CN115005133A - Construction method of spawning site for upstream spawning fishes in natural lake brook - Google Patents
Construction method of spawning site for upstream spawning fishes in natural lake brook Download PDFInfo
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- CN115005133A CN115005133A CN202210866955.XA CN202210866955A CN115005133A CN 115005133 A CN115005133 A CN 115005133A CN 202210866955 A CN202210866955 A CN 202210866955A CN 115005133 A CN115005133 A CN 115005133A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for constructing a spawning ground of fishes spawning in upstream of a ying stream in a natural lake, which comprises the following steps: site selection in a spawning site area; constructing a spawning site with a herringbone channel, adjusting the flow rate, the water temperature, the dissolved oxygen, the water depth and the like of water, and then laying palm leaves in the herringbone channel. The invention can solve the problem of spawning and hatching of the upstream spawning fishes in the ying stream. On the basis of determining the habitat conditions of the existing spawning site, the invention ecologically simulates the original breeding and hatching habitat by remolding, draining and laying the substrate of the damaged spawning habitat, thereby achieving the purposes of germplasm resource protection and fishery resource recovery of the upstream spawning fishes in natural lake brook.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of resource recovery, and particularly relates to a method for constructing a spawning site of upstream spawning fishes in a natural lake.
Background
The upstream spawning fish in the ying stream is the fish which grows in an open water area and breeds at a water inlet of a lake in a breeding season or a water outlet of a karst cave in a bank zone. The bottom material and water flow of the spawning site of this fish are very similar to the spawning site of stream-type fish. The breeding habit is a relatively original reverse water breeding character of a river valley tunnel, common fishes comprise anabarilius grahami, barbel barb, barbel grahami, barbel quadripleus and the like, and the method is a high-quality aquatic germplasm resource and native rare fish in China. In the process of fish reproduction, the creation of habitat conditions required for spawning is crucial to ensuring smooth spawning and sperm discharging of fish, fish egg fertilization and hatching. The spawning site is a natural breeding site of fishes, is a key habitat in the life history of the fishes and is related to basic conditions for supplementing the back resources of the population. Therefore, the environment conditions needed by the spawning site are determined, and the restoration or reconstruction of the spawning site has important significance for hatching fertilized eggs, raising and sheltering larvae and fish larvae, and recovering population resources.
In recent years, along with climate change, hydraulic engineering construction, shoreline tourism resource development and reduction of forest coverage in runoff areas, a spawning site of upstream spawning fishes in a stream is damaged; and the fishing amount is too large, the yield of the upstream spawning fishes in the natural lakes is sharply reduced and almost died, and the phenomenon of grouping and forming in the lakes can not be seen. Taking anabarilius grahami as an example, the historical recorded naena grahami anabarilius spawning fish hole is more than 60, but as the water level is lowered, water in the naena grahami cannot reach a ditch hole, most of the ditch hole has no water flowing out or little water, only 7 anabarilius grahami can be used at present, the utilization rate is 11.7%, and the natural propagation of the anabarilius grahami is severely restricted. In order to recover the population quantity of anabarilius grahami and accelerate the industrialized development of anabarilius grahami, artificial breeding and culture of anabarilius grahami are successfully realized by domesticating wild parent fishes from 2000 years under the research and effort of multiple parties, and the possibility is provided for propagation and release. However, natural restoration of fish populations is the only way to protect and restore fish germplasm resources. Otherwise, even if artificial breeding is realized, if the original habitat is damaged, the survival rate of the breeding released fishes is greatly reduced, no mature wild parent fishes can be caught as breeding parents, and the risk of genetic gene degeneration exists. In the prior art, a large-scale anti-wave fish culture method disclosed by patent CN201910035299.7, a slope type anti-wave fish artificial propagation spawning device disclosed by patent CN105900889A, a wave resistant fish artificial propagation spawning device disclosed by patent CN105900888A, a cultivation method of sinocyclocheilus grahami offspring seed in CN201010178833.9 and a pond micro-flow water culture method disclosed by patent CN201510169005.1 are all used for achieving the purpose of spawning of fish by artificially constructing a spawning device in a breeding pond, not for constructing a natural spawning lake field and not beneficial to recovering germplasm resources of the spawning fish in a reverse water flow of a ying stream. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a method for constructing a spawning site for fish spawning in the upstream of natural lake streams, so as to increase the suitable spawning site area of the fish and gradually realize the self-recovery of the indigenous rare fish population.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for constructing a spawning site of the upstream spawning fishes in the ying streams in the natural lake, which repairs or constructs a proper spawning site from the beginning based on the abandoned spawning site, thereby realizing the ecological simulation of the original breeding habitat and achieving the aims of germplasm resource protection and resource recovery of the upstream spawning fishes in the ying streams in the natural lake.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for constructing a spawning ground of fishes spawning in upstream of a nutrient stream in a natural lake comprises the following steps:
