RU2251844C1 - Insecticide preparation for protecting fabric, fur and articles made out of fabric and fur against moth and skin beetles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textile industry, medicinal disinfection, household chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: the present innovation deals with technology for manufacturing insecticidal preparations for controlling insects - keratophages - clothing, fur coat, fur, felt and carpet moth and skin beetles. The suggested insecticidal preparation contains 0.01-60% weight of quaternary ammonium salt - clathrate didecyldimethylammonium bromide and, possibly, ethanol or isopropyl alcohol and a pH regulator.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of application.

2 ex, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the textile industry, medical pest control and household chemicals, in particular to insecticides for protecting wool, fur and products from them from keratophagous insects - clothes, fur, fur, felt and carpet moths and beetle beetles.

Quaternary ammonium salts (QAC), including commercially available benzalkonium chloride [R (CH ₃ ) ₂ NCH ₂ C ₆ H ₅ ] ⁺ Cl ^- (where R = alkyl C ₈ -C ₁₈ ) and didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride [(C ₁₀ H ₂₁ ) ₂ N (CH ₃ ) ₂ ] ⁺ Cl ^- , are known as active components of a large number of insecticides. So, for example, Biogard LLC (Moscow) produces Zorro-spray anti-milling agent containing 0.5% benzalkonium chloride in combination with 2% salicylic acid, which serves as a stabilizer of benzalkonium chloride and enhances its insecticidal effect (List No. 0057-01 domestic and foreign disinfectants approved for use on the territory of the Russian Federation ". Approved. MH RF 24.12.2001).

The aerosol formed by spraying a solution with such a high content of benzalkonium chloride and salicylic acid can irritate the respiratory tract and mucous membranes of the eyes (the threshold for the skin-irritant effect of benzalkonium chloride is 0.25%). Since salicylic acid is very poorly soluble in water, 50% ethyl alcohol is used as a solvent, which makes production more expensive and makes it fire hazardous. Reducing the content of benzalkonium chloride in order to reduce the cost of the drug and reduce its toxicity is impossible due to the deterioration of the protective effect, since this HOUR has a rather weak insecticidal activity.

A water-borne concentrate is patented for sizing products made from natural and synthetic materials in order to give them insecticidal, bactericidal and fungicidal properties (in particular, to protect against moths and skin-eaters), which contains a synergistic combination of 7.5% benzalkonium chloride and 0.07% pyridyl mercurchloride [Patent US 3058881, 10.16.62]. When sizing wool fabric with a 2% aqueous solution of this concentrate (containing 0.15% benzalkonium chloride and 0.0014% pyridyl mercurchloride), 100% protection against skin-eater was achieved. However, due to the high toxicity of pyridylmercurchloride for humans and the environmental problems that arise during its use in production, this drug is not of practical interest.

Known means of protecting textiles from keratophages, the active components of which are quaternary ammonium salts containing aromatic or heterocyclic groups, including xylyl pyridinium chloride [British Patent 483368, 04/14/38].

The recommended working concentration of xylyl pyridinium chloride in the sizing bath is 3%, which indicates its weak insecticidal activity. The use of xylyl pyridinium chloride in such a high concentration is undesirable due to possible skin irritation. This compound, like the rest of the HOUR indicated in this patent, is not manufactured on an industrial scale.

Also known are preparations for the antimole impregnation of fluffy articles, which are aqueous solutions or suspensions of polymer HOURs of formulas I-III [US Patent 2271378, 01/27/42]:

These HOURS are not produced either. In addition, they have low insecticidal activity: at a working concentration of 2%, the death of the caterpillars of the moth reached 95-100% only after 2 weeks.

Closest to the proposed is a method of protecting raw wool from moths by impregnation with an aqueous solution of didecyldimethylammonium chloride, followed by extraction and drying [US Patent 3746767, 07.17.73]. Finished dry wool, containing 0.5-2.9% of this HOUR, showed 100% resistance to damage by moth caterpillars, while the degree of damage by skin larvae was 55-97.5%. Dioctyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and tricapryl methyl ammonium chloride have approximately the same efficacy. It is noted that the protective effect of HOUR does not decrease for at least 9 months and remains at all subsequent stages of wool processing until the wool fabric is obtained. The disadvantages of this method are the high consumption of the proposed HOURs associated with their low insecticidal activity, insufficient protection against the skin-eater and the possibility of skin irritation when it comes in contact with finished products containing the above amounts of HOURS.

Most of the commercial anti-grinding sprays and aerosols produced in our country contain pyrethroid insecticides: aerosol containing 0.1-0.7 wt.% Permethrin, Molly (0.45% permethrin), Kapkan-Antimol-spray (0.4% permethrin), Zitol-spray (0.3% permethrin), Raid-Antimol aerosol (0.25% permethrin), Extramite-antimol (0.23% permethrin), Gela-Alpha (0, 05% alpha-cypermethrin) and others. Their disadvantages are the relatively high cost and toxicity to warm-blooded animals.

