RU2271510C2 - Method and complex for protection of mobile object of ground military equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: armament, in particular, protection of objects of armored equipment by set-up of aerosol interferences.

SUBSTANCE: the angular zone of protection is divided in the azimuth plane into sectors adjoining one another, launchers are installed on the object within them, their total number in a sector corresponds to the number of protection cycles. The launchers are oriented along one of the sector boundary lines. At a detection of a threat the azimuth position of the threat line is determined, the components of the wind speed and object movement speed, perpendicular threat lines are measured, and the angular position of the point of interference set-up relative to the threat line is corrected by the value determined by a mathematical expression. Then the protected sector, in which the point of interference set-up is located, is determined, the loaded launcher is selected, turned in the direction of the threat with simultaneous determination of the vector of the resultant velocity of grenade launching and the linear rate of launcher turning at the end of its barrel. The grenade is launched at the instant of coincidence of the direction of the mentioned vector with the point of interference set-up.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of use of the aerosol interferences.

5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of armament, and more specifically to the protection of objects of armored vehicles (tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, etc.) by aerosol jamming.

With the correct formulation of aerosol interference (masking curtains, false targets, etc.) from the side of an armored object, the process of conducting aimed fire at it can be substantially difficult, which increases the survival of the object in the modern battlefield, characterized by a high saturation of various types of anti-tank weapons: from armor-piercing ballistic shells guided and unguided infantry missiles to homing new generation generations of combat elements.

For aerosol jamming, single-barreled or multi-barreled launchers (grenade launchers) are used, which are most often installed on the side parts of towers of armored objects [1, 2]. Grenade launchers are fixed both in azimuth and elevation, as a result of which they can be directed towards the threat only by turning the entire tower, which, in some cases, is unacceptable from a tactical point of view and requires distraction of the crew from carrying out the main combat work. Quick jamming in the direction of the threat can be organized when the guns, as suggested in [3], are deployed (in the azimuthal plane) at an angle to each other, and a grenade launcher oriented in the direction is selected using the on-board computing device threats. However, such protection is only possible if the threat fits in the direction of the front sector of the tower (about 90-110 °), within which grenade launchers are installed. The maximum magnitude of the frequency of aerosol jamming in one direction (all grenade launchers are charged) reaches 2-3 with a total number of grenade launchers at the facility no more than 12-16 pieces. Placing a larger number of them is difficult due to layout restrictions and an increase in the mass of the armored object.

Note that the placement of grenade launchers on the tower expands the possible sector of jamming in comparison, for example, with the option of installing them on the housing, but has its drawbacks. The possibility of increasing the firing range by increasing the propellant charge is limited. An increase in the recoil momentum leads to damage to the running and locking devices of the towers on light-weight armored objects.

A known method of autonomous guidance of grenade launchers, eliminating the above disadvantages [4]. With this guidance, independence of the aerosol jamming process from the position of the tower and the body of the object, the possibility of a rational layout of grenade launchers is ensured. They can be installed in convenient places on high-strength structural elements of the object. In addition, automation is provided and the speed of the protection complex is increased. This method of jamming selected for the prototype.

Known technical solutions (devices) that implement the method of autonomous guidance of grenade launchers provide for their installation either in a constantly rotating (relative to the vertical axis) drum, on which the grenade launchers are placed in diametrically opposite directions in the azimuthal plane (with fixed or changing elevation angles) [5, 6 ], or on a turntable (within a given protection sector) platform, on which the installations are located in parallel and their rotation in the direction of fire is made only at the moment t setting interference [7].

The disadvantages of the method and its designs:

- it is not envisaged to introduce amendments to the direction of shooting under the action of various kinds of external disturbing influences (crosswind, changing the direction and speed of the object relative to the direction of the threat, etc.), which leads to "gaps" in the created aerosol curtains and short time of their action on the line threats;

- the bulkiness of the structures and the associated difficulty in placing them on an armored object, especially with a caliber of grenades 60-80 mm;

- low reliability, because when the drive is damaged, the whole complex of protection fails.

