RU2269979C2 - Модульный протез - Google Patents

Модульный протез Download PDF

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Publication number
RU2269979C2
RU2269979C2 RU2003121397/14A RU2003121397A RU2269979C2 RU 2269979 C2 RU2269979 C2 RU 2269979C2 RU 2003121397/14 A RU2003121397/14 A RU 2003121397/14A RU 2003121397 A RU2003121397 A RU 2003121397A RU 2269979 C2 RU2269979 C2 RU 2269979C2
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RU
Russia
Prior art keywords
rod
prosthesis
cone
bone
ring
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RU2003121397/14A
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English (en)
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RU2003121397A (ru
Inventor
Джэй МЕСВАНИА (GB)
Джэй МЕСВАНИА
Original Assignee
Стэнмор Имплантс Уорлдвайд Лтд.
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Publication of RU2003121397A publication Critical patent/RU2003121397A/ru
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    • A61F2250/0014Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0036Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in thickness
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    • A61F2250/0058Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2250/0081Prosthesis for animals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0058Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2250/0084Means for distinguishing between left-sided and right-sided devices; Sets comprising both left-sided and right-sided prosthetic parts
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00023Titanium or titanium-based alloys, e.g. Ti-Ni alloys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
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    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00029Cobalt-based alloys, e.g. Co-Cr alloys or Vitallium
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00179Ceramics or ceramic-like structures
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00389The prosthesis being coated or covered with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00592Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of ceramics or of ceramic-like compounds
    • A61F2310/00796Coating or prosthesis-covering structure made of a phosphorus-containing compound, e.g. hydroxy(l)apatite

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Abstract

Изобретение относится к медицине, а именно к травматологии и ортопедии. Изобретение обеспечивает возможность производить сборку протеза по индивидуальному заказу из ограниченного набора компонентов. Протез содержит проксимальный или дистальный концевой компонент, образующий один из компонентов протезируемого сустава, стержень, соединительную деталь для ввода в зацепление в резецированную кость и стержень и/или удлинитель стержня. Стержень и/или удлинитель стержня, соединительная деталь и дистальный или проксимальный концевые компоненты соединены друг с другом при помощи охватываемого и охватывающего конусов. Каждый охватываемый конус содержит выступ, который проходит в продольном направлении протеза, но смещен относительно его оси и входит в соответствующую выемку в охватывающем конусе. Предусмотрено поперечное отверстие для обеспечения бокового доступа в область конца охватываемого конуса при помощи инструмента для разборки. 5 з.п. ф-лы, 7 ил.

