RU2268959C1 - Fish passing and spawning channel (variants) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic structures, particularly fish passes to permit fish passage through support structures to fish hatchery and growth areas.

SUBSTANCE: fish passing and spawning channel comprises waterway made as a channel with head part connected to upper pool and mouth part communicated with lower pool of hydrosystem, rough members located on channel bottom and extending along the full length thereof, additional flow paths with head parts communicating with waterway and with mouth parts connected with low pool water pass to create multi-head inlet head with independent fish passes. Longitudinal axes of additional flow paths extend at different angles to longitudinal water pass section. In accordance with the first embodiment mouth waterway part is made as submersed inlet head with bottom swimming-in orifices. Head parts of additional through flow paths are connected with prechamber, which connects mouth waterway part with head part thereof and mouth parts of additional through flow passes with bottom swimming-in orifices. Independent fish passes are made as pressure pipes. In accordance with the second embodiment mouth waterway part has submersed inlet head with bottom swimming-in orifices. Head parts of additional through flow paths are connected with bottom waterway part separated from mouth part thereof with bottom transversal partition. The mouth parts of additional through flow paths are connected with bottom swimming-in orifices. Independent fish passes are also made as pressure pipes.

EFFECT: creation of hydraulic fish-attractive conditions in lower pool to increase probability of bottom-living fish passage into inlet heat of fish passing and spawning channel.

29 cl, 58 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, in particular to fish passage facilities designed to allow fish producers to pass through retaining structures to spawning and feeding grounds.

Known fish passage and spawning channel [1], including a water supply path made in the form of a channel, the head part of which is connected to the upper pool of the hydraulic system, and the mouth part to the lower pool, elements of enhanced and natural roughness installed on the bottom of the channel along its length, and additional flow paths, the head parts of which are connected to the water supply path.

The disadvantage of this structure is the low efficiency of attracting bottom fish species in the input head.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a fish-spawning channel [2], including a water supply path made in the form of a channel, the head part of which is connected to the upper pool of the hydraulic system, and the wellhead part - to the lower pool, reinforced roughness elements installed at the bottom the channel along its length, and additional flow paths, the head parts of which are connected to the water supply path, and the mouth parts are connected to the downstream watercourse, forming a multi-headed inlet head with autonomous fish passageways, while the longitudinal axis of the additional flow paths are located at different angles to the longitudinal alignment of the watercourse.

The disadvantage of this structure is the low efficiency of attracting bottom fish species in the input head.

The aim of the invention is the creation of effective hydraulic conditions in the downstream to increase the likelihood of entry of bottom fish in the inlet head of the fish passage-spawning channel.

The invention consists in the following.

According to claim 1, the claims. The implementation of the input head flooded and with bottom swimming inlets allows you to orient the operating mode of the fish-spawning channel to attract and pass into the upper pool bottom species of migratory fish - sturgeon, for which these hydraulic structures are mainly intended. The connection of pressure pipelines with the fore-chamber allows the fish, entering its internal space, to rest and further advance along the water supply path. The hydraulic flow pattern inside the pressure pipelines regulates the difference in water levels in the downstream chamber and in the downstream. The shorter the length of the pipelines, the more efficient the process of moving fish in the direction of the fore chamber.

For the first time in the practice of designing a fish passage and spawning channel, the principle of a narrow range of the passage of a given species of fish living in the bottom horizons of the watercourse has been used.

According to claim 2 of the claims. The implementation along the length of the pressure pipelines of additional elements of roughness allows you to extinguish the excess kinetic energy of the water stream and increase the efficiency of the fish in advance chamber. In addition, the stream structure created by the roughness elements allows the use of secondary currents for short-term rest of fish.

According to claim 3-6 of the claims. The implementation of pressure pipelines with different cross-sections are options for the execution of this element.

According to claim 7, the claims. The implementation of additional roughness elements in the bottom of pressure pipelines allows you to quench the excess kinetic energy in the bottom horizon of the stream and creates the conditions for the effective movement of fish along the pipe.

According to claim 8, the claims. The implementation of additional elements of roughness along the inner wetted perimeter of pressure pipelines can intensify the process of quenching the kinetic energy of the stream.

According to claim 9, the claims. The implementation of the initial part of the flooded inlet head in the form of a bottom ledge allows you to create a fish-guiding device for the effective movement of bottom fish to the inlet openings, as well as create a pair with the bottom of the watercourse.