The technical result of the invention is the creation of a new tool for protecting wool, fur and products made of them from moths and skinneers, a high degree of protection against both moths and skinneers, increased efficiency, less toxic, with longer shelf life, cheaper, increased economy and toxicological security.

The technical result is achieved in that an insecticidal agent containing a quaternary ammonium salt, according to the invention, as a quaternary ammonium salt, didecyldimethylammonium bromide clathrate with urea in an effective amount is used to protect fabrics, furs and articles made of them from moths and skin-eaters. In this case, clathrate decyldimethylammonium bromide with urea is advisable to use in an amount of 0.01-60%. Perhaps the content of ethyl or isopropyl alcohol and a pH regulator.

Due to the extremely high and diverse antimicrobial activity of didecyldimethylammonium bromide clathrates (DDAB) with carbamide, the products we use effectively destroy not only keratophagous insects, but also the microflora that lives on the surface of the processed products, the smell of which attracts moths and skin-eaters. In addition, the cladrate of DDAB with urea is highly ovicidal due to which it quickly makes non-viable moth and skin eater eggs, which are more resistant to conventional insecticides than adults and larvae. Unlike pyrethroids, on the basis of which the majority of anti-grinding sprays and aerosols are produced, the DDAB clathrate with urea has a chemical affinity for keratin, as a result of which it is retained on processed products even after repeated washing and dry cleaning. Finally, the DDAB clathrate has a different mechanism of insecticidal action than pyrethroids, and is therefore active against insect-resistant populations.

The content of cladrate DDAB with carbamide, it is advisable to choose in the range of 0.01-60%.

Table 1 presents the toxicological characteristics of DDAB and its clathrates in comparison with didecyldimethylammonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride and some common insecticides. As can be seen from this table, the toxicity of DDAB is approximately at the same level as that of didecyldimethylammonium chloride and benzalkonium chloride, and all of these QAS and especially clathrates of DDAB are less toxic to warm-blooded animals than traditional insecticides.

EXAMPLE 1. The use of clathrate DDAB with urea as a water-borne antimole concentrate.

The tests were carried out at the NICbytkhim OJSC (Moscow) on a laboratory culture of a clothes moth (Tineola biseliella) at a standard rate of flow of working solutions of 10 ml / m ² . Working solutions were prepared by diluting samples of cladrate DDAB with urea with water to a concentration of 0.1%.

The test results showed that the efficiency of the tested sample exceeds the normative indicators: 100% of butterflies, 70% of caterpillars and 50% of moth eggs die in a day, 100% of caterpillars and 100% of eggs after 2 days.

Thus, the working solutions of cladrate DDAB with urea effectively protect against clothes moths. They are much less toxic and cheaper than the analogues described above.

EXAMPLE 2. Spray for the protection of wool, fur and products from them.

Didecyldimethylammonium bromide clathrate

with urea 0.01%

Tween-80 (surfactant) 0.5%

Ethyl or isopropyl alcohol 1.5%

Flower fragrance 0.2%

Water up to 100%

To prepare this preparation, technical DDAB was dissolved in alcohol, and perfume was dissolved in Tween-80 (VFS 42-167-72), the product of the ethoxylation of sorbitan monooleate. Both solutions were combined and gradually added to the calculated amount of water with stirring.

The tests were carried out in the same way as in example 1, using a laboratory culture of a skin-eater (Trogoderma granarium), available at the NICbytkhim OJSC. The test results showed that the effectiveness of this drug exceeds the normative indicators: 60% of the larvae and 90% of the skin bearer imago die in a day, 70% of the larvae and 100% of the adult in 2 days, and 100% of the larvae in 3 days.

This spray is several times cheaper and much less toxic than the known drugs described above.

Table 1 Name of toxicant The value of LD ₅₀ , mg / kg orally (rats) cutaneous (rabbits) Permethrin 430-500 > 2000 Alpha cypermethrin 79-400 1600 Didecyldimethylammonium chloride 788 3600 Benzalkonium chloride 700-750 > 2500 DDAB 730-800 > 2500 Clathrate DDAB with 1355-1550 > 2500 carbamide

Claims (3)

1. An insecticidal agent containing a quaternary ammonium salt, characterized in that a didecyldimethylammonium clathrate with urea in an effective amount is used as a quaternary ammonium salt to protect fabrics, furs and articles made of them from moths and skin-eaters. 2. The insecticidal agent according to claim 1, characterized in that the didecyldimethylammonium bromide clathrate with urea is used in an amount of 0.01-60%. 3. An insecticidal agent according to any one of paragraphs. 1-2, characterized in that it further comprises ethyl or isopropyl alcohol and a pH adjuster.