RU2263847C2 - Heat generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat engineering, namely heating of industrial, domestic and municipal buildings, drying chambers.

SUBSTANCE: heat generating using waste wood, sawn timber, turf includes housing, fire box with combustion chamber and afterburner, ash pit with air feed regulator, fire grate, inner horizontal partition abutted to rear wall, ash trapping chamber, injectors with branch pipes for feeding secondary air, branch pipe for removing combustion products. Heat generator also includes ash pit with regulating gate for removing air downwards through grate bars with horizontal-slit and vertical-column air supply. In afterburner cross and longitudinal injectors connected tangentially are arranged for supplying secondary air. Said injectors have internal plate type screw swirlers and provide air supply through cone-opening nozzles. Afterburner is hood type chamber with lower removal of combustion products through vertically descending duct at separating solid particles of smoke outbursts in ash trapping chamber. Evacuation degree in fire box is controlled by means of movable damper changing cross section of opening that connects ash pit with flue.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency due to complete combustion and improved heat transfer, lowered quantity of harmful outburst.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to heat engineering, to devices for heating air and can be used for heating industrial premises, public buildings, heating industrial air, in drying installations, as well as for heating and heating for domestic purposes.

Known devices for heating air in order to heat rooms, which consist of hearth furnaces and a chamber for burning furnace gases. The furnace for heating rooms (Ukrainian Patent No. 22890 class. F 24 B 7/00, 1996) consists of a combustion chamber, a casing, a partition inside the combustion chamber, a front and rear walls with a loading hatch and an inlet and outlet throttle valves. These essential features are common with the invention that is claimed. The reason that does not allow the analogue to achieve a technical result is the lack of an effective system for supplying secondary air to the afterburner.

The air heater (Patent of Ukraine No. 31625 class. F 24 B 7/02) consists of a housing made of pipes, front and rear walls, a loading hatch and air supply gates and smoke exhaust, has a secondary air supply system.

The disadvantage of this device, as well as the previous one, is the principle of air supply from the side of the loading hatch and the creation of the front frontal part of the fuel combustion, which leads to a decrease in the combustion area and excludes most of the furnace chamber from operation. The shortened size of the secondary air supply pipes leads to the emission of smoke into the air pipes in reverse when the draft fluctuates, gusts of wind, blowing into the chimney. In addition, the manufacture of the furnace body from pipes is technologically difficult and time-consuming.

The air heater (Russian Patent No. 2186299 class. F 24 B 7/02), which consists of a housing, end walls, screens, gasifier regulator, power regulator, injectors, has a more advanced secondary air supply system and to avoid flue gas return primary air supply and separation system. It is closest to the design proposed by this application.

However, the analogue has significant disadvantages. Firstly, it is a blind hearth device, which means that it has limitations on the area of contact between air and fuel. Such devices, as a rule, are uneconomical [1] p. 251.

Secondly, the design of the afterburner does not provide a long stay of the furnace gases in the chamber and makes it impossible to completely oxidize the combustion products due to direct exit to the chimney from the afterburner.

Effective cooling of the combustion products is not ensured, which leads to their removal into the chimney with a high temperature and heat loss. Therefore, it is not possible to achieve a high level of plant efficiency. In addition, it is not foreseen the possibility of selection of solid particles of combustion products that are emitted into the atmosphere.

The basis of the technical task of the invention, which is claimed, is set to increase the efficiency of the installation, reducing solid emissions of combustion products.

To solve the tasks in the heat generator, the following innovations were applied, which are absent from analogues:

1. The air supply is made from below through the use of a blower and grate device. This ensures a uniform distribution of oxygen and fuel combustion over a large area of grates. In this case, the entire mass of fuel is dried and warmed up by ascending heat fluxes, which ensures a stable and highly efficient combustion process in the future.

2. Taking into account the fact that the separate use of horizontal or vertical grates does not allow solving the problem of burning fine-grained fossil fuels having the ability to cake and condense, combined grates made of horizontal with alkaline openings and vertical columnar ones with protective hoods are made in the heat generator holes distributed in height. The use of volumetric forms of grates makes it possible to bring air deeper into the mass of fuel and provide a volumetric layer of combustion, which is especially effective when burning chips, fragments of agricultural plants, peat, etc. in smoldering mode.