According to p. 10 claims. The implementation of the working face of the ledge, in plan, curved shape allows you to optimize the structure of the hydraulic flow along the working face of the ledge. This ensures a continuous flow of the transit stream.

According to claim 11 of the claims. The implementation of the fish passage and spawning canal with an additional water supply path with a flooded inlet head with bottom inlet openings similar in design to the main water supply path, and the placement of an additional water supply path on the opposite bank of the watercourse allow creating the most effective conditions for attracting fish to the estuaries of water supply paths. In this case, a common initial wellhead part of the right-bank and left-bank tracts is formed, which completely covers the entire width of the watercourse in its bottom region.

According to p. 12 claims. The implementation of the common initial wellhead in the form of a bottom ledge allows you to create normal conditions for pairing with the bottom of the watercourse, as well as create systems for the directed movement of bottom fish in the direction of the swimming holes.

According to claim 13, claims. The implementation of the working face of the ledge, in terms of curvilinear shape, while the vertical surfaces of both working faces are convex towards each other, allows you to optimize both the hydraulic structure of the stream and the process of movement of bottom fish.

According to claim 14 of the claims. The implementation of the input head of the additional water supply path and its placement in the transverse alignment of the watercourse, located lower in the direction of its flow, allows at an early stage to intercept part of the migrants who find themselves in the zone of its influence. Thus, an effective scheme for attracting bottom fish is created.

According to p. 15 claims. The implementation of the swimming holes of the autonomous fish passage tracts of the inlet heads, the main and additional water supply paths located in different horizontal planes, makes it possible to increase the efficiency of attracting bottom fish throughout the thickness of the bottom horizon of the watercourse.

According to p. 16 claims. The implementation of the lower plane of the working edge of the ledge, mating with the bottom of the watercourse by means of a ramp, allows for smooth coupling of the inlet head with the bottom of the watercourse. This eliminates the separation of the attracting stream from the plane of the ramp and disorientation of the fish as it moves towards the swimming holes.

According to claim 17 of the claims. The execution of the surface of the ramp with fish-guiding channels, and the width of the channels decreases in the direction of the swimming holes, and the depth of the channels increases in the same direction, allows you to create optimal conditions for moving the fish to the entrance to the swimming holes. In this case, the fish channels serve as tactile landmarks, in response to which, the fish, due to the organs of its lateral line, are effectively moving in the direction of the swimming holes.

According to paragraphs 18-20 claims. The implementation of the fish channels with different cross-sectional shapes are options for the implementation of the channels.

According to p. 21 claims. The execution of the surface of the ramp curvilinear and facing concavity to the bottom of the watercourse allows you to optimize the process of flow of attracting fish flow on the surface of the ramp. In this case, the angle of the surface of the ramp to the longitudinal vector of the flow velocity changes and the condition of continuous flow mode is observed.

According to p. 22 claims. The implementation of swimming holes in tiers, at different levels along the depth of the bottom of the watercourse, allows to increase the efficiency of the distribution of attracting fish hydraulic jets and, accordingly, the efficiency of attracting fish caught in the zone of influence of the attracting stream.

According to paragraphs 23 and 24 of the claims. The implementation of the float holes in two or three tiers are options for the design of the input head.

According to paragraph 25 of the claims. The execution of the longitudinal axes of the upper and lower tidal inlet openings shifted relative to each other allows expanding the range of influence of hydraulic jets in terms of attracting bottom fish species.

According to p. 26 claims. This fishery-spawning channel layout is an option. Its main difference is the implementation of the wellhead of the water supply path with a flooded inlet head with bottom inflow holes combined with a trapezoidal cross section of the water supply path. In this case, the head parts of the additional flow paths are connected to the bottom of the water supply path, separated from its wellhead by the bottom transverse partition, and the mouth parts of the additional flow paths are connected to the bottom inlet openings, and the autonomous fish passage paths are made in the form of pressure pipelines.

This arrangement allows you to combine the passage of fish living in the bottom horizons, with the passage of fish living in the surface layers or in the thickness of the watercourse.

In addition, with a low water level in the downstream (see Figs. 56 and 57), the presence of a transverse partition allows stable operation of the fish-spawning canal, namely, due to the created water level backwater in the water supply path. In this case, bottom fish enter the pressure pipelines and move into the inner space of the water supply path, which is bounded by a transverse partition from the inlet head.

