RU2271644C2 - Method for caring of planted potato and apparatus for effectuating the same - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, planted potato care method and equipment.

SUBSTANCE: method involves post-planting mellowing of soil in spacing; growing ridges and mellowing soil top layer by means of rotavator drums for weed control, with weed controlling and growing of ridges being performed twice as weeds emerge before appearance of sprouts and twice after appearance of sprouts by means of three-tier hoes, rotavator drums and hillers. Soil top layer is mellowed and weeds are combed out with the help of scrapers-planks of rotavator drum by separating 3-5 cm thick top layer of soil in conjunction with weeds and by breaking connection of weed root neck part with soil. Ridge is grown after cultivation thereof with the help of rotavator drums. Apparatus has frame, three-tier hoes, rotavator drums, and hillers. Rotavator drums which serve simultaneously as working tools and supporting and feeling wheels are made in the form of geometric figure consisting of two truncated cones and cylinder with scrapers-planks welded to generatrix surfaces thereof and adapted for drawing top layer of soil in conjunction with weeds and for breaking connection between weed root neck part with soil, and ground catches.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in controlling of weedage among potato plants without employment of herbicides, and enhanced reliability in of apparatus.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The claimed invention relates to agriculture, in particular to technological processes for the destruction of weeds and loosening of the soil on planting potatoes.

A known method of caring for planting potatoes, including post-planting loosening of the soil between the rows, growing the ridge, loosening the rotary drums of the upper soil layer with the destruction of weeds (SU 1792232 A1, 01/30/1993).

A device for caring for planting potatoes is known, including three-tier legs, rotary drums and hills (SU 1792232 A1, 01/30/1993).

The disadvantage of the method of destruction of weeds and the device for its implementation using rotary harrows is the inefficient technological process of weed destruction by spring-loaded rotary harrows for processing the top of the ridge, as well as their low operational reliability.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the destruction of weeds by mechanical means and loosening the soil when caring for potato plants, the exclusion of the use of herbicides, increasing the reliability of the operation of the rotary harrow.

This is achieved by the fact that in the known method of caring for planting potatoes, including after-planting loosening the soil between the rows, growing the ridge, loosening the topsoil with rotary drums and destroying the weeds, weeds are destroyed and the ridges are grown twice as the weeds germinate before emergence and two times after the emergence of sprouts with three-tier paws, rotary drums and ridges, while loosening the upper soil layer and combing the weeds is carried out by company-level scrapers cation drum by separating the top layer of soil with a thickness of 3-5 cm along with weeds and breaking the connection of the root neck of the weeds with the soil, and the crest is grown after it is processed by rotary drums. And also the fact that in the known device for caring for planting potatoes, containing a frame, three-tier legs, rotary drums and ridges, rotary drums are performed to simultaneously perform the functions of working bodies and supporting-copy wheels in the form of a geometric figure made up of two truncated cones and cylinders, on the circumference of which they are welded scrapers-strips for dragging the top layer of soil together with weeds and breaking the connection of the root neck of the weeds with the soil and soil loops.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the sequence of technological operations: a - plowing of winter fallow; b - landing - KSM-4 to a depth of 5 ... 7 cm; c - the first pre-emergence extension of the ridge with simultaneous loosening and destruction of weeds; g - the second pre-emergence extension of the ridge while loosening and destroying weeds; d - the third extension of the ridge on seedlings with loosening, hilling and destruction of weeds; e - the fourth extension of the ridge with loosening, hilling and destruction of weeds at the time of closure of the tops;

Figure 2 - schematic diagram of a device for implementing the method;

figure 3 - the absolute trajectory of the scraper bar and the soil of the drum;

figure 4 - the absolute trajectory of the scraper bar in the working area;

figure 5 - shows the technological process carried out by the drum.

The device consists of a frame 1 and mounted on it working bodies, including three-tier legs 2, rotary drums 3 and hills 4. Each drum 3 is made in the form of a geometric figure, composed of two truncated cones and a cylinder, on the surface of which are formed scrapers-strips 7 and tillers 8.

The technological process, and therefore, the method of care for planting potatoes performed by the device, is as follows.

After planting, during the first pre-emergence treatment, the comb from a triangular shape in cross section is converted to a trapezoidal shape (see Fig. 1 b and c), at the same time lumps are destroyed, and the soil is compacted, creating favorable soil conditions for friendly germination of weeds and tubers at the same time potatoes.

Subsequently, as the weeds sprout, after 5-7 days in the “white thread” phase, weeds are destroyed by a set of working bodies, including three-tier legs 2, drums 3 and ridges 4. At the same time, three-tier legs cut the weeds and loosen the upper soil layer in the aisle in sparing mode, in order to prevent damage to the root system of the tubers 6 due to the shift of the ridge, rotary drums 3 comb out the weeds and loosen the soil along the surface (perimeter) of the ridge, the hiller re-cut the weeds and loosen the soil to a greater depth and increase the crest by 4 ... 6 cm. After the next 10 ... 14 days after planting, the technological operation is repeated (see Fig. 1 g). After germination, two treatments for hilling plants are carried out and the extension of the ridge is brought up to 25 cm (see Fig. 1 d, f).

Rotary drums 3 when performing the technological process produce separation of the upper soil layer with a thickness of 3-5 cm with the root necks of 5 plants (see figure 5). At the same time, the soil layer in the first half of the working stroke, in the AB section (see Fig. 4), is cut, and in the second, in the section - the VS is rubbed, destroying the root necks of the weeds and their connection with the soil using scraper strips 7. Depending on the number of scraper strips around the circumference of the drum, there can be three cases (options) of the technological process (see Fig. 5: a) with omissions; c) without passes - with the touch of the working trajectories of adjacent scraper bars; c) with overlapping working trajectories). The most favorable are options c) and c).

Implementation of the proposed method can effectively destroy weeds and improve soil conditions for the development of potatoes on soils littered with weeds, eliminate the use of herbicides, increase potato productivity.

Claims (2)

1. A method of caring for planting potatoes, including post-planting loosening of soil between the rows, cultivating the ridge, cultivating the upper layer of soil with rotary drums with the destruction of weeds, characterized in that the destruction of weeds and growing ridges is carried out as the weeds germinate twice before emergence with three-tier paws, rotary drums and hills, while loosening the top soil layer and combing the weeds is carried out by scrapers-strips of the rotary drum by separating the top layer soil with a thickness of 3-5 cm along with weeds and the destruction of the connection of the root neck of the weeds with the soil, and the crest is grown after its treatment with rotary drums. 2. A device for the care of planting potatoes, containing a frame, three-tier legs, rotary drums and hills, characterized in that the rotary drums for simultaneously performing the functions of working bodies and supporting-copy wheels are made in the form of a geometric figure composed of two truncated cones and a cylinder , on the surface of the generators of which scraper strips are welded for dragging the top layer of soil together with weeds and breaking the connection of the root neck of the weeds with the soil and soil loops.

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