The problem solved by the proposed method is to increase the efficiency of aerosol interference to protect the object.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the angular protection zone from the side of the object is preliminarily divided in the azimuthal plane into sectors adjacent to each other, within each of which grenade launchers are installed on the object with their total number in the sector corresponding to the number of protection cycles. In the initial (combat) state, the grenade launchers are guided along one of the sector boundaries, and when a threat is detected, the azimuthal position of the threat line is determined, the components of the wind speeds V _{в, пп} and object movements V _{o, пп} , perpendicular lines of the threat are measured, and the angular position of the place is adjusted setting the interference relative to the threat line by the value Δψ, characterized by the dependence:

in which L is the range of the curtain; S is the linear value of the correction of the position of the interference in the direction perpendicular to the line of threat.

The value of S is determined by the expression:

where t _gr. - average grenade flight time;

B is the average width of the interference formation;

b - the largest size of the silhouette of the object, with B = (3 ... 5) b;

V _c. - standardized (maximum) value of the transverse component of the wind speed, above which the interference lifetime and its effectiveness correspond to the required values, V _{in, art.} = 5 ... 6 m / s.

The protected sector, inside which the jamming place is located, is determined, a charged installation is selected and deployed in the direction of threat with simultaneous determination of the vector of the resultant grenade throwing speed and linear installation rotation speed V _{p, l} on the cut of its trunk, defined by the expression

where ε is the angular acceleration of rotation of the barrel;

t _barrel - time from the start of the rotation of the barrel to the moment of throwing a grenade

l is the barrel length.

At the moment of coincidence of the direction of the aforementioned vector with the corrected location for jamming, they throw.

This method is implemented by a design designed to protect the tank, including grenade launchers mounted on the tower of the object and charged with grenades equipped with an aerosol-forming composition, a threat detector that determines the angular position of the threat source in the azimuthal plane in the coordinate system associated with the tower, the angle sensor of the tower relative to the longitudinal axis of the object, sensors of the components of the wind speed and the speed of the object and a computing device connected to the threat detector and grenade electric igniters. Each of the grenade launchers is equipped with a rotary and control devices, providing rotation of the installation barrel in the direction of the threat, as well as determining the current angular position of the barrel when it is rotated and the rotation time until the grenade is shot. A tower angular position sensor, sensors of wind speed and object velocity components and a control device for each of the units are connected to a computing device that is additionally equipped with a unit for calculating the resultant vectors of the linear velocity of the grenade launcher turning on the cut of its barrel and the speed of the grenade throwing. The rotary device of the installation is made up of a base rigidly connected to the object, a rotary platform with a barrel mounted on it, equipped with an axis with a gear sector, torsion springs fastened on one side to the axis and on the other to the base. In this case, the installation plane of the platform forms an angle with the axis equal to the angle of elevation of the trunk. The control device consists of an electromagnet with a retractor anchor, traction, levers and a barrel angle sensor made in the form of a microswitch, triggered by the action of the teeth of the sector, associated with the axis of the rotary platform of the installation.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that, regardless of the influence of external disturbing factors (wind and object movement, the spread of the linear velocity of rotation of the launcher barrel), the threat direction is quickly blocked by aerosol interference while maintaining the required time of its action. This may allow in repelling an attack to be limited to firing one or two grenades, thereby preserving the ammunition to repel subsequent attacks. Due to the supply of each of the grenade launchers with an individual pulse drive, the dimensions of the protection complex as a whole are reduced, its survivability is increased and placement on the carrier object is facilitated. The same number of 12 launchers, as in the analogue, in the 90-120 ° sector can provide six-fold aerosol jamming, or two-fold jamming in the 360 ° sector in azimuth.

The totality of the proposed features to the authors is not known.

The invention is illustrated by illustrative material presented in figures 1-5.