According to paragraph 27 of the claims. The implementation of swimming holes in tiers, at different levels along the depth of the bottom part of the watercourse, improves the efficiency of attracting bottom fish species and the efficiency of the distribution of hydraulic jets against the background of a river watercourse.

According to p. 28 claims. The implementation of the bottom transverse septum in the form of a flexible elastic shell connected by a supply pipe to a source of the working medium is an alternative option and allows not only to carry out the functions of water level in the water supply path, but also to control the location of the upper edge of the transverse septum. This allows you, when changing the water level in the lower, as well as in the upper pool, to control the mode of skipping fish in the upper pool. In addition, the elastic shell material does not injure fish.

According to paragraph 29 of the claims. The implementation of the bottom of the water supply path, in its mouth part, mating with the bottom of the watercourse via a ramp allows to improve the conditions for the movement of bottom fish to the inlet openings of pressure pipelines.

The solution to this problem is achieved by creating a new design of the fish-spawning channel and its variant. Graphic material that explains the essence of the invention is presented in the following figures:

FIG. 1 - fish passage and spawning channel, plan;

FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. one;

FIG. 3 is a view of the input head from the downstream side;

FIG. 4 - input tip, isometry;

FIG. 5 is a cross section of a pressure pipe with reinforced roughness elements made in its bottom;

FIG. 6 is the same. option;

FIG. 7 - the same, the option of placing elements of enhanced roughness, made in its bottom and upper parts;

FIG. 8 - the same, the option of placing elements of enhanced roughness along the wetted perimeter of the pressure pipe;

FIG. 9 - the same, the elements are rounded;

FIG. 10 is an embodiment of a pressure cross-section pipeline of square cross-section with reinforced roughness elements made in its bottom part;

FIG. 11 - the same option;

FIG. 12 is the same, an embodiment of the placement of reinforced roughness elements made in the bottom part and the upper part of the pressure pipe;

FIG. 13 - the same, the option of placing elements of enhanced roughness along the wetted perimeter of the pressure pipe;

FIG. 14 - the same, the option of placing elements of enhanced roughness in the corners of the pressure pipe;

FIG. 15 - the same, the elements of enhanced roughness are made rounded;

FIG. 16 is a variant of a pressure pipe of rectangular cross-section with reinforced roughness elements made in its bottom part;

FIG. 17 is the same, a variant with a discrete arrangement of elements of enhanced roughness in the form of hemispheres;

FIG. 18 is the same, an embodiment of placing reinforced roughness elements along a wetted perimeter of a pressure pipe;

FIG. 19 is the same, an asymmetric arrangement of elements;

FIG. 20 - a variant of the placement of elements of enhanced roughness in the corners of the pressure pipe;

FIG. 21 is an embodiment of a pressure pipe of an ovoid cross section with reinforced roughness elements made in its bottom part;

FIG. 22 - the same, the option of placing elements of enhanced roughness along the wetted perimeter of the pressure pipe;

FIG. 23 - the same, the option of a solid partition at the bottom of the pipeline;

FIG. 24 - the same, the option of placing a solid partition at the bottom of the pipeline and in its upper part;

FIG. 25 is an embodiment of reinforced roughness elements along the side walls of a pressure pipe;

FIG. 26 is a variant with a discrete arrangement of reinforced roughness elements in the form of hemispheres along a half-perimeter;

FIG. 27 is the same, a variant with a discrete arrangement of elements of enhanced roughness in the form of hemispheres along a wetted perimeter;

FIG. 28 is an embodiment of the placement of reinforced roughness elements at the bottom of a pressure pipe made in a horseshoe shape, isometry;

FIG. 29 is a diagram of the mirror placement of the input head on the right and left banks of the watercourse, respectively;

FIG. 30 - the same version with a bottom ledge with a straight working face;

FIG. 31 is a variant of the input tip, the bottom ledge with a curved working face;

FIG. 32 - a variant of the placement of the main and additional input heads with an offset to each other, relative to the watercourse;

FIG. 33 is a view of the swimming openings of the main and additional input heads;

FIG. 34 is the same, an option with the placement of float holes at different horizons;

FIG. 35 - the same, the option of pairing with the bottom of the stream through the ramp;

FIG. 36 - pairing of the input head with the bottom of the watercourse by means of a ramp, isometry;

FIG. 37 is the same, a variant with fish guide channels of a trapezoidal cross section;

FIG. 38 is the same, a variant with fish guide channels of a triangular cross section;

