RU2263527C1 - Fire-extinguishing foaming composition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire extinguishing.

SUBSTANCE: composition contains triethanolammonium salts of alkyl sulfates, mixtures of higher primary alcohols fraction C₈-C₁₀ and fraction C₁₂-C₁₄ taken at weight ratio (1.0-5.0):1.0, higher primary alcohols fraction C₁₂-C₁₄, and water, all constituents in specified proportions. Composition may further contain n-butanol.

EFFECT: achieved formation of air-mechanical foam characterized by low, medium, and high ratio and elevated fire-extinguishing efficiency with foam stability both in sweet and hard water.

1 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl, 7 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of fire extinguishing, in particular to foaming compositions for extinguishing fires of classes A and B using foam of low, medium and high multiplicity using both fresh and sea water.

Known foaming composition for extinguishing fires, the surface-active basis of which are aqueous solutions of triethanolamine salts of primary alkyl sulfates of fractions C ₁₀ -C ₁₃ or C ₇ -C ₁₂ , or a mixture of fractions C ₇ -C ₁₂ : C ₁₀ -C ₁₃ = 1: 1 , or a mixture of fractions C ₁₀ -C ₁₂ : C ₁₀ -C ₁₃ = 1: 1 (V.V. Peshkov, M.V. Odinets. Stability of foaming agents during storage. Collection of scientific papers: Fire extinguishers and automatic fire extinguishing installations. VNII By the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, 1989, pp. 32-37). The disadvantage of this composition of the foaming agent is the insufficient value of the ratio of the foam - 8-45.

Known foaming composition for extinguishing fires of flammable liquids, containing primary alkyl sulfonates, sodium sulfoethoxylates, a cross-linked polymer of polyacrylic acid, a fluorinated surfactant (fluorosurfactant) containing perfluorinated groups C ₆ -C ₁₂ or groups of a heterocyclic structure and quaternary amine diamines or quaternate diamines , in the following ratio of components, wt.%: primary alkyl sulfonates - 10.0 ÷ 15.0, sodium sulfoethoxylates - 7.0 ÷ 12.0, a cross-linked polymer of polyacrylic acid - 0.2 ÷ 1.0, fluorine-surfactant - 0 , 7 ÷ 2.0 , water - the rest (RU 2206354 C1, 06/20/2003). The known composition may contain monoethanolamine or diethylene glycol up to 10.0 wt.%. The main disadvantage of the known composition is the high biological activity of the components from which fluorine-surfactants are synthesized.

The closest known solution to a similar problem is a foaming composition for extinguishing fires containing a surfactant - alkyl sulfonates, higher fatty alcohols of the C ₁₀ -C ₁₆ fraction and / or derivatives of amines, n-butanol, urea, simple water-soluble cellulose ethers, polyphosphate, butyl ether acetic acid and water in the following ratio of components, wt.%: alkyl sulfonates - 11.0 ÷ 13.0, higher fatty alcohols fractions C ₁₀ -C ₁₆ and / or amine derivatives - 2.95 ÷ 3.05, n-butanol - 2.75 ÷ 3.75, urea - 6.5 ÷ 8.5, water-soluble ethers intact yulozy - 0.45 ÷ 0.55, polyphosphate - 4.25 ÷ 4.75, n-butyl acetate - 2.75 ÷ 3.75, water - the rest (RU 2158155 C1, 27.10.2000).

Known foaming composition allows you to get air-mechanical foam with good fire extinguishing efficiency. The disadvantage of this composition is its multicomponent nature and the need to use polyphosphates to soften water, which negatively affects the environment (phosphates have a detrimental effect on the biocenosis of water bodies).

The objective of the invention is the creation of a biologically soft foaming composition, which allows to obtain air-mechanical foam of low, medium and high multiplicity, which has increased fire extinguishing efficiency with high foam stability in both fresh and sea water.

