RU2260144C2 - Device to deliver water into internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to device for delivering water into carburetor internal combustion engine. Invention makes it possible to widely use water as addition to fuel of carburetor engines without materially changing design of carburetor and engine, and to provide optimum ratio of water and fuel under all operating conditions of engine at high stability of water atomizing. Device for delivery of water into internal combustion engine contains water reservoir, float chamber, water pipe lines and water atomizer connected to carburetor. Injector-type water atomizer have de Laval nozzle with side air holes, and they are connected, each, to necks of venturies of primary and secondary mixing chambers, and two atomizers after throttle valve of primary mixing chamber of carburetor whose pipelines are provided with electromagnetic water valves. One of said valves is electrically coupled with idle fuel electromagnetic valve, and the other, with limit switch set into operation by drive lever of carburetor accelerating pump.

EFFECT: reduced fuel consumption at operation on low octane rating fuel without reduction of power, reduced content of harmful substances in exhaust gases and smoke.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to engine building, and in particular to devices for supplying water to a car carburetor engine.

A device is known for supplying water to a carburetor internal combustion engine containing a container with an aqueous solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO ₄ ), a connecting line, a shut-off element and a pipe that is directly connected to the carburetor under the throttle valve (ed. St. USSR No. 1263898, MKP F 02 M 25/02, priority date 04/05/85) [1].

In the known device, an increase in efficiency and a decrease in conductivity is carried out by fairly simple means of supplying an additive to a carburetor. However, the entry of an aqueous solution into the carburetor directly through the pipe does not produce high-quality spray and leads to unstable engine operation.

A device for supplying water to a carburetor engine containing a water tank, a connecting line with a regulator for supplying water to the annular cavity and radial channels made in a large carburetor diffuser (ed. St. USSR No. 1244367, MKP F 02 M 25/02, date priority 11.01.85) [2].

In this device, the spray quality improves with an increase in the number of radial channels made in the neck of the carburetor diffuser. However, the problem of the optimal ratio of water to fuel supply at the engine operating modes - idle speed and a sharp increase in load (the action of the accelerator pump) has not been solved.

The closest in technical essence is a device containing a container of water, an expansion chamber, water sprayers located in the neck of the diffuser and to the throttle of the mixing chamber of the carburetor. As well as a petal gasket and a two-blade screw located behind the throttle (Russian Federation patent No. 2015397, INC F 02 M 25/02, priority date 01.02.88) [3].

However, the presence of an expansion chamber, which is a tee for supplying water and distributing emulsions from it into the diffuser and the mixing chamber of the carburetor, reduces the pressure in the water atomizers, reducing the quality of the spray. The presence of a petal gasket with a two-bladed screw in the carburetor to increase the homogeneity of the water-fuel-air mixture increases the resistance of the combustible mixture and impairs the filling of the cylinders with the working mixture, which leads to a sharp drop in engine power.

The aim of the invention is:

- the possibility of wide practical use of water as an additive to the fuel of carburetor engines without a significant change in the design of the carburetor and engine;

- ensuring the optimal ratio of water to fuel in all engine operating modes with high stability of water spray;

- increase fuel economy when operating the engine on low-octane fuel without reducing power, reducing the content of harmful substances in exhaust gases and reducing smoke.

This goal is achieved by the fact that a device for supplying water to an internal combustion engine containing a container of water, a float chamber, water supply pipelines and water sprayers connected to the carburetor. The injector type water sprayers contain a Laval nozzle with lateral air holes and are connected: one to the throat of the diffusers of the primary and secondary mixing chambers and two behind the throttle valve of the primary mixing chamber of the carburetor, the pipelines of which contain water electromagnetic valves, one of which is electrically connected to the fuel solenoid valve idle, and the other with a limit switch, actuated by the lever of the carburetor fuel accelerator pump. Moreover, two water sprayers, connected behind the throttle valve of the primary mixing chamber, are installed in the gasket between the carburetor and the engine intake pipe. The water tank, float chambers, water supply pipelines and water sprayers in contact with water are thermally insulated.

The drawing shows a device for supplying water to an internal combustion engine using the example of a two-chamber Solex carburetor.

A device for supplying water to an internal combustion engine contains a tank 1 with water connected through a faucet 2, a pipe 3 and a tee 4 with float chambers 5 and 6. The float chamber 5 through taps 7 and 8 and pipelines 9 and 10 is connected to water sprayers 11 and 12, which are connected respectively to the diffusers 13 and 14 of the primary and secondary mixing chambers of the carburetor 15. The float chamber 6 through the taps 16 and 17 and pipelines 18 and 19 is connected to the water sprayers 20 and 21 (the end of the sprayer 21 is shown in the drawing), which are connected behind throttle nkoy 22 of the primary mixing chamber to the gasket 23, located between the carburetor 15 and the inlet pipe 24 of the engine (not shown).

The carburetor 15 contains in the throat of the diffuser 13 a fuel nozzle 25 and a fuel atomizer 26 of the accelerator pump (not shown), and in the throat of the diffuser 14 contains a fuel nozzle 27 and a throttle valve 28 of the secondary mixing chamber.