Figure 1 and 2 shows the action of the method, while figure 1 shows the location of coordinate systems (in the azimuthal plane) used in determining the components of wind speeds and object movement. Figure 2 shows examples (a-d) of making adjustments to the angular position of the jamming line, depending on the threat directions, wind speeds, and object movement selected in the examples. In FIG. 3 shows a structural diagram of a protection complex that implements the proposed method. Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the design of the rotary and control devices of launchers used in the protection complex.

When determining the angular position of the threat source (IU), the position of this source relative to the axis of the tower (angle β of the _IU ), as well as the tower itself relative to the longitudinal axis of the object (angle β _B-K ), is taken into account (Fig. 1). Using these angles, the components of the wind speed V _в and the object’s speed V _o are also estimated, reduced to the direction perpendicular to the threat line (V _{в, пп} , V _{о, пп} ). So, if there is information about the transverse component of the wind speed V _{в, y} , estimated on the tank by a standard sensor, the value of V _{в, п} will be determined by the dependence

When supplementing information on V _{in, y with} information on the longitudinal component of wind speed V _{in, x, an} estimate of V _{in, pp} can be performed using the expression

The definition of V _{about, PP} can be carried out according to the formula

The simplest type of threat detection sensor is an object laser warning warning sensor, informing the crew that a laser rangefinder or target indicator beam has been sent to the tank. Various versions of the performance of such sensors are known [7, 8], which differ from each other in their design, the type of displayed information about the threat, the accuracy in determining the direction, and other parameters.

Existing designs of wind sensors used on tanks are given in [9].

Thus, if there is information from standard sensors that determine the position of the threat line, as well as the wind speed and the object’s movement, the components of these speeds in the direction perpendicular to the threat line can be estimated, used to determine for determination using expressions (1) and (2 ) angular correction Δψ.

Upon completion of the process of selecting the appropriate charged grenade launcher, its rotation begins to combine the axis of the barrel channel with the corrected threat direction of the IU by Δψ (see Fig. 1). At the same time, the magnitude and direction of the resultant of two speeds are simultaneously estimated - the grenade throwing speed V _gr and the rotation speed of the installation barrel V _{PU, n} , calculated by the formula (3). When this resultant coincides with the direction of the threat, a grenade is thrown.

Figure 2 (a-d) shows the position of the jamming locations to protect the frontal (a, b) and side (c, d) projections of the tank at different directions of wind speed. The linear value of the correction S, as can be seen from the figures shown in figure 2, is composed of two components V _{o, nn} t _gr and (B-in) / 2, taking into account the movement of the object and the effect of cross-wind. At the same time, the second component remains constant for various levels of excess of the specified fixed value (V _{in, st} ) at the reduced wind speed, which ensures the complete guaranteed overlap of the threat line at the time of interference (without “gaps” in the dangerous direction) and its maximum time interference when demolished by the wind.

The protection complex (see Fig. 3) includes: launchers 1 equipped with a rotary 2 and 3 control devices that block the protection sector during a turn, a threat detector 4, sensors 5 and 6 of the wind speed and the object’s speed, respectively, sensor 7 the position of the tower relative to the body of the object and the computing device 8, which solves the problem of calculating the magnitude of the correction Δψ in the direction of the threat line, taking into account the current angle of rotation α of the launcher and the associated values of t _st and V _{PU, l} . The parameters t _g , V _g , l and ε = f (α) used in the calculations are entered into the memory of computing device 8 in advance in the form of tabular data.

In each of the installations 1, the function of a pulse drive, providing a single force action on the barrel for its rotation within the protection sector, is performed by the elastic element (torsion spring) of the rotary device 2. When reloading the trunks are manually cocked into the initial position in which their elastic elements are compressed, and the trunks themselves are fixed in it by an electric trigger.

The work of the complex is as follows.

