RU2296238C1 - Fuel processing device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to preliminary preparation of fuel in internal combustion engine. Proposed fuel processing device contains flow-through chamber connected with inlet and outlet fuel pipes, winding arranged on outer surface of flow-through chamber, and metal balls loosely fitted inside flow-through chamber. Inlet and outlet fuel pipes, metal ball ands flow-through chamber are made of material with equal polarization orientation and with higher dielectric permeability, as compared with that of fuel. Section of pipelines arranged inside flow-through chamber are provided with longitudinal slots. Inner surface of outlet fuel pipe has insulating coating.

EFFECT: enlarged functional capabilities and increased efficiency of device.

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to equipment for preliminary fuel preparation, and can be used to improve environmental safety and reduce fuel consumption during engine operation.

A known system for supplying fuel to the combustion chamber (see RF patent No. 2101545, class F 02 M 27/04, publ. 10.01.98). Removable cartridges with material whose dielectric constant is higher than that of fuel are installed on the fuel pump, due to which triboelectrification of fuel particles occurs, i.e. it receives an electric charge throughout its volume.

The disadvantage of this device is the low electrification of the liquid due to the relatively low speed of the fuel, which reduces the efficiency of the device and its functionality.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed solution is a device for magnetic fluid treatment (see RF patent No. 1388573, class F 02 M 27/04, publ. 04/15/08,), containing a flow chamber connected to the inlet and outlet fuel pipelines , a winding is placed on the outer surface of the flow chamber, and metal balls are loosely located inside the flow chamber. As a result of the current supply to the winding, an electromagnetic field arises that acts on the fuel, the combustion of which in the engine is more efficient.

The disadvantage of this device is the insignificant effect of an external electric field on the entire volume of moving fuel, in particular, due to excessive heating of the fuel due to losses due to hysteresis and eddy currents, which leads to low fuel electrification, and this reduces the efficiency of the device and its functionality.

The present invention solves the problem of expanding the functionality and increasing the efficiency of the device.

The technical result is to ensure the electrification of moving fuel throughout the volume and at low speeds.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in the fuel processing device containing a flow groove connected to the inlet and outlet fuel lines, a winding is placed on the outer surface of the flow chamber, and metal balls, inlet and outlet fuel lines, metal balls and flow are loosely located inside the flow chamber the chamber is made of materials with the same polarization orientation and with a higher dielectric constant than fuel, with sections of fuel lines whelping inside the flow chamber are provided with longitudinal slots, and the inner surface of the output of the fuel has an insulating coating.

Performance indicators and exhaust gas toxicity of carburetor engines largely depend on the quality of the mixture formation process, which is largely determined by the fineness and uniformity of fuel atomization, which is achieved by the aerodynamic effect of the air flow on the fuel stream. In this case, the average radius r _{k of the} droplets formed (when crushing the jet of fuel) is estimated by the expression:

r _k = Kgσ / W _B ,

where: K - spray constant;

g is the acceleration of gravity;

σ is the coefficient of surface tension;

W _B - air velocity in the diffuser.

From this formula it follows that the fineness of spraying depends on the magnitude of the surface tension of the fuel and the speed of the air flow in the diffuser. However, the increase in air velocity in the carburetor diffuser has a definite limit. An increase in air velocity in excess of 100 m / s almost no longer improves the fineness of fuel atomization, which indicates the limitations of this method of improving the process of mixture formation. Therefore, one of the most effective ways to improve the fineness of fuel atomization is the electromagnetic processing of fuel.

External sources of high voltage (ignition coils, high-voltage converters and voltage multipliers) do not give much effect in the conditions of operation of mobile machines. The fact is that with the help of such sources it is possible to affect the fuel only in a small area of the system (for example, inside the flow chamber). In addition, the intensity of the electric field created by them is significantly inferior to the natural electrostatic obtained by triboelectrification. At low field strengths, fuel is poorly electrified and, when moving toward the nozzle or to the carburetor atomizer, discharges due to charge leakage (relaxation).

However, fuels, as well as other non-polar liquid dielectrics, are characterized by triboelectrization during their movement. The formation of electrostatic charges during the expiration of hydrocarbon fuels is explained by the theory developed by Kozman and Gavis and further developed in the works of Bobrovsky S.A., Salimov A.U., Tatarnova V.V. and etc.

This theory is based on the equations of charge transfer in fuel by diffusion, conductivity, and convention. According to the mentioned scientists, electrostatic charges are formed as a result of the predominant adsorption of ions of the same sign on the pipe walls, and their leakage occurs as a result of ohmic conductivity of the fuel.