Description

Настоящее изобретение относится к протезам для частичного замещения длинной трубчатой кости в теле человека или животных.
В том случае, когда конечности сильно повреждены или когда следует хирургическим путем удалить большие участки кости, например в случае лечения рака кости, существует необходимость в использовании протезов, которые замещают большие участки природной кости и которые могут быть собраны хирургом с соблюдением широкого диапазона требований. В соответствии с настоящим изобретением предлагается модульная система для конструирования эффективно подгоняемых протезов, соответствующих широкому диапазону хирургических требований. Типичные требования могут быть связаны, например, с заменой проксимального (верхнего) или дистального (нижнего) участка бедренной кости или, возможно, с полной заменой бедренной кости.
В соответствии с первым аспектом настоящего изобретения предлагается протез для частичного замещения длинной трубчатой кости у людей или животных, содержащий проксимальный или дистальный концевой компонент, образующий один из компонентов протезируемого сустава, стержень и соединительную деталь для ввода в зацепление в резецированную кость, причем протез содержит стержень и/или удлинитель стержня, при этом стержень и/или удлинитель стержня, соединительная деталь и дистальный или проксимальный концевые компоненты соединены друг с другом при помощи охватываемого и охватывающего конусов, при этом каждый охватываемый конус имеет выступ, который проходит в продольном направлении протеза, но смещен относительно его оси и входит в соответствующую выемку в охватывающем конусе, причем предусмотрено поперечное отверстие для обеспечения бокового доступа в область конца охватываемого конуса при помощи инструмента для разборки.
В соответствии с настоящим изобретением протез содержит также кольцо, собранное со стержнем и/или удлинителем стержня, причем размеры кольца выбраны таким образом, чтобы оно упиралось в резецированную сторону кости, в которую должен быть установлен протез, при этом кольцо имеет участок, идущий на конус в направлении резецированной стороны и имеющий обработку поверхности, способствующую росту кости поверх конусной поверхности кольца.
В случае протезов для замены проксимального участка бедренной кости протез преимущественно содержит компонент замещения вертела, имеющий форму, которая соответствует анатомическому вертелу и имеет шейку бедренной кости для приема головки бедренной кости, а также имеет по существу плоскую поверхность, расположенную напротив шейки бедренной кости и предназначенную для соединения с остаточной костью или мягкой тканью.
Признаки протеза в соответствии с изобретением поясняются со ссылкой на сопроводительные чертежи.
На фиг.1 показан вид сбоку компонентов в сборе, образующих протез проксимального участка бедренной кости.
На фиг.2 показан вид сбоку протеза дистального участка бедренной кости в соответствии с настоящим изобретением.
На фиг.3 показаны различные виды компонента замещения вертела в соответствии с настоящим изобретением.
На фиг.4 показаны различные виды модульного стержня для использования в соответствии с настоящим изобретением.
На фиг.5 показаны различные виды соединительной детали бедренной кости для использования в соответствии с настоящим изобретением.
На фиг.6 показаны различные виды кольца для использования в протезе в соответствии с настоящим изобретением.
На фиг.7 показаны различные виды модульного удлинителя стержня для использования в соответствии с настоящим изобретением.
Обратимся сначала к фиг.1, на которой схематично показан протез проксимального участка бедренной кости в сборе, который содержит компонент 1 вертела, имеющий шейку 2 бедренной кости, которая имеет конусность для приема головки бедренной кости обычным образом. Компонент вертела показан более детально на фиг.3, где можно видеть, что он соответствует анатомической форме вертела и имеет по существу плоскую поверхность 3 для соединения с любой остаточной костью или с мягкими тканями. Компонент 1 вертела имеет, как это лучше всего показано на фиг.3, внутренний охватывающий конус, в который может входить охватываемый конус, предусмотренный на стержне 5. Детальная конструкция стержня 5 показана на фиг.4, где можно видеть, что стержень 5 имеет на одном своем конце охватываемый конус 33, предназначенный для зацепления в охватывающем конусе компонента 1 вертела, а на другом конце охватывающий конус 7 для зацепления одного конца соединительной детали 8 (который показан более детально на фиг.5).
Соединительную деталь 8 вводят в резецированную бедренную кость 9 с использованием прессовой посадки или с использованием костного цемента. Охватывающее дистальный конец стержня 5 кольцо 10 показано более детально на фиг.6. Кольцо 10 имеет дистальный нижний конец 11, который упирается в губчатую кость, которая является частью резецированной кости 9. Размеры кольца 10 выбраны таким образом, что торцевая поверхность кольца 10 стыкуется с внешней поверхностью кости 9. Кольцо 10 имеет на своей внешней поверхности шероховатость или нанесенный материал для стимуляции роста кости, такой как гидроксиапатит. Это создает благоприятные возможности для роста губчатой кости поверх поверхности кольца 10 и помогает более плотной фиксации протеза в остаточной резецированной кости 9.
Обычно при удалении поврежденной кости или опухоли существует возможность сохранить остаточный участок 12 вертела. Этот остаток кости может иметь связки или другую прикрепленную к нему мягкую ткань, что может быть использовано для содействия стабилизации компонента замещения вертела. Остаток кости 12 может быть прикреплен к компоненту вертела при помощи пластины 13, которую закрепляют на торце 3 компонента вертела.
На фиг.2 показан дистальный протез в сборе, содержащий компонент 21 мыщелковой головки, который образует часть коленного сустава и соединен со стержнем 5 аналогично тому, как компонент 1 вертела соединен со стержнем 5 (см. фиг.1). Стержень 5 соединен с соединительной деталью 8 аналогично тому, как это было описано ранее со ссылкой на фиг.1, причем кольцо 10 скользит поверх конусного нижнего участка стержня 5 аналогично тому, как это было описано ранее со ссылкой на фиг.1, при этом кольцо 10 имеет дистальный конусный участок 11, который упирается в резецированную сторону бедренной кости 9. Аналогичным образом, это способствует росту кости поверх поверхности кольца 10.
Детали компонента 1 вертела показаны на фиг.3. Можно видеть, что плоская сторона 3 компонента вертела имеет рисунок шипов 30. Этот рисунок шипов служит для обеспечения прочного соединения с любым остатком кости 12 (см. фиг.1) для дополнительной стабилизации протеза. Можно видеть, что компонент вертела имеет охватывающий конус, который заканчивается внутри смещенной выемкой 31. Форма выемки 31 выбрана таким образом, чтобы в нее мог заходить выступ 32, образованный на охватываемом конусе 33 стержня 5 (см. фиг.4). В компоненте вертела предусмотрено поперечное отверстие 34, в которое может быть введен инструмент для разборки, позволяющий произвести принудительное разделение друг от друга компонента вертела и стержня, когда требуется произвести демонтаж протеза. Как это показано на фиг.4, стержень 5 также имеет охватывающий конус 7, в котором образована выемка 35, аналогичная выемке 31 в компоненте вертела. Стержень 5 также имеет поперечное отверстие 36, в которое может быть введен инструмент для разборки, позволяющий произвести принудительное разделение друг от друга стержня и компонента соединительной детали, который предназначен для установки в конус 7.
На фиг.3, кроме того, показано, что компонент вертела также содержит отверстия 36. Эти отверстия предназначены для пришивания компонента вертела к мягкой ткани, такой как сухожилия, в том случае, когда нет остаточной кости, к которой прикреплены сухожилия, которые в таком случае могут быть закреплены на шероховатой поверхности 3.
Компонент вертела предназначен для использования в качестве стандартного компонента модульной системы, хотя могут быть предусмотрены его левая и правая версии. Могут быть предусмотрены также альтернативные компоненты вертелов, в которых степень смещения шейки бедра отличается для соответствия каждому пациенту.
Как это показано на фиг.4, стержень бедренной кости, несмотря на то, что он является стандартизованным в том, что касается конусов, поставляется в наборе с 15 мм интервалами по длине. Стержень бедренной кости имеет также пазы 37, которые предназначены для зацепления в них соответствующих ушек 38, выполненных в виде единого целого с кольцом 10. Как это показано на фиг.6, кольцо 10 имеет внутренний конус 39, в который входит соответствующий конус 40, предусмотренный на одном из концов стержня 5. Зацепление кольца со стержнем 5 и ушек 38 с пазами 37 обеспечивает надежное крепление кольца на стержне. Как это показано на фиг.6, кольцо поставляется в наборе с рядом диаметров D1 и D2.
На фиг.5 показаны различные виды соединительной детали 8. Как это показано на поперечном сечении, соединительная деталь содержит желобки для зацепления с корковой костью, причем она может быть прямой или изогнутой для соответствия любому изгибу канала кости. Проксимальный конец соединительной детали имеет конус 42, который соответствует внутреннему конусу 7 стержня. Соединительная деталь также имеет выступ 43, который соответствует выемке 35 в стержневом компоненте. Стержневой компонент 5 содержит поперечное отверстие 36 для проведения демонтажа, в которое вводят инструмент, который разделяет соединительную деталь и стержень за счет давления на соответствующие концевые торцы соединительной детали и стержня. Как показано на фиг.5, соединительная деталь поставляется с рядом различных диаметров и длин, и может быть изогнутой или прямой для соответствующего решения различных хирургических проблем, которые могут встречаться при установке данного протеза.
На фиг.7 показан модульный удлинитель стержня, который позволяет удлинять показанные на фиг.1 и 2 сборки. Модульный удлинитель стержня 50 имеет охватываемый и охватывающий конусы на противоположных концах, которые соответствуют конусу 7 модульного стержня и конусу 42 модульной соединительной детали. Само собой разумеется, что модульный удлинитель стержня 50 может быть использован и в сочетании со стандартным стержнем или отдельно для соединения компонента 1 вертела или мыщелкового элемента 21 с соединительной деталью 8.
Несмотря на то что это не показано детально, показанные на фиг.1 и 2 протезы могут быть объединены при исключении стержней 8 и колец 10 для образования полного протеза бедра. Кроме того, аналогично образованные компоненты могут быть использованы для замещения и другой длинной трубчатой кости, такой как плечевая кость.
Как уже было упомянуто ранее, легко может быть произведен демонтаж компонентов протеза с использованием инструмента для разборки, введенного в поперечные стенки компонентов у каждого конусного сочленения, как после пробной сборки, так и при проведении операции ревизии.
Для изготовления компонентов протеза преимущественно используют титановый сплав, за исключением головки бедренной кости, где преимущественно используют хромированный кобальт или керамику.