When a threat is detected, a signal is generated at the output of the sensor 4, which displays the value of the angle β of the _DUT (see FIG. 1), which enters the computing device 8, which, taking into account the information from the sensors 5, 6 and 7, generates the angular position of the threat line and the correction Δψ. The sector is determined, within which there is a corrected direction to the source of the threat, and charged installation 1 is selected to set the interference. In this case, the computing device 8 supplies (via communication line B) to this launcher a current signal to remove it from the stopper and under the influence of a spring drive, the installation trunk starts to rotate, as if “looking through” the entire protection sector. At the same time, computing device 8, receiving information from sensors 5, 6, and 7 and measuring the values of angle α and time t _st (via communication line C), calculates the current value of the velocity V _{p, l} and determines the angular position of the vector of the resulting velocity V _{p, l} and V _gr in the coordinate system (in the azimuthal plane) associated with the object. At the moment of correspondence of the angular position of this vector to the position of the adjusted threat line, the computing device 8 (via the communication line D) issues a signal to the grenade electric igniter through the installation contact device, which ensures the initiation of its expelling charge and grenade throwing. At a given range L, a grenade is triggered and an interference formation is established in the direction of the threat.

Thus, the movement of each of the launchers of the complex is carried out immediately before the shot and the line of fire is adjusted depending on the values of wind speeds and the movement of the object. In this case, the correction of this direction is carried out, firstly, taking into account the requirements of a quick and reliable overlap of the threat direction, and secondly, taking into account the provision of maximum interference time.

The rotary launcher, the design of which is shown in Fig. 4, consists of a base 1, a rotary platform 2, to which the breech of the barrel is attached, an axis 3 fastened to the platform by means of pins, and a spring 4 acting as a pulse drive. The inclination of the installation plane of the turntable 2 relative to the axis 3 provides the shooting of grenades with a given elevation angle in the entire sector of rotation.

The design of the control device is shown in Fig.5. The device consists of an electromagnet with a retractor armature 1, rod 2, levers 3 and 4, stop 5 of the pusher 6, microswitch 7 with a spring 8.

The lever 4 serves to fix the installation barrel in the cocked position and its descent when applying current through the winding of the electromagnet. In this case, the anchor 1 of the electromagnet through the rod 2 and the lever 3 rotates the stop 5, which acts on the lever 4, freeing it from engagement with the gear sector of the axis of the rotary device. Under the action of the spring, the barrel, together with the axis, rotates into a deflated (stowed) position. In the process of this rotation, the gear sector of the axis through the pusher 6 acts on the microswitch 7 and information about the angular position of the barrel enters the computing device. At the required moment, voltage is applied to the barrel’s electric bores and a grenade is fired.

The application of the proposed method of protection and the complex that implements it will significantly increase the survivability level of mobile objects of ground equipment (tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, etc.) on the battlefield due to the quick placement of an invisible interference aerosol formation in the direction of the threat. This ensures not only guaranteed concealment of the object by this formation, but also introduces corrections at the location of the installation, taking into account the effect of the wind, the movement of the carrier object of the complex and the dynamics of its own rotation of the launcher barrel before firing a grenade. A prototype of the protection complex has been manufactured and tested.

Used Books.

1. Gerald Holst. The use of tactical smoke screens to increase the survivability of armored vehicles. - "Armor", 1984, v. 94, May-June, p. 20-25.

2. R.M. Ogorkevich. Countermeasures to protect tanks from homing ammunition. - "International Defense Review", 1989, v.22, No. 1, p. 53-57.

3. Prospectus of the company "Helio Mirror Company Limited" (Great Britain). FVG 66 and FVG 76 grenade throwers, 1994.

4. Grenade launcher company "Wegmann". - "International Defense Review", 1989, v.22, No. 1, p.107 - prototype.

5. German patent No. DE 3705700 A1, cl. F 41 H 9/04, publ. 09/01/88. Chimney device for the tank.

6. A prototype of an electron-optical detection and counteraction system. - "International Defense Review", 1978, v.11, No. 9, p. 1507.

