RU2270711C1 - Fire-extinguishing foam-generation composition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-extinguishing, particularly foam-generation compositions for extinguishing class A and B fires.

SUBSTANCE: composition comprises 13.0-28.0% by weight of triethanolamine salt of primary higher fatty C₈-C₁₀ fraction alcohols alkylsulfate, 15.0-25.0 % by weight of ethylene glycol, 5.0-15.0% by weigh of carbamide, remainder is water.

EFFECT: increased frost-resistance, possibility to obtain mechanical low-expansion, medium-expansion and high-expansion foam and increased fire-extinguishing ability.

1 tbl, 7 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of fire extinguishing, in particular, foaming compositions for extinguishing fires, and can be used to extinguish fires of classes A and B using foam of low, medium and high multiplicity, as well as for preparing a wetting solution used to extinguish solid combustible materials.

Known foaming composition for extinguishing fires, the surface-active basis of which are aqueous solutions of triethanolamine salts of primary alkyl sulfates of fractions C ₁₀ -C ₁₃ or C ₇ -C ₁₂ or a mixture of fractions C ₇ -C ₁₂ : C ₁₀ -C ₁₃ = 1: 1, or mixtures of fractions C ₁₀ -C ₁₂ : C ₁₀ -C ₁₃ = 1: 1 (V.V. Peshkov, M.V. Odinets. Stability of foaming agents during storage. Collection of scientific papers: Fire extinguishers and automatic fire extinguishing installations. VNII PO USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, 1989, pp. 32-37). The disadvantage of this foaming composition is insufficient frost resistance - pour point is not higher than minus 5 ° C.

Known frost-resistant foaming agent for fighting fires, including a surface-active substance (surfactant) - foaming agent PO-6K (TU 38 607-22-31-91), which is a mixture of sodium salts of petroleum sulfonic acids, higher fatty alcohol fraction C ₈ -C ₁₂ , acetic -ammonium acid and water in the following ratio of components, wt.%: surfactant - 12 ÷ 24, higher fatty alcohol C ₈ -C ₁₂ - 1.5 ÷ 3.0, acetic acid ammonium - 10 ÷ 52, water - the rest ( RU 2157710 C1, 20.10.2000).

Known foaming agent is frost-resistant - pour point is not higher than minus 25 ° C. The disadvantages of the known composition include the need to use PO-6K as a surfactant, the use of which is currently legally stopped for fire extinguishing due to its non-compliance with environmental requirements and environmental pollution standards, and the use of other surfactants leads either to coagulation or to an increase in the temperature threshold solidification.

The closest known solution to a similar problem is a foaming composition containing triethanolamine salts of alkyl sulfates of higher fatty alcohols of the fraction C ₈ -C ₁₄ - 1 ÷ 10 wt.%, Triethanolamine salts of alkyl benzene sulfonates of the fraction C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ - 5 ÷ 15 wt.%, Triethanolamine - 3 ÷ 5 wt.%, Antifreeze selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyglycols, bottoms of ethylene glycol and mixtures thereof - 5 ÷ 20 wt.%, Water - the rest (RU 2189266 C2, 09.09.2002).

The known composition allows to obtain air-mechanical foam of medium multiplicity with good fire extinguishing ability. The disadvantage of this composition is the insufficient foaming ability due to the use of triethanolamine salts of alkylbenzenesulfonates, as well as the limited use for extinguishing fires at low temperatures.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a foaming composition, which allows to obtain air-mechanical foam of low and medium multiplicity, which has increased fire extinguishing efficiency, and is frost-resistant.

To solve this problem, a foam-forming composition for extinguishing fires containing triethanolamine salts of alkyl sulfates of primary higher fatty alcohols of the C ₈ -C ₁₀ fraction, ethylene glycol, urea and water with the following content of components, wt.%:

- triethanolamine salts of alkyl sulfates of primary higher fatty alcohols fraction C ₈ -C ₁₀ - 13.0 ÷ 28.0;

- ethylene glycol - 15.0 ÷ 25.0;

- carbamide - 5.0 ÷ 15.0;

- water - the rest.