When triboelectric processing of fuel on its droplets, in addition to molecular forces that determine their strength, they are directly proportional to the acquired charge (potential) and directed in the opposite direction, reducing the surface tension coefficient of the droplet σ (Fig. 1), which leads to finer atomization of the fuel and its efficient combustion.

For the practical implementation of the above (in contrast to the prototype), a new constructive solution is proposed - the combination of an external electromagnetic field and triboelectrification. For this, the inlet and outlet fuel lines, metal balls and the flow chamber are made of materials of the same polarization orientation and with a higher dielectric constant than fuel. Then, when moving through the pipeline, the fuel is electrified, i.e. acquires a charge and, falling into a flow chamber filled with balls, increases it under the influence of an electromagnetic field obtained from a winding supply, for example, by alternating current from a generator excitation wire.

With an increase in the phase separation surface: “pipe wall - liquid”, a large number of ions of a certain sign are adsorbed, participating in the electrolytic mechanism of the formation of an electrostatic charge. Therefore, longitudinal cuts are made at the edges of the inlet and outlet fuel pipelines, contributing to a decrease in hydraulic resistance, which favors the flow of fuel at a higher speed and, accordingly, its better triboelectrization.

In order to preserve the acquired charge up to the combustion chamber, an insulating coating is applied to the inner surface of the output fuel line.

Thus, a comparison of the claimed invention with the prototype made it possible to establish its compliance with the criterion of "novelty."

When analyzing the state of the art in this field, it was also revealed that the claimed combination of essential features ensures the present invention meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a graph of the effect of triboelectrification of fuel on the surface tension of its droplets; figure 2 shows a functional diagram of a device for processing fuel for an internal combustion engine.

The device comprises a flow chamber 1, on the outer surface of which a winding 2 is placed, connected to a power source 3. Metal balls 4 are loosely placed inside the flow chamber 1. The flow chamber 1 is connected to the input 5 and output 6 fuel pipelines, while their respective sections 7 and 8 located inside the flow chamber, have longitudinal slots, and the inner surface of the outlet fuel pipe 6 has an insulating coating. Inlet 5 and outlet 6 fuel lines, metal balls 4 and flow chamber 1 are made of materials with the same polarization orientation and with a higher dielectric constant than fuel.

The device operates as follows.

Fuel from the pump flows through pipeline 5 to the flow chamber 1, acquiring a charge as a result of triboelectrification and storing it in chamber 1 due to the same polarization orientation of the materials of pipelines 5 and 6, balls 4 and chamber 1 itself.

Due to the supply of winding 2 with current from source 3 (for example, an alternating voltage current from the generator excitation wire), an electromagnetic field is induced in chamber 1, the lines of force of which intersect already charged fuel distributed on the surfaces of balls 4 in the form of a thin film. As a result, the intensity of the joint electric field (in comparison with the prototype) increases, which creates a high electrification of the fuel, leads to a high degree of stabilization of the charge and its sufficient equalization in the entire volume of fuel, regardless of its speed.

Longitudinal slots in sections 7 and 8 of the fuel lines contribute to an increase in the total contact area of the fuel flowing out from the toll pipe 5 and the fuel entering the fuel pipe 6, i.e. phase separation surface: "pipeline wall - liquid" becomes larger and, accordingly, a larger number of ions participate in the electrolytic mechanism of increasing electrostatic charge.

In addition, the longitudinal slots in sections 7 and 8 of the fuel lines contribute to a decrease in hydraulic resistance, which favors the flow of fuel at a higher speed and, accordingly, its better triboelectrization.

The conservation of the acquired charge up to the combustion chamber is facilitated by an insulating coating on the inner surface of the output fuel line 6.

These distinctive features from the prototype features provide the proposed technical solution with the following advantages:

- reduce the surface tension of the fuel;

- contribute to the creation of a fine air-fuel mixture and the opening of the torch in the combustion chamber of the engine;

- due to the most complete combustion of such an air-fuel mixture, the concentration of CO, CH and smoke in the exhaust gases of the engine is reduced, and fuel consumption is also reduced.

All this, in general, increases the efficiency of using the proposed invention and expands its functionality for use in various types of power plants, mainly in internal combustion engines.

Claims (1)

A fuel processing device comprising a flow chamber connected to the inlet and outlet fuel lines, a winding is placed on the outer surface of the flow chamber, and metal balls are loosely located inside the flow chamber, characterized in that the fuel inlet and outlet pipes, metal balls and the flow chamber are made of materials with the same polarization orientation and with a greater dielectric constant than fuel, while sections of the fuel pipes located inside the flow chamber, with They are fitted with longitudinal slots, and the inner surface of the fuel outlet pipe has an insulating coating.

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