Claims (6)

1. Протез для частичного замещения длинной трубчатой кости у людей или животных, содержащий проксимальный или дистальный концевой компонент, образующий один из компонентов протезируемого сустава, стержень и соединительную деталь для ввода в зацепление в резецированную кость, отличающийся тем, что он снабжен стержнем и/или удлинителем стержня, при этом стержень и/или удлинитель стержня, соединительная деталь и дистальный или проксимальный концевые компоненты соединены друг с другом при помощи охватываемого и охватывающего конусов, причем каждый охватываемый конус содержит выступ, который проходит в продольном направлении протеза, но смещен относительно его оси и входит в соответствующую выемку в охватывающем конусе, при этом предусмотрено поперечное отверстие для обеспечения бокового доступа в область конца охватываемого конуса при помощи инструмента для разборки.
2. Протез по п.1, отличающийся тем, что он включает в себя кольцо, собранное со стержнем и/или удлинителем стержня, причем размеры кольца выбраны таким образом, чтобы оно упиралось в резецированную сторону кости, в которую должен быть установлен протез, при этом кольцо имеет участок, идущий на конус в направлении резецированной стороны и имеющий обработку поверхности, способствующую росту кости поверх конусной поверхности кольца.
3. Протез по п.2, отличающийся тем, что кольцо имеет внешнюю шероховатую поверхность или покрыто гидроксиапатитом или другим материалом, способствующим росту кости.
4. Протез по одному из пп.1-3, отличающийся тем, что он представляет собой протез для замещения проксимального участка бедренной кости, компонент которого представляет собой компонент замещения вертела.
5. Протез по п.4, отличающийся тем, что компонент замещения вертела имеет форму, которая соответствует анатомическому вертелу, и содержит шейку бедренной кости для приема головки бедренной кости, а также имеет по существу плоскую поверхность, расположенную напротив шейки бедренной кости и предназначенную для соединения с остаточной костью или с мягкой тканью.
6. Протез по п.5, отличающийся тем, что на по существу плоской поверхности предусмотрена шероховатость для зацепления с остаточной костью.
RU2003121397/14A 2000-12-15 2001-12-07 Модульный протез RU2269979C2 (ru)

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