RU2403211C2 - Water treatment device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to engine production, particularly to devices intended for complex fluids treatment. Proposed device comprises cylindrical chamber with inlet and outlet unions, magnetic system arranged aligned at the chamber center and consisting of several axially-magnetised permanent magnets equally spaced apart with alternating polarity and separated by magnetic circuits made from soft-magnet material in non-magnetic case, a tube. At least one cylindrical piezo ceramic ultrasound radiator is arranged between magnetic system and chamber inner surface, on the left and right from the radiator. In case there are several radiators, said ultrasound radiator can be located between them. There are thin-wall cylindrical electrodes with average diametre equal to that of radiator separated from radiator and chamber by dielectric gaskets and connected to voltage source "+" terminal. Magnetic system case-tube is connected to cylindrical chamber connected to voltage source "-" terminal. Fluid is passed between chamber inner surface and piezo ceramic radiator outer and electrodes surfaces, and, at a time, between magnetic system outer surface and inner surfaces of radiator and electrodes.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, lower costs.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The device is designed to handle various types of liquids by the integrated impact on the fluid flow by magnetic, electric and acoustic fields. The device can be used:

- when treating water in water heating systems to reduce scale formation and reduce the corrosion rate of equipment;

- during the extraction and transportation of oil to reduce the rate of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits on the internal surfaces of the equipment, reduce viscosity and reduce the rate of corrosion;

- when processing gasoline and diesel fuel before feeding them into the engine cylinders to reduce harmful emissions and save fuel.

A device is known for processing fuel by exposure to an electric field, comprising a chamber equipped with at least two bipolar electrodes connected to a power source (RU 2156879 C1, 7 F02M 27/04, 2000). The surface of the electrodes in contact with the liquid is coated with a dielectric material, and another layer of dielectric material is placed between the electrodes.

A device for magnetic processing of liquids is also known, comprising a diamagnetic casing with ring permanent magnets placed therein, separated by washers of soft magnetic material and facing the same poles (SU 1346584 A1, 4 C02F 1/48, 1987).

A device is known for ultrasonic processing of fuel (RU 2075619, F02M 27/08, 1997), comprising a cylindrical body with nozzles for supplying and removing liquid fuel with a screw insert for mixing fuel located in one of them, an ultrasonic jet emitter located in the housing, made in in the form of two Archimedes spirals, the blades of which have opposite directions and are located between each other, and a chamber of variable cross-section, located behind the jet emitter.

The disadvantage of these devices is the low efficiency of liquid processing, because only one of the fields is affected - electric, magnetic or ultrasonic.

A device is known for simultaneous exposure to fuel of a magnetic field and mechanical forces (RU 93034875, F02M 27/04, 1996). The device comprises a working chamber with a shaft coaxially placed in it, on which a ring is made with the help of elastic elements to rotate and vibrate, made in the form of an even number of sectors of non-magnetic and ferromagnetic materials alternating between each other. Spiral perforated blades made of ferromagnetic material are rigidly fixed on sectors of ferromagnetic material, and sources of constant magnetic fields are mounted in pairs on the side walls of the working chamber from their opposite sides and sequentially placed on one and the other sides relative to the plane normal to the shaft axis passing through the middle rings. The disadvantages of this device are the complexity and low efficiency, since the processing is carried out only by a magnetic field and vibration exposure of low power.

A number of devices are known for treating liquids simultaneously with magnetic and electric fields (for example, RU 2093699 C1, 6 F02M 27/04, 1997 and RU 2278989 C2, F02M 27/04, 2004) containing both an electrode system and a magnetic system.

The disadvantage of these devices is the low quality of processing liquids, due to the fact that activation is performed only by the action of electric and magnetic fields.

The prototype of this invention is a device - a hydromagnetic system manufactured by Eniris-SG (www.Eniris.ru, 03.2007). The device comprises a flowing metal chamber with inlet and outlet channels and a magnetic system located in the chamber along its axis, consisting of several cylindrical solid magnets directed to each other by the same poles and separated by gaskets of magnetically soft material, all magnets with gaskets are placed in a non-magnetic casing-pipe and the processed fluid is passed between the inner surface of the chamber and the outer surface of the magnetic system.

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of processing the liquid, since it is carried out only by exposure to a magnetic field.

An object of the present invention is to provide a device for treating a liquid, which provides an increase in the effectiveness of exposure to the medium to be treated. This is achieved by the fact that in a device for processing a liquid containing a flowing cylindrical metal chamber with inlet and outlet channels and a magnetic system located in the chamber along its axis, consisting of several cylindrical solid permanent magnets directed to each other by the same poles and separated by soft magnetic gaskets material, and all magnets and gaskets are placed in a non-magnetic casing-pipe, and the processed fluid is passed between the inner surface of the chamber and the outer surface At least one cylindrical piezoceramic ultrasonic emitter is arranged coaxially with them in accordance with the invention in accordance with the invention in the space between the magnetic system and the inner surface of the chamber, and at the right and left of it, and with several emitters and between them, thin-walled electrodes are coaxially aligned cylinders with an average diameter equal to the average diameter of the piezoceramic emitter, and the piezoceramic emitter and the electrodes have an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the chamber, an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the body-tube and a magnetic system by means of perforated metal covers are installed so as to form two cavities of the annular cross section between their outer surface and the inner surface of the chamber and between their inner surface and the outer surface of the magnetic system. The electrodes are separated from the emitters and the chamber by dielectric spacers and connected to the “plus” of the voltage source, and the casing-pipe of the magnetic system is connected to the cylindrical chamber connected to the “minus” of the source by means of metal perforated electric covers.

Figure 1 presents a structural diagram of a device for the simultaneous processing of liquids by magnetic, ultrasonic and electric fields.

Figure 2 shows a cross section of the device.

