leads to loss of traction.

The purpose of this useful model is to compensate for the overturning moment, i.e. ensuring safety (from capsizing) due to a larger separation of the bow of the vessel from the surface.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the amphibious device on an air cushion, comprising a body with a flexible enclosure of the air cushion, including side skegs, front and rear flexible elements, and with rigid sides, an engine, propulsion and discharge units with their drive mechanism and control system, an inflatable board mounted on the rigid sides of the hull around the perimeter of the device, and in the nose of the device on the axis of the hingedly fixed wing, made split, consisting of two identical parts, symmetrical o relative to the plane passing in the center of the axis of rotation, perpendicular to it.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by 5 drawings, where figure 1 shows a side view of the described apparatus; figure 2 shows a top view of the apparatus; figure 3 combined image of the view in the bow (a) with a view in the stern (b) of the apparatus; figure 4 shows a diagram of the General arrangement of the apparatus; figure 5 shows the wing in a perspective view.

The amphibious apparatus on the VP (Figs. 1-4) has a rigid body 1, on the bottom of which two longitudinal inflatable skegs 2 are installed on the sides, which limit the zone of increased pressure of the VP. In the bow 3 of the stern 4 ends of the apparatus on the bottom of the hull 1 are installed front 5 and rear 6 flexible guards (GO) VP. Inflatable interchangeable skegs 2 are made in the form of a sealed container with a diameter of 400 mm from PVC fabric (PVC - polyvinyl chloride). The bow 3 GO is made of PVC fabric in the form of a cloth fixed on the bottom of the hull 1 across the vessel. Stern 4 GO is made in the form of a single-tier balloon open from the nose side without PVC side walls. The fore part 3 of the vessel is an open area where the anchor device and assemblies, the cockpit heating systems are located, is closed by a removable awning 7. In the aft part 4 of the apparatus (rigid hull) the propulsive 8 and discharge 9 installations of the ship's VP are located. Along the perimeter of the housing 1 of the apparatus on its lateral rigid walls is fixed an inflatable board 10 made of PVC fabric in the form of an inflatable balloon with a diameter of 500 mm, divided into compartments by internal bulkheads. The discharge unit 9 is made with a steering device that controls the discharge of air into the chambers.

The housing 1 is made integral (it is subdivided along the length, for example, into three volume sections connected by power bolt assemblies and hinges). The bottom of the housing 1 is made flat, and its nose is inclined at an angle of attack α relative to the horizontal. The angle of attack is in the range of 10-14 °. The propulsion system 8 of the vessel is made in the form of a propeller 12 of a fan type in an annular nozzle, behind which there are installed 13 aerodynamic rudders. In the annular nozzle for the propeller 12 is rigidly fixed to the frame 17, on which the aforementioned rudders are placed 13. The control of the vertical rudders 13 contains a duplicated two-sided rudder drive, a rotary steering wheel, a transmission mechanism

from the helm to the rudder drive, which reduces the effort on the helm, stops the extreme position of the helm (see figure 4). Aerodynamic rudders 13 are made integral, having, for example, fixed parts mounted on the frame 17, and deviating parts.

The wing 14 (figure 5) is made split. Consists of two identical parts. Parts of the wing are located on the same axis and can rotate (take different angles of attack) independently of each other. The rotation of the wing part about the axis is carried out, for example, by a reducer 15. Which is located under the wing part, on the cockpit and is connected with it by a thrust. The magnitude and direction of the angles of rotation of the wing is determined, for example, by a gyroscope 16. The axis of the wing is attached to the hull of the vessel using struts 19.

The operation of the hovercraft is as follows. The vessel rests on the skegs 2. The propulsion unit 8 and the blower unit 9 are driven into the vessel for translational movement. When the blower unit 9 is operated inside the volume limited by the movable elements 5, 6, the side skegs and the supporting surface of the screen, excessive static pressure of the air cushion is created and the ship hovering above the supporting surface. Propulsion system 8 drives the ship in translational motion by creating traction.

Vertical rudders 13 are installed in the air stream from the propeller 12, the speed of which weakly depends on the speed of the vessel, and is determined by the revolutions of the propeller (engine). Thus, rudder efficiency is the same at all vessel speeds and can be increased (decreased) by short-term increase (decrease) in engine speed (rudder lever).

When moving in the forward direction, an element of the automatic control system 16, a device, such as a gyroscope, registers the deviation of the vessel from a horizontal position in two planes,

generates an electrical signal, the signal is fed to an element of the automatic control system 15 (for example, a gearbox), which converts it into movement (rotation around a fixed axis) of the wing. As a result, the angle of attack of the wing changes, the lifting force of the wing changes, compensating for the forces that caused the deflection of the vessel.

The vessel is controlled in such a way that when the amphibian vessel turns at the VP, the automatic control system 15.16 sets the wing components to the position (Fig. 5) which leads to the bank tipping, turning direction (for example, when the vessel turns to the right, part of the composite the wing, which is closer to the starboard side, will have a negative angle of attack, the other part of the composite wing, at the port side will have a positive angle of attack, which will lead to the vessel tipping to the right side).

Thus, this invention increases stability (reduces the likelihood of capsizing), increases the efficiency and safety of control, as well as the maneuverability of the vessel. Reduces the energy consumption of the vessel, which allows to increase the mass of the payload.

Claims (1)

An amphibious hovercraft comprising a body with a flexible air cushion enclosure including side skegs, front and rear flexible elements, and with rigid sides, an engine, propulsion and discharge units with a drive mechanism and a control system, an inflatable side mounted on rigid sides hull around the perimeter of the vessel, characterized in that in the bow of the vessel on the axis of the pivotally fixed wing, made split, consisting of two identical parts, symmetrical with respect to the plane passing in the center of the axis of rotation, perpendicular to it.