FIG. 39 is the same, an option with fish-guiding channels of an ovoid cross section;

FIG. 40 is an embodiment of a ramp in the form of a curved surface facing concavity to the bottom of a watercourse;

FIG. 41 is the same, a variant with fish guide channels of a trapezoidal cross section;

FIG. 42 is the same, a variant with fish guide channels of a triangular cross section;

FIG. 43 is the same, an option with fish-guiding channels of an ovoid cross section;

FIG. 44 - pressure pipeline, plan;

FIG. 45 is the same, a variant with discrete placement of elements of enhanced roughness in the form of hemispheres;

FIG. 46 - input tip, a variant of the tiered floatation;

FIG. 47 - the same option with three tiers;

FIG. 48 - input tip, a variant of the tiered placement of the swimming holes with the displacement of the holes of the upper and lower tiers relative to each other;

FIG. 49 - same, option with three tiers;

FIG. 50 is a cross section of a water supply path;

FIG. 51 - input tip, isometry (fish passage and spawning channel, 2nd option);

FIG. 52 - the same plan;

FIG. 53 is a section BB in FIG. 52;

FIG. 54 - the same option with a matching ramp;

FIG. 55 is the same, a variant with a transverse partition made in the form of a flexible elastic shell;

FIG. 56 - the same, work in case of low water level in the downstream;

FIG. 57 - the same, the operation of the input head in the pass mode only bottom species of fish;

FIG. 58 - input tip, plan.

Fishery-spawning channel includes a water supply path 1, made in the form of a channel, the head 2 of which is connected to the upper pool 3 of the waterworks, and the wellhead 4 to the lower pool 5, reinforced roughness elements 6 installed on the bottom of the channel along its length, and additional flow paths 7, the head parts of which are connected to the water supply path 1, and the mouth parts are connected to the water stream of the downstream pool 5, forming a multi-headed inlet head 8 with autonomous fish passage paths 9, while the longitudinal axes of the additional flow paths x tracts 7 are located at different angles to the longitudinal alignment of the watercourse. The wellhead part 4 of the water supply path 1 is made in the form of a flooded inlet head 8 with bottom inflow openings 10, while the head parts of the additional flow paths are connected to the fore chamber 11 connecting the well part 4 of the water path 1 with its head part 2, and the mouth part of the additional flow paths 7 with bottom swimming inlets 10, and autonomous fish passageways 9 are made in the form of pressure pipelines.

In addition, an additional 12 reinforced roughness elements can be made along the length of the autonomous fish passageways 9.

In addition, pressure pipelines 9 can be made of circular cross section.

In addition, pressure pipelines 9 can be made of square cross-section.

In addition, pressure pipelines 9 can be made of rectangular cross-section.

In addition, pressure pipelines 9 can be made ovoidal cross-section.

In addition, additional elements 12 reinforced roughness can be installed in the bottom of the pressure piping 9.

In addition, additional elements 12 reinforced roughness can be installed along the inner wetted perimeter of pressure pipelines 9.

In addition, the initial part of the flooded inlet head 8 can be made in the form of a bottom ledge 13.

In addition, the working face of the ledge 13 can be made in plan, curved shape.

In addition, the fish-spawning canal can be equipped with an additional water supply path 14 with a flooded inlet head 15 with bottom inlet openings 10, similar in design to the main water supply path 1, while the additional water supply path 14 is located on the opposite bank of the watercourse and has, with the main water supply path 1, the total initial wellhead 4.

In addition, the total initial wellhead 4 can be made in the form of a bottom ledge 13.

In addition, the working face of the ledge 13 can be made, in plan, curvilinear shape, while the vertical surfaces of both working faces are convex towards each other.

In addition, the inlet head 8 of the additional water supply path 14 can be placed in the transverse alignment of the watercourse, located lower in the direction of its flow.

In addition, the swimming holes 10 of the autonomous fish passageways 9 of the inlet heads 8, the main 1 and the additional 14 water paths, can be placed in different horizontal planes.

In addition, the lower plane of the working face of the ledge 13 can mate with the bottom of the watercourse through the ramp 16.

In addition, the surface of the ramp 16 can be made with fish-guiding channels 17, and the width of the channels 17 can decrease in the direction of the inlet openings 10, and the depth of the channels 17 can increase in the same direction.

In addition, the fish channel 17 can be made of a trapezoidal cross section.