A device for processing liquid contains a chamber 1 of a conductive ferromagnetic material with input and output nozzles 2. In this device, the direction of movement of the liquid does not matter, therefore, each of the nozzles can be either input or output. In the manufacture of a variant of the device for the pipeline, the camera is made in the form of a pipe segment with flanges. A magnetic system is arranged coaxially with the housing, consisting of several cylindrical magnets 3 and magnetic cores of soft magnetic material 4, housed in a non-magnetic tube body 5, electrically connected to the chamber 1 by metal perforated disks 6, and the outer surface of the tube body is coated with a thin layer of dielectric material, for example Teflon (not shown in the diagram). In the space between the magnetic system and the chamber 1, a cylindrical piezoceramic emitter 7 and electrodes 8 are located coaxially with them, separated from each other by dielectric spacers 9, and perforated dielectric spacers 10 from the chamber. The cylindrical surfaces of the electrodes are covered with a thin layer of dielectric material, for example, Teflon (in the diagram not shown). In this way, two liquid treatment cavities are formed: one between the inner surface of the chamber and the outer surfaces of the piezoceramic emitters and electrodes, and the second between the outer surface of the magnetic system and the inner surface of the emitters and electrodes. On the outer surface of the chamber is a sealed connector 11 for connecting a piezoceramic emitter to an ultrasonic generator and electrodes to a voltage source (not shown in the diagram).

The device operates as follows. Liquid is passed through the treatment cavity. The magnetic system located on the axis of the chamber 1, consisting of magnets 3, magnetic cores 4 and the pipe body 5, creates a high-gradient magnetic field in the processing cavity. The axial component of the magnetic flux reaches a maximum value above the middle of the magnets, and the radial component reaches the maximum value above the middle of the magnets. Opposite magnetic poles are induced at opposite locations of the ferromagnetic chamber, which leads to an increase in the magnetic field strength in the fluid treatment cavities. When moving from a magnetic circuit to an adjacent magnetic circuit, the direction of the magnetic flux and the sign of the pole change. Thus, a highly gradient time-constant high-intensity magnetic field is created in the treatment cavity. When applying electric voltage to the electrodes in the treatment cavities, an electric field is also created, which can be either constant or variable, depending on the type of voltage source. A thin layer of dielectric material on the working surfaces of the electrodes enhances the effect of the electric field by reducing energy loss to create an electric field between the electrodes.

When applying alternating voltage to the piezoceramic emitters with a frequency that matches the resonant frequency of the emitters in the liquid filling the treatment cavity, high-intensity ultrasonic vibrations occur.

It is known that a magnetic field acting on a substance causes a precession of the axes of the electronic orbits of atoms and molecules around the direction of this field. This precession occurs with the Larmor frequency, which depends on the mass and charge of the particle and on the magnitude of the magnetic field. A change in the direction of the field leads to a change in the direction of the precession [1]. Thus, a magnetic field leads to some ordering of molecules in a substance, and a change in its sign in space or in time causes the destruction of existing structures.

According to existing theoretical concepts, a liquid or gaseous substance consists of separate clusters of various geometric sizes, which, in accordance with the principle of minimum total energy, can be considered as a combination of electric and magnetic dipoles with an average value of electric and magnetic moments in the volume of the cluster equal to zero. Under the action of variables in the time and space of the electric and magnetic fields, the volume of a cluster ruptures, leading to the formation of a finely dispersed mixture in the medium being processed and facilitating, for example, the access of atmospheric oxygen to fuel particles, which leads to more complete combustion of the fuel and reduction of harmful emissions .

Effective processes for demulsification, emulsification and dispersion using ultrasonic vibrations in liquids are known. With a high intensity of such oscillations in the liquid, cavitation occurs - the formation and collapse of gas cavities with high local temperatures and pressures. At intensities below the level of cavitation, demulsification, for example, water-oil emulsions, can be caused. At intensities causing cavitation, processes of emulsification and dispersion intensively occur [2].

Thus, the liquid located at a particular point in time in the processing cavity of the inventive device is simultaneously subjected to magnetic, electrical and ultrasonic influences.

Technical effect. The inventive device in comparison with the prototype and analogues provides a more efficient processing of the liquid due to the synergistic magnetic, electrical and ultrasonic effects on it.

Literature

1. Kalashnikov S.G. Electricity. M .: Nauka, 1985, 576 p.

2. L. Bergman. Ultrasound. M .: In. lit., 1957, 726 p.

Claims (3)

1. A device for processing a liquid, comprising a cylindrical chamber with inlet and outlet fittings, a magnetic system placed coaxially in the center of the chamber, consisting of several cylindrical axially magnetized permanent magnets mounted by the same poles to each other and separated by magnetic cores of soft magnetic material in a non-magnetic pipe body characterized in that at least one cylindrical piezo is located coaxially with them in the space between the magnetic system and the inner surface of the chamber ceramic ultrasonic emitter, to the left and right of the emitter, and with several emitters and between them thin-walled cylindrical electrodes with an average diameter equal to the average diameter of the emitter are separated coaxially, separated from the emitter and the chamber by dielectric spacers and connected to the "plus" of the voltage source, and the housing the pipe of the magnetic system is electrically connected to a cylindrical chamber connected to the "minus" of the source, while the processed fluid is passed between the inner chamber surface and the outer surface of the electrodes and the piezoceramic transducer, while between the outer surface of the magnetic system and the internal surfaces of the emitter and the electrodes. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner surface of the chamber, the outer and inner surfaces of the electrodes and the outer surface of the casing-pipe are coated with a thin layer of dielectric material, for example Teflon. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the camera is made of a ferromagnetic electrically conductive material with a sealed connector mounted on its outer surface for connecting the emitter and electrodes to power sources.

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