3. Unlike analogues, the heat generator has a combined system of transverse-longitudinal secondary air supply, which ensures uniform distribution of air at the beginning of the afterburning chamber and along it.

The use of screw plates inside the guides ensures the rotation of the secondary air during movement to the output nozzles and ensure swirling of the air at the outlet. The effect of mixing air and furnace gases is increased through the use of conical shapes of the openings of the outlet nozzles.

4. In the heat generator, the bell-shaped principle of afterburning of furnace gases is used, which ensures the priority of the output of combustion products, which have a lower temperature and a larger specific gravity. The exothermic reaction of the oxidation of carbon monoxide during the afterburning process is accompanied by a significant release of heat and the creation of carbon dioxide with a large specific gravity and its priority removal from the heat generator.

The structure of the heat generator is shown in Fig.1-5. Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of the structure; figure 2 is a front view with a section along aa, view g explains the structure of the air supply system to the bell type afterburner; figure 3 is a section of a longitudinal injection system of the afterburner with the image of a plate screw air swirl; figure 4 is a section of a vertical grate; figure 5 - heat transfer rib.

In the drawings indicated:

1. Firebox housing

2. The partition

3. Longitudinal injector

4. Afterburner

5. The vertical channel

6. Casing

7. Back wall

8. Ash collection chamber

9. Combustion control

10. Power control

11. Damper

12. Vertical grate

13. Fender

14. Heat transfer fin

15. Secondary air supply channel

16. The door was blown

17. Shiber

18. The grid-iron is horizontal

19. Primary air regulator

20. The fuel door

21. The combustion chamber

22. Front wall

23. Transverse injector

24. 3 helical plate vortex

25. The camera blew

26. Nozzle

The heat generator has the following design features.

The basis of the heat generator (figure 1; 2) is the furnace body 1, front 22 and rear 7 end walls. A loading hatch with a door 20 having a seal is mounted in the front wall, the door is blown 16 with an air supply regulator 19. A power regulator 10 with a gate 17 having a cutout for ensuring constant ventilation of the furnace for security purposes is mounted on the back wall, a combustion regulator 9 with a blind gate . A power controller 10 connects the vertical channel 5 through the ash collecting chamber 8 to the chimney, and a combustion controller 9 connects the combustion chambers 21 and afterburning 4 to the chimney. The furnace is divided by an internal partition 2 of plate steel. The internal chimney system has a vertical channel 5 with an ash collecting chamber 8. In the lower part of the furnace, grates 18 are installed in the guides. Vertical grates 12 for volumetric air supply can be used for burning shavings and peat (Fig. 4). Outside, the heat generator has a casing 6. Under the casing on the outside of the combustion chamber there are heat transfer ribs 14 (Fig. 4).

The cavities of the blower and the ash collecting chambers are interconnected by an elongated hole, which can be closed by a shutter 11, which moves along the heat generator, closing or opening the hole.

In the afterburner 4 there are transverse 23 and longitudinal 3 (FIG. 3) injectors that make up the secondary air supply system.

A plate screw swirl is mounted inside the injector bodies 24. In the transverse injector, the swirl has a left and right screw winding for the left and right injectors, respectively. Transverse and longitudinal injectors are connected tangentially. The holes of the nozzles 26 of the injectors have a conical shape for swirling air, and the nozzles of the transverse injector are located only on the side of the afterburner. Air intake is placed below the level of the chimney, and secondary air is supplied through channel 15. This eliminates the emission of smoke from the afterburner.

The heat generator operates as follows.