In addition, the fish channel 17 can be made of a triangular cross section.

In addition, fish channels can be made ovoidal cross-section.

In addition, the surface of the ramp 16 can be made curved and facing concavity to the bottom of the watercourse.

In addition, the swimming holes 10 can be made in tiers, at different levels along the depth of the bottom of the watercourse.

In addition, the swimming holes 10 can be made in two tiers.

In addition, the swimming holes 10 can be made in three tiers.

In addition, the longitudinal axis of the inlet holes 10 of the upper and lower tiers can be offset from each other.

In addition, as an option, the wellhead part 4 of the water supply path 1 can be made with a flooded inlet head 8 with bottom inlet openings 10, while the head parts of additional flow paths 7 can be connected to the bottom of the water supply path 1 or 14, separated from its wellhead part 4 of the bottom transverse septum 18, and the wellhead of the additional flow paths 7 with bottom inflow openings 10, and autonomous fish passage paths 9 can be made in the form of pressure pipelines.

In addition, the bottom transverse partition 18 can be made in the form of a flexible elastic shell 19 connected by a supply pipe (not shown) to a source of a working medium (not shown).

In addition, the bottom of the water supply path 1 or 14, in its wellhead 4, can mate with the bottom of the watercourse via a ramp 16.

For spawning of fish, the bottom of the water supply path 1 and the additional water supply path 14 is made with gravel-pebble bedding 0.3 meters thick, which performs the function of spawning substrate 20.

Fishery-spawning channel works as follows.

Attraction of fish from the downstream pool 5 to the inlet head 8 is carried out by supplying a working flow rate from the upper pool 3 flowing along the water supply path 1. Stable conditions are created for flow distribution through additional flow paths 7 by connecting the wellhead part 4 to the downstream chamber 11 in the upstream chamber 11 and forming attracting plume at the exit of the inlet openings 10. Bottom species of fish (for example, sturgeon), moving mainly at the bottom of the watercourse, focusing on the attracting bottom stream, go into the inlet openings 10 and Vigating along autonomous fish passageways 9, they first go into the ditch chamber 11, and then into the water supply path 1. If the spawning conditions are met, the fish spawns in the path 1 on the spawning substrate 20. If the conditions created in the water supply path 1 do not satisfy migrants, then they move to the head 2 of its part and enter the upper pool 3, where they continue spawning migration.

To increase the efficiency of quenching the excess kinetic energy of the water stream along the length of the autonomous fish passageways 9, additional elements of enhanced roughness 12 can be installed (see Figs. 44 and 45). The layout and shape of the additional elements of enhanced roughness 12 may be different (for example, see Fig. 5-9). In addition, the cross-sectional shape of pressure pipelines can also be different (see Fig. 5-28).

The input tip 8 can be made in the form of a bottom ledge 13 (see Fig. 4), while the float holes 10 are located on its working face. Moving along the working edge of the ledge, the fish falls into the zone of influence of the upstream swimming inlet 10, while the migrants do not leave the active attraction zone.

A variant of the fish-spawning canal is possible when an additional water supply path 14 located on the opposite bank of the watercourse works in its composition. Both the right-bank water supply path 1 (main) and the left-bank water supply path 14 (additional) can have a common wellhead 4 (Figs. 29 and 30). The initial part 4 can be made in the form of a bottom ledge 13, which improves the efficiency of attracting bottom fish to the bottom of the swimming inlets 10.

A possible arrangement of fish access facilities when one of the inlet heads 8 (right-bank or left-bank) is made in a transverse section located downstream relative to the upstream inlet head 8 (Fig. 32). In this case, the efficiency of attracting bottom fish to the bottom swimming inlets 10 of both heads 8 is also increased due to the intersection of the likely migration routes of migrants in the downstream 5 by attracting flows.

The layout of the inlet holes 10 of the right-bank and left-bank inlet heads 8 is possible when they are located in the same horizontal plane (Fig. 33) or in different horizontal planes (Fig. 34). The second option allows you to expand the distribution spectrum of attracting hydraulic jets and increase the efficiency of attracting bottom fish.

To improve the interface between the bottom ledge 13 and the bottom of the watercourse, an option is provided with a matching ramp 16 (Figs. 35, 36). This allows you to ensure an uninterrupted flow over the surface of the ramp, which does not disorient the fish when they move in the direction of the swimming holes 10.