(1) site selection in the spawning site area: selecting an area satisfying the following conditions as a spawning ground area on a bank of the natural lake:
historically, there are areas where spawning sites of upstream spawning fishes in streams of ying and brook are distributed; or
The water-saving and anti-seismic drainage basin comprises a karst cave or a mountain spring water outlet, the drainage basin vegetation coverage rate reaches more than 70%, and the drainage basin is noise-free or vibration-free and is provided with a zone with a substrate containing broken stones;
(2) constructing a spawning site: in the oviposition area selected in the step (1), constructing a herringbone channel which is branched towards the lake body direction of the natural lake by taking the water outlet as the upstream, and paving gravels or stones at the bottom of the herringbone channel;
adjusting the flow speed of the water outlet to 0.1-0.4 m/s, the water temperature to 11-28 ℃, the pH to 8.5-9.5, the dissolved oxygen content to 2-6 mg/L, and adjusting the water depth in the herringbone channel to 0.2-0.4 m,
(3) laying a fish nest: palm leaves are arranged in the channel shaped like the Chinese character 'ren'.
Preferably, the herringbone channel in the step (2) is divided into a first channel and a second channel, an interception net is arranged in the upstream direction of the first channel, and an interception net is arranged in the downstream direction of the second channel;
and (3) flatly laying the palm blades on the substrate in the first channel, suspending the palm blades attached with fish eggs in the second channel for hatching after the fish lay eggs on the palm blades, and removing the downstream intercepting net of the second channel after the fish eggs are hatched so as to facilitate the young fish to swim to the natural lake.
The intercepting net in the upstream direction of the first channel can block impurities in water flow so as to avoid influencing the spawning of the upstream spawning fishes in the camp brook, and the open downstream direction facilitates the spawning fishes in the camp brook to enter and exit the first channel.
The downstream direction intercepting net of the second channel can prevent other fishes and shrimps in water from feeding eggs of fishes spawning eggs in the upstream water of the brook, and protect the fish eggs.
Preferably, step (2) is still including the step of setting up the drainage water pipe, the entry of drainage water pipe set up in the lake body in nature lake, the export of drainage water pipe set up in the upper reaches of "people" style of calligraphy passageway, the drainage water pipe is driven by the pump, the setting of pump is kept away from the spawning ground.
The pump which is far away from the setting can avoid the vibration generated when the pump works disturbing the fish which lay eggs before. When the water flow of the water outlet of the karst cave or the spring water is lower than the required flow rate, water can be led from the lake body to the herringbone channel through the water leading pipe, and the water outlet of the karst cave or the spring mouth is simulated.
Preferably, the drainage water pipe is laid in the water delivery channel, the first end of the water delivery channel is connected with the lake body of the natural lake, the second end of the water delivery channel is positioned at the upstream of the herringbone channel, and the second end of the water delivery channel is provided with an interception net.
Preferably, the water depth in the water delivery channel is 5-10 cm.
Preferably, the construction of the spawning site of the upstream spawning fishes in the natural lake is the restoration or reconstruction of the abandoned spawning site.
Preferably, the particle size of the sand in the step (2) is 0.5-1 cm.
Preferably, the total thickness of the gravels or stones in the step (2) is 10-30 cm.
Preferably, the width of the herringbone channel in the step (2) is 40-60 cm. The width of the water delivery channel is 20-40 cm.
Preferably, the inlet and the outlet of the drainage water pipe are both provided with filter screens. Can filter lake body impurities and fish.
Preferably, the mesh of the intercepting net is 10-16 meshes.
Preferably, the step (2) further comprises the steps of flattening the substrate of the herringbone channel and removing sludge and impurities.
Preferably, the method for constructing the herringbone channel in the step (2) is mechanical excavation.
Preferably, the gravy fish capable of laying eggs in the reverse water is grahamus grahami, barbel barb, barbel grahami or barbel grahami. Wherein, for grahamus grahami, barb ba, the water temperature is 17~28 ℃, and for the sinocyclocheilus grahami, the water temperature is 11~19 ℃.