The pipe 18 of the sprayer 20 contains a water electromagnetic valve 29, which is electrically connected to the fuel solenoid valve (not shown) of the economizer of forced idling, and the pipe 19 of the sprayer 21 contains a water electromagnetic valve 30, which is electrically connected to the limit switch 31, the rod 32 of which is actuated by the lever 33 of the fuel accelerator pump drive (not shown) of the carburetor 15. Sprayers 11, 12, 20 and 21, the number of which depends on the number of mixing chambers carburetor, identical in structure and comprise a Laval nozzle 34, the side air holes 35, fitting 36 to a conduit 37 (medical needle type) and a lock nut 38.

Before connecting to the carburetor, the sprayers are checked and adjusted for spray quality and specific water consumption depending on the optimal ratio of water to fuel supply at various operating modes of a particular engine.

The device operates as follows.

With closed cranes 7, 8, 16 and 17, the engine starts on fuel (without turning on the water) and warms up to stable operation at idle. Then cranes 7, 8, 16 and 17 open and the car is ready to work with the addition of water as an anti-knock additive to low-octane gasoline. For example, the engine runs without detonation on A-76 gasoline instead of the necessary AI-93 gasoline.

When the engine is operating at low and medium loads (the throttle valve 22 of the primary chamber opens by two-thirds, and the throttle valve 28 of the secondary chamber is closed), the atomizer 11 is turned on together with the fuel nozzle 25.

Water from the pipeline 37 is carried away through a Laval nozzle 34 with air moving at a supersonic speed, entering through the lateral openings 35 of the atomizer 11, and the air-water mixture in a foggy form enters the mixing chamber, mixing with the fuel-air mixture. The resulting combustible water-fuel-air mixture entering the engine cylinders (not shown in the drawing) with residual gases forms a working mixture, which burns qualitatively and without detonation in compression chambers (not shown in the drawing).

In this mode, the atomizer 12 does not work, since the throttle valve 28 of the secondary chamber is closed, and the atomizer 20 changes the flow of water-air mixture in the direction of decreasing as the opening of the throttle valve 22 of the primary mixing chamber increases.

In the mode of a sharp increase in the load, the fuel accelerator pump (not shown) is put into operation and the accelerator pump drive lever 33 presses the rod 32 of the limit switch 31, which is electrically connected to the water electromagnetic valve 30, which opens the pipe 19 for water to pass to the sprayer 21. In parallel with the fuel injection through the atomizer 25, a water-air mixture is supplied through the water atomizer 21, balancing the proportional ratio of water to fuel.

At maximum engine power, the throttles 22 and 28 of both chambers are fully open and the water sprayers 11, 12 and 20 increase the flow of air-water mixture depending on the increase in engine speed, equalizing the proportional ratio of the water-fuel mixture.

In idle mode, when the idle fuel mixture is provided only by the primary chamber and the throttle valves 22 and 28 are completely closed, the atomizer 20 enters into operation, balancing the proportional ratio of the water-fuel combustible mixture. Otherwise, long-term operation of the engine on low-octane gasoline in this mode will lead to rapid heating of the engine and glow ignition (engine knock) when the ignition is turned off immediately after idling.

In the economizer mode of forced idling in a certain interval of crankshaft revolutions, the fuel supply to the idle system is switched off by an electromagnetic shut-off valve (not shown in the drawing) by cutting off the power supply to it. At this time, the power supply to the water solenoid valve 29 is shut off, which blocks the water from accessing the atomizer 20. Otherwise, prolonged suction of the air-water mixture into the engine cylinders can cover the electrodes of the spark plugs with moisture and nullify the forced idle economizer mode.

In case of exhaustion or lack of water at certain engine operating modes, which is expressed in interruption of engine operation (excess water) or occurrence of detonation (lack of water), a particular atomizer responsible for the specified operating mode can be adjusted accordingly to decrease or increase the water supply (30 -50 percent water relative to fuel).

In winter, a water tank, a float chamber, a water supply line and water sprayers are thermally insulated (thermal insulation is not shown in the drawing).

Thus, the proposed device provides the required ratio of water to fuel in all modes of engine operation with high-quality spray of water.

The proposed device gives the following technical and economic effect:

- the car engine becomes omnivorous in the range of octane numbers of gasoline from A-76 to AI-98;

- there is no need for refineries to produce expensive high-octane gasolines;

- fuel economy (at least 15 percent) is achieved without a significant change in engine design;

- ensured environmental safety (harmless exhaust).

The proposed device was successfully tested on a VAZ 2106 car for ten years in the actual operating conditions of the Urals.

Claims (3)

1. A device for supplying water to an internal combustion engine containing a water tank, a float chamber, water supply pipes and water sprayers connected to a carburetor, characterized in that the injection-type water sprayers contain a Laval nozzle with side air holes and are connected: one at a time to the necks of the diffusers of the primary and secondary mixing chambers and two nozzles - behind the throttle valve of the primary mixing chamber of the carburetor, the pipelines of which contain water electromagnetic valves, about Institute of which is electrically connected with the fuel electromagnetic valve idling, and the other - with a limit switch actuated by the drive lever of the fuel carburetor accelerator pump. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that two water sprayers connected behind the throttle valve of the primary mixing chamber are installed in the gasket between the carburetor and the engine intake pipe. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the water tank, float chambers, water supply pipelines and water sprayers in contact with water are thermally insulated.