The surface of the ramp 16 with the fish guide channels 17, and the width of the channels 17 decreases in the direction of the swimming holes 10, and the depth of the channels 17 increases in the same direction, allows you to create optimal conditions for moving the fish to the entrance to the swimming holes 10. In this case, the fish guide channels 17 perform the function of tactile landmarks, in response to which, the fish, due to the organs of its lateral line, effectively moves in the direction of the swimming holes 10. The cross section of the fish guide channels 17 can t be different (see. FIGS. 37-39 and Fig. 41-43), but their longitudinal arrangement improves the efficiency of promotion of fish in the area of influence of the input tip 8.

The implementation of the swimming holes with 10 tiers, at different levels along the depth of the bottom part of the watercourse (Figs. 46 and 47), improves the distribution efficiency of attracting fish hydraulic jets and, accordingly, the efficiency of attracting fish caught in the zone of influence of the attracting stream. With this arrangement, a wider range of bottom horizons is covered.

The execution of the longitudinal axes of the swimming holes 10 of the upper and lower tiers offset from each other allows you to expand the range of influence of hydraulic jets in terms of attracting bottom fish species (see Fig. 48 and 49).

According to the second embodiment, the fish-breeding and canal channel works mainly according to the technology of its first variant. The main differences are as follows. Its main difference is the implementation of the wellhead 4 of the water supply path 1 with a flooded inlet head 8 and with bottom inlet holes 10, combined with a trapezoidal cross section of the water supply path 1 (Fig. 53). In this case, the head parts of the additional flow paths 7 are connected to the bottom of the water supply path 1, separated from the wellhead by the bottom transverse partition 18, and the mouth parts of the additional flow paths 7 are connected with the bottom inlet openings 10, and the stand-alone fish passageways 9 are made in the form of pressure pipelines .

This arrangement allows you to combine the passage of fish living in the bottom horizons, with the passage of fish living in the surface layers or in the thickness of the watercourse.

In addition, with a low water level in the downstream 5 (see Figs. 56 and 57), the presence of the transverse partition 18 allows for stable operation of the fish-spawning canal, namely, due to the created water level backwater in the water supply path 1. At the same time, the bottom fish go into pressure pipelines and move into the inner space of the water supply path 1, limited from the inlet head 8 by the transverse partition 18.

The implementation of the bottom transverse partition 18 in the form of a flexible elastic shell 19 connected by a supply pipe to a source of the working medium (not shown) is an alternative and allows not only to carry out the functions of water level in the water supply path 1, but also to control the location of the upper edge of the transverse partition 18 This allows, when changing the water level in the lower, as well as in the upper pool, to control the mode of passage of fish into the upper pool. In addition, the operating mode of the fish-spawning canal according to the first embodiment is possible (see Fig. 56), in this case, surface species of fish are cut off. In addition, the elastic material of the shell does not injure fish in contact with the outer surface of the shell 19.

Information sources

1. USSR copyright certificate No. 1666633, E 02 B 8/08, op. BI No. 28, 1991.

2. RF patent No. 2233363, E 02 B 8/08, op. 07/27/2004. "Fishery and spawning canal." Authors: Chistyakov A.An., Shkura V.N., Anokhin A.M., Chemikosova E.A. and Chistyakov A.A.

Claims (29)