Preferably, the natural lake is a pacific lake, a yunnan lake, a Chenghai or a Yangzong sea.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for constructing a spawning site of upstream spawning fishes in a natural lake, which can repair or construct a proper spawning site from the beginning based on a waste spawning site, thereby realizing ecological simulation of an original breeding habitat and achieving the purposes of self-breeding and population recovery of the upstream spawning fishes in the natural lake.
On the basis of the habitat conditions of the existing spawning site, the method disclosed by the invention is used for ecologically simulating the original breeding and hatching habitat by remolding and draining the terrain of the damaged spawning habitat and paving the substrate spawning substrate, is high in implementability and achieves the purposes of restoring and reconstructing the breeding habitat of the fish spawning in the upstream of natural lake and brook.
The spawning site for the upstream spawning fishes in the natural lake, which is constructed by the invention, comprises the spawning site and the breeding site for the fishes, avoids the ingestion of fertilized eggs due to excessive small trash fishes in the natural lake, ensures the hatchability of the fertilized eggs, and achieves the purposes of germplasm resource protection and fishery resource recovery of the upstream spawning fishes in the natural lake.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a selected spawning ground area of example 1.
FIG. 2 shows the operation of manually dredging the spawning site area in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a spawning ground constructed in example 1.
FIG. 4 shows that the spawning ground constructed in example 1 successfully attracts Anabarilius grahami to come.
FIG. 5 is a photograph showing that the spawning ground constructed in example 1 successfully attracts Anabarilius grahami to spawn.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the spawning site constructed in example 1, in which 1 is a first passage, 2 is a second passage, 3 is a water delivery passage, 4 is a pump, 5 is an intercepting net, 6 is a palm blade, and 7 is a drainage pipe. The direction of the arrows in the figure represents the direction of the water flow.
Detailed Description
Example 1
In Yuxi Chengxiang Yangxiang lake, one dry karst cave water outlet is selected as a spawning site area for repairing as shown in figure 1.
Adopting an artificial shovel to dig to form a herringbone channel shown in figure 5, enabling the downstream of the herringbone channel to be communicated with lake water, enabling the water depth in the channel to be 0.2m, then carrying out artificial dredging operation to remove silt and sundries in the channel (shown in figure 2), additionally digging a water conveying channel on one side to be communicated with the upstream of the herringbone channel, burying a drainage pipe in the water conveying channel, leading lake bodies to the upstream of the herringbone channel, leveling the concave and convex bottom of the herringbone channel, and then paving gravels with the particle size of 0.5-1 cm at the bottom of the channel, wherein the thickness of the gravels is 20 cm.
And finally, intercepting nets are respectively arranged at the outlet end of the water delivery channel and the upstream end of one of the herringbone channels, and the downstream end of one of the herringbone channels is provided with the intercepting net, and palm blades are placed in the channel with the intercepting net at the upstream end.
Leading lake water with the pH of 8.5-9.5, the dissolved oxygen of 2-6 mg/L and the water temperature of 17-25 ℃ to the upstream of the herringbone channel through a drainage water pipe to form water flow with the flow speed of 0.1-0.4 m/s, and keeping the water temperature at 17-25 ℃, as shown in figures 3 and 4.
In 3-6 months every year, the third day of water flow, the constructed spawning ground successfully attracts anabarilius grahami to arrive, and spawns in the ground, as shown in fig. 4 and 5.
Example 2
In the Yunnan Chenghai, a dried river mouth is selected as a spawning site area for restoration.
Digging by adopting a digging machine to form a herringbone channel as shown in figure 6, enabling the downstream of the herringbone channel to be communicated with lake water, enabling the water depth in the channel to be 0.4m, then carrying out manual dredging operation to remove sludge and sundries in the channel, digging a water delivery channel on one side to be communicated with the upstream of a herringbone channel, burying a drainage pipe in the water delivery channel, leading lake bodies to the upstream of the herringbone channel, flattening the concave and convex bottom of the herringbone channel, and then paving gravels with the particle size of 0.5-1 cm at the bottom of the channel, wherein the thickness of the gravels is 30 cm.
And finally, intercepting nets are respectively arranged at the outlet end of the water delivery channel and the upstream end of one of the herringbone channels, and the downstream end of one of the herringbone channels is provided with the intercepting net, and palm blades are placed in the channel with the intercepting net at the upstream end.
Leading lake water with the pH of 8.6-9.5, the dissolved oxygen of 4-6 mg/L and the water temperature of 18-28 ℃ to the upstream of the herringbone channel through a drainage water pipe to form water flow with the flow speed of 0.3-0.4 m/s, and keeping the water temperature at 18-28 ℃.