To solve this problem, a foaming composition for extinguishing fires containing a surfactant - triethanolamine salts of alkyl sulfates of a mixture of primary higher fatty alcohols of fraction C ₈ -C ₁₀ and fraction C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ , taken in a mass ratio of 1.0 ÷ 5.0 : 1.0, primary higher fatty alcohols of the C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ fraction, carbamide, sodium sulfoethoxylates of primary higher fatty alcohols of the C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ fraction and water at the following content of components, wt.%:

- triethanolamine salts of alkyl sulfates of a mixture of primary higher fatty alcohols of fraction C ₈ -C ₁₀ and fraction C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ taken in a mass ratio of 1.0 ÷ 5.0: 1.0, - 15.0 ÷ 32.0,

- primary higher fatty alcohols fraction C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ - 0.5 ÷ 3.0,

urea - 1.0 ÷ 12.0,

- sodium sulfoethoxylates of primary higher fatty alcohols fraction C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ - 1.4 ÷ 8.5,

- water - the rest.

The proposed composition may additionally contain up to 10.0 wt.% N-butanol.

The content of the proposed foaming composition as a surfactant of triethanolamine salts of alkyl sulfates of a mixture of primary higher fatty alcohols of the C ₈ -C ₁₀ fraction and C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ fraction taken in a specific mass ratio, as higher fatty alcohols is the primary higher fatty alcohols of the fraction c ₁₂ -C _14, an additional content of primary higher fatty alcohols, sodium sulfoetoksilatov fraction c ₁₂ -C ₁₄ in combination with the above components in the indicated amounts allows creation biologiches and soft (degree of biodegradation of 90%) of the composition, allowing to obtain an air-mechanical foam low, intermediate and high multiplicities having improved foam fire-extinguishing capability with high stability in both fresh and seawater.

An additional introduction of n-butanol in the indicated amounts provides an increase in the fire extinguishing efficiency of the composition and the stability of the foam.

A method of obtaining the inventive foaming composition includes the sequential introduction into the apparatus of periodic action of the following composition components: triethanolamine salts of alkyl sulfates of a mixture of primary higher fatty alcohols of fraction C ₈ -C ₁₀ and fraction C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ , taken in a mass ratio of 1.0 ÷ 5.0: 1,0, primary higher fatty alcohols of the C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ fraction, carbamide, sodium sulfoethoxylates of primary higher fatty alcohols of the C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ fraction, if necessary n-butanol and water, mixing them at a temperature of 25 ÷ 60 ° С and mixing in 30 ÷ 60 min . For cooking, water of any hardness is allowed.

The resulting foaming composition is a homogeneous liquid without sediment and separation.

In accordance with the invention, aqueous working solutions (6% by volume) of foaming compositions were prepared and tested. Obtaining air-mechanical foam from each composition and its testing were carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 50588-93 “Foaming agents for fighting fires. General technical requirements and test methods". Of the tested formulations, 7 examples are given below to illustrate the invention. The content of the components in the examples is given in wt.%.

Example 1

Triethanolamine salts of alkyl sulfates (TEAS) of a mixture of primary higher fatty alcohols (VGS) fractions C ₈ -C ₁₀ and C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ , taken in a mass ratio of 1: 1, - 20.0

Primary HPLC fractions C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ - 0.5

Urea - 8.0

Sodium sulfoethoxylates (SEN) of primary VZhS fractions of C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ - 5,0

Water - the rest

Example 2

TEAS mixture of primary VZhS fractions C ₈ -C ₁₀ and C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ taken in a mass ratio of 3: 1, - 24.0

Primary HPLC fractions C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ - 2.0

Urea - 6.0

SEN of primary VZhS fractions C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ - 5,0

Water - the rest

Example 3

TEAS mixture of primary VZhS fractions C ₈ -C ₁₀ and C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ taken in a mass ratio of 3: 1, - 32.0

Primary HPLC fractions C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ - 3.0

Urea - 10.0

SEN of primary VZhS of fraction C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ - 8.5

