RU2255244C2 - Method of electromagnetic cleaning and processing of fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fuel devices of internal combustion engines and methods of fuel cleaning. According to proposed method, fuel flow is passed through electromagnetic device with adjustable magnetic intensity. Fuel is heated at device inlet to 300-312 K and is set into rotation in zone of interaction with magnetic field, and air is removed simultaneously from zone of action.

EFFECT: improved efficiency f magnetic cleaning and processing of fuel.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to engine building and allows to obtain a high degree of fuel purification and to ensure its processing by a magnetic field. This leads to an increase in the speed and completeness of combustion, as well as a sharp decrease in the toxicity of exhaust gases while saving fuel.

A known method of magnetization of fuel [1], which consists in treating the liquid with a constant magnetic field when it flows through a magnetic apparatus.

The disadvantage of this method is the inability to ensure high efficiency of cleaning and magnetization of fuel when changing processing modes, which is due to the use of permanent magnets, because this complicates the selection of the required magnetic field strength when implementing the method in each particular mode.

Known cyclone method of purification of fuel [2], which provides a fairly fine cleaning of fuel.

The main disadvantage of this method is the formation of air column in cyclones - air entering the power system is unacceptable.

The closest technical solution is the method of magnetic treatment of liquid (water) systems [3], which includes treating the liquid with a constant or alternating magnetic field when the liquid flows in a turbulent flow through a magnetic apparatus with adjustable magnetic field strength and introduces atomized air into the apparatus.

The main disadvantage of this method is the inability to use it for cleaning and processing fuel, this is due to the fact that the known method involves the supply of air to the treatment zone of the liquid, and the properties of water and fuel are significantly different from each other. Air entering the fuel supply system is not permissible.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of magnetic cleaning and processing of fuel with lower costs by disrupting the structure of the fuel and weakening the bonds of individual molecules in interaction with a magnetic field.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the fuel flow is passed through an electromagnetic apparatus with adjustable magnetic field strength, at the inlet of the apparatus, the fuel is heated to a temperature of 300 ... 312 K to reduce viscosity and surface tension, give it a rotational movement and at the same time air is removed from the interaction zone with a magnetic field.

The drawing shows one diagram of a device for implementing the proposed method.

The device comprises a housing 1, an electromagnetic coil 2, a fixed axial turbine 3, a filter element 4, an air trap 5 made in the form of a selective liquid-gas membrane, an air exhaust pipe 6, a tangential discharge pipe 7, an impurity discharge nozzle 8, a magnetic field strength regulator 9 , fuel heater 10.

The fuel heater 10 and the axial turbine 3 are installed at the inlet, and the output tangential pipe 7 in the wide part of the cone, made in the form of a truncated cone, the magnetic field strength regulator 9 is connected to the electromagnetic coil 2.

The method is as follows.

The fuel flow is heated to a temperature of 300 ... 312 K in the heater 10, fed to the blades of a stationary turbine 3 and it is informed of a rotational movement along the wall of the filter element 4. As this movement progresses, the flow rate drops 3-4 times.

Due to the vacuum in the air trap 5, air is discharged through the air exhaust pipe 6, for example, to the engine inlet. At the same time, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 2 located on the outside of the housing 1 acts on the fuel being cleaned.

зависят от

- потерь давления на турбинке 3, где L - длина турбинки, м; d_э - эквивалентный диаметр турбинки 3, м; ρ - плотность топлива, кг/м³; ω - скорость движения топлива, м/с; g =9,81 м/с² - постоянная Планка; λ - коэффициент потерь на трение; при ламинарном движении, когда R_e<2320,1,

при турбулентном (2320<R_e<10⁵)

и при R_e>10⁵, λ=(0,0032+0,221·R_e-0,237), где

- критерий Рейнольдса, v - кинематическая вязкость топлива, м²/с; Q - часовой расход топлива, кг/ч.The fuel is heated in the heater 10 to reduce the viscosity, respectively, the cost of its injection and reduction of the surface tension of the fuel. Based on the existing dependences of viscosity [4] and surface tension [5] on the temperature of the fuel, we can conclude that its optimum temperature is in the range of 300 ... 312 K. At the same time, the minimum energy consumption for its injection is ensured. A further increase in temperature is impractical, since it can lead to the formation of steam plugs in the power system and increase the energy consumption for heating it. Lowering the temperature of the fuel below 300 K contributes to an increase in its viscosity and surface tension, which will cause significant resistance to its movement (pumping) and spraying. For example, fuel injection costs

depends on

- pressure loss on the turbine 3, where L is the length of the turbine, m; d _e - the equivalent diameter of the turbine 3, m; ρ is the density of the fuel, kg / m ³ ; ω is the fuel velocity, m / s; g = 9.81 m / s ² - Planck's constant; λ is the coefficient of friction losses; in laminar motion, when R _e <2320,1,

with turbulent (2320 <R _e <10 ⁵ )

and at R _e > 10 ⁵ , λ = (0.0032 + 0.221 · R _e -0.237), where

- Reynolds criterion, v - kinematic viscosity of the fuel, m ² / s; Q - hourly fuel consumption, kg / h.

Thus, under the combined action of centrifugal forces and a magnetic field, the fuel is cleaned of magnetic metal and non-magnetic particles, that is, particles falling into the magnetic field are covered by “charged” ions from the eddy currents created by the magnetic field and coagulate - stick together, enlarge and linger in the filter element 4, as a result of which the total surface area of the particles decreases.

Due to the influence of vortex flows of magnetic lines of force of a concentrated magnetic field, the “spin” moment of electrons in their orbits and atoms of the elements that make up the fuel increases. Therefore, the energy characteristics of the fuel are increased, thereby it adapts to the design and operational modes of operation of both carburetor and diesel engines.

Using the proposed method in comparison with the known ones provides an increase in the efficiency of magnetic cleaning and fuel processing by 20 ... 30%.

Sources of information

1. Device for fine cleaning and magnetic modification of fuel of an internal combustion engine. RF patent 2137939, cl. F 02 M 27/04.

2. Vysotsky L.I., Morozov V.G. On the use of hydrocyclones for the purification of hydraulic fluids from mechanical impurities. In: Hydraulic Studies of Structures. Clarification of liquids. - Saratov, 1968, issue 29, p .98-201.

3. The method of magnetization of water systems. Copyright certificate SU 1736943 A1, C 02 F 1/48.

4. Nikolaenko A.V., Khvatov V.N. Improving the use of tractor diesel engines in agriculture. - L .: Agropromizdat., Leningrad Branch, 1986, p. 61, Fig. thirteen.

5. Chertkov Ya.B. Modern and promising hydrocarbon reactive and diesel fuels. - M .: Chemistry, 1968, p.199, fig. 55.

Claims (1)

The method of electromagnetic cleaning and processing of fuel, which consists in the fact that the fuel flow is passed through an electromagnetic apparatus with adjustable magnetic field strength, characterized in that the fuel is heated to a temperature of 300-312 K at the inlet of the apparatus, giving it a rotational movement in the zone of interaction with the magnetic field and simultaneously remove air from the interaction zone.