In 5-8 months every year, in a week of water flow, the constructed spawning ground successfully attracts the fishes belonging to the barbus barb to arrive and spawns at the fishes.
Example 3
In Yunnan pond, a dry karst cave mouth is selected as a spawning site area for repairing.
Digging by adopting a digging machine to form a herringbone channel as shown in figure 6, enabling the downstream of the herringbone channel to be communicated with lake water, enabling the water depth in the channel to be 0.3m, then carrying out manual dredging operation to remove sludge and sundries in the channel, digging a water delivery channel on one side to be communicated with the upstream of a herringbone channel, burying a drainage pipe in the water delivery channel, leading lake bodies to the upstream of the herringbone channel, flattening the concave and convex bottom of the herringbone channel, and then paving gravels with the particle size of 0.5-1 cm at the bottom of the channel, wherein the thickness of the gravels is 10 cm.
And finally, intercepting nets are respectively arranged at the outlet end of the water delivery channel and the upstream end of one of the herringbone channels, and the downstream end of one of the herringbone channels is provided with the intercepting net, and palm blades are placed in the channel with the intercepting net at the upstream end.
Leading lake water with the pH of 8.6-9.5, the dissolved oxygen of 2-6 mg/L and the water temperature of 11-19 ℃ to the upstream of the herringbone channel through a drainage water pipe to form water flow with the flow speed of 0.1-0.4 m/s and keep the water temperature at 11-19 ℃.
Every 12~ 3 months of the next year, in the rivers week, the spawning ground of structure successfully attracts the arrival of yunnan pond sinocyclocheilus grahami to lay eggs here.
Claims (10)
1. A method for constructing a spawning ground of fishes spawning in upstream of a ying stream in a natural lake is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) site selection in the spawning site area: selecting an area satisfying the following conditions as a spawning ground area on a bank of the natural lake:
historically, there are areas where spawning sites of upstream spawning fishes in streams of ying and brook are distributed; or
The water-saving land area comprises a karst cave or a mountain spring water outlet, has the watershed vegetation coverage rate of more than 70 percent, has no noise or vibration, and is provided with broken stones on the substrate of the bank zone;
(2) constructing a spawning site: in the spawning site area selected in the step (1), a herringbone channel which is branched towards the lake body direction of the natural lake is constructed by taking the water outlet as an upstream, and gravel or stones are paved at the bottom of the herringbone channel;
adjusting the flow speed of the water outlet to be 0.1-0.4 m/s, the water temperature to be 11-28 ℃, the pH to be 8.5-9.5, the dissolved oxygen content to be 2-6 mg/L, and adjusting the water depth in the herringbone channel to be 0.2-0.4 m;
(3) laying a fish nest: palm leaves are arranged in the channel shaped like the Chinese character 'ren'.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the herringbone channel is divided into a first channel and a second channel, wherein an interception net is arranged in the upstream direction of the first channel, and an interception net is arranged in the downstream direction of the second channel;
and (3) flatly laying the palm blades on the substrate in the first channel, suspending the palm blades attached with fish eggs in the second channel for hatching after the fish lay eggs on the palm blades, and removing the downstream intercepting net of the second channel after the fish eggs are hatched so as to facilitate the young fish to swim to the natural lake.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the mesh of the intercepting net is 10-16 mesh.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step (2) further comprises the step of providing a drainage pipe, an inlet of which is provided in the body of the natural lake, an outlet of which is provided upstream of the herringbone channel, the drainage pipe being driven by a pump, the pump being provided away from the spawning site.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the drainage pipe is laid in a water delivery channel, a first end of the water delivery channel is connected with the lake body of the natural lake, a second end of the water delivery channel is positioned at the upstream of the herringbone channel, and an interception net is arranged at the second end of the water delivery channel; preferably, the water depth in the water delivery channel is 5-10 cm, and the width is 20-40 cm.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sand in step (2) has a particle size of 0.5-1 cm.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the total thickness of the gravel or stone block in the step (2) is 10 to 30 cm.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the width of the herringbone channel in the step (2) is 40-60 cm.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the construction of the spawning site of the reverse-water spawning fishes in the natural lake is the restoration or reconstruction of the abandoned spawning site.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the gravy fish that spawns against water is graham, barbel barb, barbel graham or barbel quadrigraham; preferably anabarilius grahami.
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| CN202210866955.XA CN115005133B (en) | 2022-07-22 | 2022-07-22 | Construction method of spawning site for natural lake campstream reverse water spawning fish |
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