Water - the rest

Example 4

TEAS mixture of primary VZhS fractions C ₈ -C ₁₀ and C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ taken in a mass ratio of 3: 1, - 14.5

Primary HPLC fractions C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ - 0.3

Urea - 0.5

SEN of primary VZhS of fraction C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ - 1,3

Water - the rest

Example 5

TEAS mixture of primary VZhS fractions C ₈ -C ₁₀ and C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ taken in a mass ratio of 3: 1, - 33.0

Primary HPLC fractions C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ - 3.5

Urea - 13.0

SEN of primary VZhS fractions C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ - 9,0

Water - the rest

Example 6

TEAS mixture of primary VZhS fractions C ₈ -C ₁₀ and C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ taken in a mass ratio of 3: 1, - 24.0

Primary HPLC fractions C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ - 2.0

Urea - 6.0

SEN of primary VZhS fractions C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ - 5,0

n-Butanol - 8.0

Water - the rest

Example 7 (comparative).

TEAS mixture of primary VZhS fractions C ₈ -C ₁₀ and C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ taken in a mass ratio of 3: 1, - 24.0

Primary HPLC fractions C ₁₀ -C ₁₆ - 2.0

Urea - 6.0

SEN of primary VZhS fractions C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ - 5,0

Water - the rest

The test results are presented in the table. From the data of the table it follows that the proposed optimal ratio of components according to the invention provides high fire extinguishing ability, foam and its stability in both fresh and sea water (examples 1, 2, 3 and 6), and changes in this ratio lead to deterioration indicators of foam (example 4) or not economically viable (example 5). Changes in the qualitative composition do not allow us to solve the problem (example 7).

Table
Characteristics of foaming compositions The name of indicators The values of the indicators for examples 1-7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1. The multiplicity of the foam: On a trunk of low multiplicity: - sea water 8.0 9.5 11.0 7.0 10.5 9.0 10.0 - fresh water 7.5 10.0 11.0 6.5 10.0 8.6 10.0 On the trunk of medium multiplicity: - sea water 76 94 100 81 90 93 90 - fresh water 72 95 96 85 87 94 86 On a trunk of high multiplicity: - sea water 600 800 890 500 850 1250 700 - fresh water 560 790 790 580 790 1000 670 2. The stability of the foam of medium multiplicity (time allocation 50% of the liquid volume), with: - sea water 205 290 315 150 220 240 200 - fresh water 215 305 330 165 337 1030 220 3. The extinguishing time of the model center at a feed rate of 6% working solution of 0.032 dm ³ / m ² · s, s: hearth - sea water 120 70 fifty not to 47 36 90 - fresh water 147 55 42 stewed 43 40 125

Claims (2)

1. Foaming composition for extinguishing fires, including a surfactant, higher fatty alcohols, urea and water, characterized in that as a surfactant it contains triethanolamine salts of alkyl sulfates of a mixture of primary higher fatty alcohols fractions C ₈ -C ₁₀ and fractions C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ , taken in a mass ratio of 1.0 ÷ 5.0: 1.0, and as higher fatty alcohols - primary higher fatty alcohols of the C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ fraction and additionally sodium sulfoethoxylates of primary higher fatty alcohols of the C ₁₂ fraction -C ₁₄ containing the next ii, wt.%: Triethanolamine salts of alkyl sulfate mixtures primary higher fatty alcohols fractions C ₈ -C ₁₀ and fractions C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ , taken in a mass ratio of 1.0 ÷ 5.0: 1.0 15.0 ÷ 32.0 Primary higher fatty alcohols fraction C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ 0.5 ÷ 3.0 Urea 1,0 ÷ 12,0 Sodium Sulfoethoxylates primary higher fatty alcohols fraction C ₁₂ -C ₁₄ 1.4 ÷ 8.5 Water Rest 2. The foaming composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises up to 10.0 wt.% N-butanol.