7. R.M. Ogorkevich. Active protection systems for armored vehicles. - "International Defense Review", 2003, No. 1, p. 49-53.

8. G. Gumenyuk et al. Laser radiation warning devices in tank protection systems against guided weapons. - "Protection and Security", 2001, No. 1 (20), pp. 22-23.

9. Theory and design of the tank (edited by Prof. P.P.Isakov, Prof. P.P. Isakov), Volume 2, Fundamentals of the design of tank weapons. M .: Engineering, 1982, pp. 234-237.

Claims (4)

1. A method of protecting a moving object of ground-based military equipment, for example, a tank, which consists in detecting the direction of the threat and setting an interfering aerosol formation in this direction by throwing a grenade from the launcher from the protected object, equipped with an aerosol-forming composition with its subsequent initiation and dispersal, characterized in that the angular protection zone is preliminarily divided in the azimuthal plane into sectors adjacent to each other, within each of which they are installed on the launch facility at the total number of them in the sector, corresponding to the number of defense cycles, in the initial - combat - state they orient the installations along one of the boundaries of the sector, and when a threat is detected, determine the azimuthal position of the threat line, measure the components of the wind speeds V _{в, nn} and the object’s movement V _c , _pp , perpendicular to the line of threat, and adjust the angular position of the jamming location relative to the line of threat by an amount characterized by the dependence ΔΨ = arctan S / L, in which L is the jamming range, S is the linear value of the correction of the location of the interference, determined by the expression S = V _{0, nn} t _gr. - A sign V _in , _pp , A = 0 at V _{in, pp} ≤V _{in, Art.} , A = (Bb) / 2 at V _in , _nn > V _{in, Art.} , where t _gr - average flight time of the grenade; b - the largest size of the silhouette of the object; B is the average width of the curtain equal to (3 ... 5) b; V _c. - the standardized value of the transverse component of the wind speed, at not exceeding which the lifetime of the interference and its effectiveness correspond to the required condition V _{in, art.} = 5 ... 6 m / s, determine the protected sector, inside which the place of jamming is located, select a charged installation, deploy it in the direction of the threat with simultaneous determination of the vector of the resultant grenade throwing speed and the linear velocity of the installation's rotation V _{PU, l} on the cut of its trunk, defined by the expression V _{pu, l} = _{εt stem} l, where ε is the angular acceleration of rotation of the barrel; t _barrel - the time from the start of the rotation of the barrel to the moment of the shot; l - barrel length, and at the moment of coincidence of the direction of the aforementioned vector with the location of the jamming throwing grenades. 2. A complex of protection for a moving object of ground-based military equipment, for example, a tank, containing launchers mounted on an object’s tower and charged with grenades equipped with an aerosol-forming composition, a threat detector that determines the angular position of the threat source in the azimuthal plane in the coordinate system associated with the tower, an angular sensor the position of the tower relative to the longitudinal axis of the object, the sensors of the components of wind speeds and the movement of the object and a computing device connected to an electric igniter a grenade and a threat detector, characterized in that each of the launchers is equipped with a rotary and control device that rotates the installation barrel in the direction of the threat and determines the current angular position of the barrel when it is rotated, while the tower’s angular position sensor, sensors of components of wind speeds and object movement and the control device of each of the installations are connected with a computing device, additionally equipped with a unit for calculating the resultant linear velocity vectors Installation on a section of its trunk and throwing grenades speed. 3. The complex according to claim 2, characterized in that the launcher rotary device is made up of a base rigidly connected to the object, a rotary platform with a barrel mounted on it, provided with an axis with a gear sector, a torsion spring fastened on one side to the axis, and on the other, with the base, while the installation plane of the platform forms an angle with the axis equal to the angle of elevation of the trunk. 4. The complex according to claim 2, characterized in that the launcher control device is made up of an electromagnet with a retractor arm, traction, levers and a barrel angle sensor made in the form of a microswitch triggered by the action of the teeth of the sector associated with the axis of the turntable .

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