The content of the claimed foaming composition as triethanolamine salts of alkyl sulfates of higher fatty alcohols of triethanolamine salts of primary sulfates of higher fatty alcohols of the C ₈ -C ₁₀ fraction, the additional content of urea in combination with the above components in the above amounts allows to obtain a synergistic effect - high fire resistance and frost resistance pour point no higher than minus 20 ° C.

The method of obtaining the claimed composition includes the sequential introduction into the apparatus of periodic action of the following components: triethanolamine salts of alkyl sulfates of primary higher fatty alcohols of the C ₈ -C ₁₀ fraction, ethylene glycol, urea and water, mixing them at a temperature of 25 ÷ 60 ° C and stirring for 20 ÷ 30 minutes. The resulting foaming composition, below, is a homogeneous transparent liquid without crystalline precipitate and separation with a specific smell.

In accordance with the invention, aqueous working solutions (6% by volume) of foaming compositions were prepared and tested. Obtaining air-mechanical foam from each composition and its testing were carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 50588-93 "Foaming agents for fighting fires. General technical requirements and test methods." Of the tested formulations, 7 examples are given below to illustrate the invention. The content of the components in the examples is given in wt.%.

Example 1

Triethanolamine salts of alkyl sulfates (TEAS) of primary higher fatty alcohols (VGS) fractions C ₈ -C ₁₀ - 13.0

Ethylene Glycol - 15.0

Urea - 5.0

Water - the rest

Example 2

TEAS VZhS fractions C ₈ -C ₁₀ - 23.0

Ethylene Glycol - 20.0

Urea - 10.0

Water - the rest

Example 3

TEAS VZhS fractions C ₈ -C ₁₀ - 28,0

Ethylene Glycol - 25.0

Urea - 15.0

Water - the rest

Example 4

TEAS VZhS fractions C ₈ -C ₁₀ - 12.0

Ethylene Glycol - 14.0

Urea - 4.0

Water - the rest

Example 5

TEAS VZhS fractions C ₈ -C ₁₀ - 30.0

Ethylene Glycol - 26.0

Urea - 16.0

Water - the rest

Example 6 (comparative)

TEAS VZhS fractions C ₈ -C ₁₄ - 23.0

Ethylene Glycol - 20.0

Urea - 10.0

Water - the rest

Example 7 (comparative)

TEAS VZhS fractions C ₈ -C ₁₀ - 23.0

Ethylene Glycol - 20.0

Triethanolamine - 10.0

Water is the rest.

The test results are presented in the table.

From the data of the table it follows that the proposed optimal ratio of components according to the invention provides high fire extinguishing ability, foam, its stability and frost resistance (examples 1, 2 and 3), and changes in this ratio lead to deterioration of the foam (example 4) or not economically beneficial (example 5). Changes in the qualitative composition do not allow us to solve the problem (examples 6 and 7).

Table.
Characteristics of foaming compositions Name The values of the indicators for examples 1 ÷ 7 indicators one 2 3 four 5 6 7 1. The ratio of the foam of low multiplicity 6 8 eleven 5 eleven 9 10 2. The multiplicity of the foam of medium multiplicity on the barrel type GPS-100 65 72 77 60 98 92 55 3. The stability of the foam of medium multiplicity (time allocation 50% of the volume of liquid), s 180 254 283 164 290 366 208 4. The extinction time of the model center at a feed rate of 6% working solution of 0.032 dm ³ / m ² · s, s 184 thirty 34 hearth not extinguished 21 25 47 5. The pour point, ° C -twenty -26 -34 -eighteen -36 -16 -24

Claims (1)

The foamable composition for extinguishing fires comprising triethanolamine salts of alkyl sulfates, higher fatty alcohol, ethylene glycol and water, characterized in that as the triethanolamine salts of alkyl sulfates of higher fatty alcohols it contains triethanolamine salts of alkyl sulfates, primary higher fatty alcohols of the fraction C ₈ -C _10, and further the next urea the content of components, wt.%: Triethanolamine salts of alkyl sulfates primary higher fatty alcohols fraction C ₈ -C ₁₀ 13.0 ÷ 28.0 Ethylene glycol 15.0 ÷ 25.0 Urea 5.0 ÷ 15.0 Water Rest