1. Fishery-spawning channel, including a water supply channel made in the form of a channel, the head part of which is connected to the upper pool of the hydraulic system, and the wellhead part - to the lower pool, reinforced roughness elements installed along the channel bottom along its length, and additional flow paths, the head parts of which are connected to the water supply path, and the mouth parts are connected to the downstream watercourse, forming a multi-headed inlet head with autonomous fish passageways, while the longitudinal axes of the additional flow paths in are located at different angles to the longitudinal alignment of the watercourse, characterized in that the wellhead of the water supply path is made in the form of a flooded inlet head with bottom inflow holes, while the head parts of additional flow paths are connected to the fore-chamber connecting the wellhead of the water supply path with its head part, and the estuarine parts of additional flow paths - with bottom swimming inlets, and autonomous fish passage paths made in the form of pressure pipelines. 2. Fish passage and spawning channel according to claim 1, characterized in that additional reinforced roughness elements are made along the length of the autonomous fish passage paths. 3. Fishery and spawning channel according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure pipelines are made of circular cross section. 4. Fishery and spawning channel according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure pipelines are made of square cross section. 5. Fishery-spawning channel according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure pipelines are made of rectangular cross-section. 6. Fishery-spawning channel according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure pipelines are made of an ovoid cross section. 7. Fishery and spawning channel according to any one of paragraphs. 1 to 6, characterized in that the additional elements of enhanced roughness are installed in the bottom of pressure pipelines. 8. Fishery and spawning channel according to any one of paragraphs. 1 to 6, characterized in that the additional elements of enhanced roughness are installed along the inner wetted perimeter of pressure pipelines. 9. Fishery and spawning canal according to claim 1, characterized in that the initial part of the flooded inlet head is made in the form of a bottom ledge. 10. Fishery and spawning canal according to claim 9, characterized in that the working edge of the ledge is made in terms of a curved shape. 11. Fishery and spawning canal according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with an additional water supply path with a flooded inlet head with bottom inflow holes, similar in design to the main water supply path, while the additional water supply path is located on the opposite bank of the watercourse and has the main water supply path is the common initial wellhead. 12. Fishery and spawning canal according to claim 11, characterized in that the common initial wellhead part is made in the form of a bottom ledge. 13. Fishery-spawning channel according to claim 12, characterized in that the working face of the ledge is made in plan of a curved shape, while the vertical surfaces of both working faces are convex towards each other. 14. Fishery and spawning canal according to claim 11, characterized in that the input head of the additional water supply path is located in the transverse section of the watercourse, located lower in the direction of its flow. 15. Fishery and spawning channel according to any one of paragraphs. 11 - 14, characterized in that the swim-in holes of the autonomous fish passageways of the inlet heads of the main and additional water supply paths are placed in different horizontal planes. 16. Fishery and spawning canal according to claim 9, characterized in that the lower plane of the working edge of the ledge is associated with the bottom of the watercourse by means of a ramp. 17. Fishery-spawning canal according to claim 16, characterized in that the surface of the ramp is made with fish-guiding channels, and the width of the channels decreases in the direction of the swimming holes, and the depth of the channels increases in the same direction. 18. Fish passage and spawning channel according to claim 17, characterized in that the fish guide channels are made of a trapezoidal cross section. 19. A fish passage and spawning channel according to claim 17, characterized in that the fish guide channels are made of a triangular cross section. 20. Fishery-spawning channel according to claim 17, characterized in that the fish-guiding channels are made of ovoid cross-section. 21. Fishery and spawning canal according to any one of paragraphs. 16 - 20, characterized in that the surface of the ramp is made curved and facing concavity to the bottom of the watercourse. 22. Fishery and spawning channel according to any one of paragraphs. 1 - 6 and 9 - 12, characterized in that the inlet holes are made in tiers at different levels along the depth of the bottom part of the watercourse. 23. Fishery and spawning canal according to claim 22, characterized in that the swimming openings are made in two tiers. 24. Fishery and spawning canal according to claim 22, characterized in that the swimming openings are made in three tiers. 25. Fishery and spawning channel according to any one of paragraphs. 22 to 24, characterized in that the longitudinal axis of the swimming holes of the upper and lower tiers are offset from each other. 26. Fishery and spawning canal, including a water supply channel made in the form of a channel, the head part of which is connected to the upper pool of the hydraulic system, and the wellhead part - to the lower pool, reinforced roughness elements installed along the channel bottom along its length, and additional flow paths, the head parts of which are connected to the water supply path, and the wellhead parts are connected to the downstream watercourse, forming a multi-headed inlet head with autonomous fish passage paths, while the longitudinal axes of the additional flow paths s are located at different angles to the longitudinal alignment of the watercourse, characterized in that the wellhead of the water supply path is made with a flooded inlet head with bottom inlet openings, while the head parts of the additional flow paths are connected to the bottom part of the water supply path, separated from its mouth part by the bottom transverse partition and the estuarine parts of additional flow paths - with bottom swimming inlets, and autonomous fish passage paths made in the form of pressure pipelines. 27. Fishery and spawning canal according to claim 26, characterized in that the swimming openings are made in tiers at different levels in depth of the bottom part of the watercourse. 28. Fishery and spawning channel according to claim 26, characterized in that the bottom transverse partition is made in the form of a flexible elastic shell connected by a supply pipe to a source of the working medium. 29. Fishery and spawning canal according to any one of paragraphs. 26 - 28, characterized in that the bottom of the water supply path in its mouth part is associated with the bottom of the watercourse by means of a ramp.

Images