The fuel loaded through the hatch to the grate 18 burns in direct combustion mode with the removal of combustion products through the combustion regulator 9. At the same time, the gate of the power regulator 10 is open. There is a quick warming up of the furnace body 1, the partition 2, the injectors 23, 3. The damper 11 is closed at this time. After heating the furnace, the gate of the regulator 9 closes completely. Furnace gases rise into the afterburner, when mixed with secondary air, which is supplied through the nozzles of the injectors, burn out; the heat released in this case is transferred through the walls of the furnace body 1 and the heat transfer fins 14 to the air flow under the casing, and the cooled combustion products are lowered downward along the vertical channel 5 with increased speed. In the ash collecting chamber, the speed of movement decreases, solid particles by inertia fall down, and smoke is discharged through the power regulator 10 into the chimney. The combustion process is regulated by the sliders of the regulators 19, 10 and the shutter 11. By reducing the air supply through the primary air supply regulator 19, the heat generator is put into operation in smoldering mode. The damper 11 can be reduced rarefaction in the combustion chambers 21 and afterburning 4 due to the suction of air from the chamber blown 25 through the ash collection chamber 8 into the chimney.

The choice of the optimal combustion and exhaust gas combustion products lengthens the combustion process in smoldering mode, reduces the temperature of the exhausted combustion products and raises the plant efficiency to 0.8 and higher. The duration of the combustion of a one-time full load of fuel lasts up to 12 hours.

Thus, in the process of solving the problem, the following technical solutions were achieved.

The bell-type afterburner 4 of the bell type and the vertical channel 5 provide lowering of the colder and heavier fractions of the fuel combustion products and their removal from the heat generator through the chimney system, one of the components of which is the ash collecting chamber 8.

The ratio of the cross sections of the vertical channel 5 and the afterburner 4 of the furnace gases is 1: 4. This ensures a low velocity of the furnace gases in the afterburner, increases the duration of the combustion process and thereby the completeness of fuel combustion.

Simultaneously with an increase in the rate of movement of combustion products along the vertical channel due to inertia, solid particles of waste are discarded and collected in the lower part of the ash collecting chamber, which reduces the amount of solid emissions into the atmosphere.

Unlike analogs, the heat generator uses a rarefaction control device in the furnace by changing the cross section of the connection channel of the blower cavities and the chimney with a damper.

To increase the transfer of heat from the furnace wall to the environment, to the air, the outer side of the furnace body 1 has heat transfer fins 14 installed at an angle of 45 ° in the direction of air flow.

To ensure turbulence in the air flow, the heat transfer ribs 14 have through holes. To transfer the air flow to the outer surface of the furnace body 1 and the heat transfer ribs 14, fenders 13 are installed on the inner surface of the casing 6.

To quickly heat up the heat generator or use it as a direct-flow heating device at high heat loads, a slide control device for the combustion regulator 9 is used, which connects the combustion chambers 23 and afterburning 4 of the furnace to the chimney. The same device is used to ventilate the furnace when reloading fuel.

To avoid smoke in the room, the door 20 has a seal that provides tightness.

Sources of information

1. Sosnin Yu.P., Bukharkin E.N. Heating and hot water supply of an individual house. M .: Stroyizdat, 1981.

2. Patent of Ukraine No. 22890, cl. F 24 B 7/001, 1996.

3. Patent of Ukraine No. 31625, cl. F 24 B 7/02, 1996.

4. RF patent No. 2186299, cl. F 24 B 7/02, 2000.

Claims (3)

1. A heat generator for burning wood, peat, wood waste, having a casing, a furnace with combustion and afterburners, a blower with an air supply regulator, a grate, an internal horizontal partition adjacent to the rear wall, an ash collecting chamber, injectors with secondary air inlets, a pipe for removing combustion products, characterized in that it has a blower with a regulating gate for venting the air from below through grates with horizontal-slotted and vertical-columnar air supply, in the chamber up to transverse and longitudinal secondary air injectors connected tangentially with internal plate-shaped screw swirls with air supply through nozzles with conical openings, has a bell type afterburning chamber with a lower discharge of combustion products through a vertical lowering channel with the selection of solid particles of smoke emissions into ash collection chamber, regulation of rarefaction in the furnace by a movable damper for changing the cross section of the opening of the connection of the blower and the chimney. 2. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat transfer ribs are installed on the outside of the furnace body, have through figured holes, and the casing has guiding air chippers. 3. The heat generator according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a combustion regulator with a damp damper located between the combustion chamber, afterburner and chimney.

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